tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47235136824941432282024-03-19T06:27:48.192-04:00 Listening in NatureMusic of the natural world in NE Ohio throughout the yearLisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.comBlogger122125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-68876589310795302822023-12-18T15:55:00.007-05:002023-12-19T00:34:10.797-05:00Crickets and Katydids in the House 2023<div class="separator"><p style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO_MaeXFHwO7efVKsZTwH0giIHJ-erBmGigjyRsDjbjoL5p5G5-n885cXHShDWs936Rufm5z4PAhntM2fQ0xeyGfgvY3vZWlStsEwNjB1vEtR16qyV4r7Zf29uyGrT8KvzLj4eUflkTYP2O-qPbIh4lRjrw_tQpRVaV4Q6hXj1k8hkEMD6Wux3TS1VpXk/s1200/Nikos%20and%20his%20crickets%20and%20katydids%2011-8-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="1200" height="501" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO_MaeXFHwO7efVKsZTwH0giIHJ-erBmGigjyRsDjbjoL5p5G5-n885cXHShDWs936Rufm5z4PAhntM2fQ0xeyGfgvY3vZWlStsEwNjB1vEtR16qyV4r7Zf29uyGrT8KvzLj4eUflkTYP2O-qPbIh4lRjrw_tQpRVaV4Q6hXj1k8hkEMD6Wux3TS1VpXk/w640-h501/Nikos%20and%20his%20crickets%20and%20katydids%2011-8-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> It’s time for my annual “Crickets and Katydids in the
House” to close out another calendar year of Listening in Nature blog
posts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the indoor numbers are
diminishing as these elderly insects gradually fade away, we’ve had another
fascinating festival of singers this autumn. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">As you can see, Nikos has been keeping an eye on the
singers and their mesh butterfly cages in the dining room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have a pair of south windows there that
both orthopterans and felines enjoy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfz2DUYydVwOP6Ew0UvTGdPda80RTPZmKrQBIFb-DKSPCyDazuC6i3fYHyHkyN37xVFfk5ZY78bCO3oXQlKFUm0B4IqupVVNv-7I2dEpOj3dEbfvibi_21qm7DUI6oPmAZbsH2G-0adxd2Dy08cTaavuWdnC3U25ByEOxJrFzUlYsQ3fLrhxsnm6cstoY/s1510/Crickets%20and%20katydids%20in%20the%20warm%20sun%2010-23-23.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1310" data-original-width="1510" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfz2DUYydVwOP6Ew0UvTGdPda80RTPZmKrQBIFb-DKSPCyDazuC6i3fYHyHkyN37xVFfk5ZY78bCO3oXQlKFUm0B4IqupVVNv-7I2dEpOj3dEbfvibi_21qm7DUI6oPmAZbsH2G-0adxd2Dy08cTaavuWdnC3U25ByEOxJrFzUlYsQ3fLrhxsnm6cstoY/w640-h556/Crickets%20and%20katydids%20in%20the%20warm%20sun%2010-23-23.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Does Nikos present problems for the insects? Not typically.
In fact, I’ve repeatedly found him stretched out on their table next to their
mesh cages, sound asleep. They sing regardless of his proximity.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Our distinguished guest this year was Michael Microcentrum (<i>Microcentrum
retinerve</i>), a Lesser Angle-wing katydid from southern Ohio. This species is
moving north from southern and central Ohio but is not in my immediate region –
yet. I have recorded them as far north as the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in
Summit County (the county on Cuyahoga County’s southern border), so they’re
coming.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsV5mj4rYuPbP1fe5tVczSWdXx7ywbCHgFg9BIdGAAUxdTItzWXTQMkJdU-97HkQ5aWWBN4BD-C7-Oh1V65DrjUmHJjorEKXP5cbFSPNHQqLXxB16l_mG-AsgURSbYT-VRA9vZR86Mye3NzhUcu3O_0mR2EY25iCKKpAhvfm0ifNdtEovzXHEDVGisZJw/s2000/Microcentrum%20retinerve%20at%20attention%2011-7-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1309" data-original-width="2000" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsV5mj4rYuPbP1fe5tVczSWdXx7ywbCHgFg9BIdGAAUxdTItzWXTQMkJdU-97HkQ5aWWBN4BD-C7-Oh1V65DrjUmHJjorEKXP5cbFSPNHQqLXxB16l_mG-AsgURSbYT-VRA9vZR86Mye3NzhUcu3O_0mR2EY25iCKKpAhvfm0ifNdtEovzXHEDVGisZJw/w640-h418/Microcentrum%20retinerve%20at%20attention%2011-7-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">His song was a series of three quick, sharp, loud
exclamations followed by a pause, then another group of two or three
exclamations.Sometimes he really startled me!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688222778&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/lesser-angle-wing-katydid-three-song-statements" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lesser Angle - Wing Katydid Three Song Statements">Lesser Angle - Wing Katydid Three Song Statements</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Michael loved grape leaves, which I provided for as long as
possible. </span></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtOXiNL4ohRwGRwQeXz3ppvSr3-XeQHX20YWzdIv4X1pKXQ-ycRw5UjmxIM9597BygVPMrJN2BVknJKh6d-e-_Rb9I5dYTnqnMWnOi_LNlU_vGTDlD6xQ2D2CAA1oiM1Jhyphenhyphentj4CZrCYDJJRRytW_Y7TSq8G5ZtyVmmqYybhZxErvJN6WgcARUheeztMU0/s2000/Michael%20Microcentrum%20devouring%20his%20grape%20leaf%209-18-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1665" data-original-width="2000" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtOXiNL4ohRwGRwQeXz3ppvSr3-XeQHX20YWzdIv4X1pKXQ-ycRw5UjmxIM9597BygVPMrJN2BVknJKh6d-e-_Rb9I5dYTnqnMWnOi_LNlU_vGTDlD6xQ2D2CAA1oiM1Jhyphenhyphentj4CZrCYDJJRRytW_Y7TSq8G5ZtyVmmqYybhZxErvJN6WgcARUheeztMU0/w400-h333/Michael%20Microcentrum%20devouring%20his%20grape%20leaf%209-18-23R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><p></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I subsequently used an entire leaf of Romaine lettuce in a little
vase, which he found to be an acceptable substitute.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">As with all the singers here, Michael
had a daily organic grape half and organic apple slice plus Fluker’s
cricket hydration cubes for water and dry cricket food. I also mist the mesh
lid of each cage nightly, and I’ve seen both Michael and occasionally tree
crickets immediately drinking the water drops. </span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi77rHdTN1-JwQVg2O17azLDTx2CBoWimV9zwxIPesKJVL23r3TpxCnwI2dq15idZ4xkEg_l4tpMOFr7SGOMEIKT4sqAOr4ZwhUg-9mh9U5KrIkD9IiAot6Q7FrYTqs6aGCMBSXmg9ZnXZ77jzM92TeMhlw_eSKM0stmrF3AHk-EJbDwP25zMXmjC9FRV4/s2016/Cricket%20cage%202023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi77rHdTN1-JwQVg2O17azLDTx2CBoWimV9zwxIPesKJVL23r3TpxCnwI2dq15idZ4xkEg_l4tpMOFr7SGOMEIKT4sqAOr4ZwhUg-9mh9U5KrIkD9IiAot6Q7FrYTqs6aGCMBSXmg9ZnXZ77jzM92TeMhlw_eSKM0stmrF3AHk-EJbDwP25zMXmjC9FRV4/w300-h400/Cricket%20cage%202023.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>T</i></span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><i>his is a good size for tree crickets. Katydids need something larger</i></span><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7o4FwdyWL-8GhhyphenhyphenHl3ZiGThgWmgI_12M1xQf_EWxOxlsyJ-fLcUkWoIuy7M884djS6xOG7Eh4t9RWbF7rPjCoA9xfyj96k2dqpNCw1c_3cf7xFO2YT1sH67lnPMF-m_ssfcCjTj50CxlTs8KGcXMuWY5jkIkwh8dB1zjWOmUDv1fp0-4jrugH9Z_2XdI/s2000/Michael%20Microcentrum%20on%20his%20grape%2011-13-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1397" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7o4FwdyWL-8GhhyphenhyphenHl3ZiGThgWmgI_12M1xQf_EWxOxlsyJ-fLcUkWoIuy7M884djS6xOG7Eh4t9RWbF7rPjCoA9xfyj96k2dqpNCw1c_3cf7xFO2YT1sH67lnPMF-m_ssfcCjTj50CxlTs8KGcXMuWY5jkIkwh8dB1zjWOmUDv1fp0-4jrugH9Z_2XdI/w280-h400/Michael%20Microcentrum%20on%20his%20grape%2011-13-23R.jpg" width="280" /></a></div><i> <br /> <span style="font-family: helvetica;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Michael Microcentrum with his grape and apple slice.<br /></span></span></i><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Grape leaves were challenging not only because their season
was gradually ending, but also because Nikos really wanted those large leaves.
One night when he was being especially obnoxious about trying to seize his
leafy prey, I put a large grape leaf on top of his head.</span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgds2U4DXdCq3nMSjDjU5umgz0JHWvf3Mp9LsqJUUnTsCo1wJTA2ziZPdHjyID04A0Nce9WtKEx66eS1MntSHyNgqJ7MZt9e2F-tasOwPFPb9Jy2wCIOgC2XLDDHwx23aS_zH7i-gt3nUb63m_4AojABngpx0K5hvlZfxOO018wYoPcI_h9GvHvb3q0Bj8/s2016/Nikos%20and%20grape%20leaf%202023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgds2U4DXdCq3nMSjDjU5umgz0JHWvf3Mp9LsqJUUnTsCo1wJTA2ziZPdHjyID04A0Nce9WtKEx66eS1MntSHyNgqJ7MZt9e2F-tasOwPFPb9Jy2wCIOgC2XLDDHwx23aS_zH7i-gt3nUb63m_4AojABngpx0K5hvlZfxOO018wYoPcI_h9GvHvb3q0Bj8/w300-h400/Nikos%20and%20grape%20leaf%202023.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">He stopped. The grape leaf seemed to be an immediate calming aid. He sat motionless with the grape leaf on his head for the next half hour. </span></div></div><div class="separator"><p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPFH_2B2S4UX7bfOsU8MhfvKfDvnmYRU0kDF-EhlxYxp6Oo6Ad_QsH1hWSArrZPmTVullUX-GaWZ8f-0f3RKTDQChsqb7_PrpgmismAczm6_X1UpCJqwKQP3jSKKAQLooL_7C_Xmf2eg0fa-XdxfIyxG0hTxHKYerK10AHSAemooXJ3yJ20N_qBSw1Txs/s2000/Black-legged%20MK2%20on%20his%20cattail%2011-7-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1698" data-original-width="2000" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPFH_2B2S4UX7bfOsU8MhfvKfDvnmYRU0kDF-EhlxYxp6Oo6Ad_QsH1hWSArrZPmTVullUX-GaWZ8f-0f3RKTDQChsqb7_PrpgmismAczm6_X1UpCJqwKQP3jSKKAQLooL_7C_Xmf2eg0fa-XdxfIyxG0hTxHKYerK10AHSAemooXJ3yJ20N_qBSw1Txs/w400-h340/Black-legged%20MK2%20on%20his%20cattail%2011-7-23R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div class="separator"><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Our two other katydids are gorgeous Black-legged Meadow Katydids (<i>Orchelimum nigripes</i>): one from Geauga County and one from Lake County. Black-legged Meadow Katydids are common along ponds and wetland edges and live quite comfortably in a larger mesh cage with plant cuttings and seed heads from their original locations. <br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><div class="separator"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">The Lake County Black-legged has a cattail seed head in his cage, as
those were abundant in his area. There were no cattails anywhere near the
Geauga Black-legged's wetland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He lived in
bulrushes, and that’s exactly what he has now. </span></div><p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">You’ll notice in my photos that the Geauga Black-legged’s
face is almost white while the Lake County Black-legged’s face is the rusty red
of his cattails. Is the color in some way determined by the habitat? I have no
idea. </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQctIArjLIv_lQavueQopX4xoX3tLRJSk5OhtNp6JTQ_RkCy4u1xjJT6C56JkodXUqefVXEN_7-6ULIldp7NJp22b_KjGw1mbqfA0QeA7UOoM0qST37lMm4BGgtNnmKxsGyDBa3HEhykBRKPJcmvPY6kBKlc8IiWBdLi79XnpvHqDCMsLgMJdHji_q3BU/s2000/Black-legged%20MK1%20on%20his%20lettuce%2011-18-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1411" data-original-width="2000" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQctIArjLIv_lQavueQopX4xoX3tLRJSk5OhtNp6JTQ_RkCy4u1xjJT6C56JkodXUqefVXEN_7-6ULIldp7NJp22b_KjGw1mbqfA0QeA7UOoM0qST37lMm4BGgtNnmKxsGyDBa3HEhykBRKPJcmvPY6kBKlc8IiWBdLi79XnpvHqDCMsLgMJdHji_q3BU/s320/Black-legged%20MK1%20on%20his%20lettuce%2011-18-23R.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><i>Black-legged Meadow Katydid from Geauga County</i></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE1XhBG_72Vkho7KZv2OTrycG917y4x7B1yLra78FJ49LF1c-jOTmtW1Ar-x37fnaa_5Ea_0E1RO-lUqH9W_BES7d8GzzHqmo4D6z-sEaubK5oOEQ_8pt40_mm7xYrCjZK4lpxu3nxzKd-1srdn5zoyj0dPCI89iT-UoWYEL2BEcsYyT7FndilfqwilEg/s2000/Black-legged%20MK2%20closeup%20on%20cattail%2011-7-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1411" data-original-width="2000" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE1XhBG_72Vkho7KZv2OTrycG917y4x7B1yLra78FJ49LF1c-jOTmtW1Ar-x37fnaa_5Ea_0E1RO-lUqH9W_BES7d8GzzHqmo4D6z-sEaubK5oOEQ_8pt40_mm7xYrCjZK4lpxu3nxzKd-1srdn5zoyj0dPCI89iT-UoWYEL2BEcsYyT7FndilfqwilEg/s320/Black-legged%20MK2%20closeup%20on%20cattail%2011-7-23R.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: helvetica;"> <i><span style="font-size: small;">Black-legged Meadow Katydid from Lake County</span></i><br /></span><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">You may know the typical song of this species:
tic-tic-tic-and then a long whirr.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/949189438&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-legged-meadow-katydid" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black - Legged Meadow Katydid">Black - Legged Meadow Katydid</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWhLheqiDYLuWx1LUJvt108dFSHek4jGlQXysmfdGfTzgCKcveZbTKvmRtphzo5iTNwHKF3GppRtE4t0xzJn9q_8Os4xgwt3V3l5FMOlboZRIBFMxABhNh01tU0vudydOFJj6YslaiHE8HlU91ibnDStQ9DOgCpDHdJuKwTy8g2RQ2Ps9bT9nuEDkTIm0/s1280/Nikos%20watching%20a%20Black-legged%20MK%2011-12-23.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="986" data-original-width="1280" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWhLheqiDYLuWx1LUJvt108dFSHek4jGlQXysmfdGfTzgCKcveZbTKvmRtphzo5iTNwHKF3GppRtE4t0xzJn9q_8Os4xgwt3V3l5FMOlboZRIBFMxABhNh01tU0vudydOFJj6YslaiHE8HlU91ibnDStQ9DOgCpDHdJuKwTy8g2RQ2Ps9bT9nuEDkTIm0/w400-h309/Nikos%20watching%20a%20Black-legged%20MK%2011-12-23.jpg" width="400" /></a></p> <span style="font-family: helvetica;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><i>Nikos watching the Geauga Black-legged Meadow Katydid.</i><i><br /></i></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Both of these katydids tear into their Romaine lettuce!
It’s quite obvious – just look!</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjprYSomKV4a67E8WGfWzfXkMKtkKB5spEJ_L24kkzrrE5CqreZUcZIyhHpzTyQqtHohyphenhyphen64Mf8toekCPRIpkcQlqBHoDGC8vlxPtyPBQyicq1oh7WJH5StHTrJbj9JwtcagTzHwR1CIMJ8GozDZ2SPIZnHtwLbXFbB3BvEpchxzGkpeMN8TxtTCVHYB6oE/s1687/Lettuce%202023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1687" data-original-width="1512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjprYSomKV4a67E8WGfWzfXkMKtkKB5spEJ_L24kkzrrE5CqreZUcZIyhHpzTyQqtHohyphenhyphen64Mf8toekCPRIpkcQlqBHoDGC8vlxPtyPBQyicq1oh7WJH5StHTrJbj9JwtcagTzHwR1CIMJ8GozDZ2SPIZnHtwLbXFbB3BvEpchxzGkpeMN8TxtTCVHYB6oE/s320/Lettuce%202023.jpg" width="287" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggs1pziXBPqXHoveEd40baNk5zYx8yKY6Y3LRV6h4s5RUnpi8sGKd0REha5iufgFu8ZQ3NO4kT9bz69lDabrJonU_5J-lfILtsJ6ZWHLRvadFE0eirenYxMfl_ux7u4gpaxtw88FKhJnHxnzUAh9ToWWQfKH0C77nNfIZojVQd3LlVMpqbRSjzHE6GtDg/s1000/Lettuce%20devoured%20by%20Black-legged%20MK%2012-6-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggs1pziXBPqXHoveEd40baNk5zYx8yKY6Y3LRV6h4s5RUnpi8sGKd0REha5iufgFu8ZQ3NO4kT9bz69lDabrJonU_5J-lfILtsJ6ZWHLRvadFE0eirenYxMfl_ux7u4gpaxtw88FKhJnHxnzUAh9ToWWQfKH0C77nNfIZojVQd3LlVMpqbRSjzHE6GtDg/s320/Lettuce%20devoured%20by%20Black-legged%20MK%2012-6-23R.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">The Geauga Black-legged generally stays in my studio next
to my desk, as he becomes agitated and annoyed by the other Black-legged, who
lives in the dining room. That’s fine with me – how nice to have a Black-legged
Meadow Katydid singing right next to me while I’m at my desktop computer!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">At times, he also sings several erratically-spaced
“tics” after his typical tic-tic-tic-whirrr. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Listen: </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688211957&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-legged-meadow-katydid-songs-with-extra-ticking" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black-legged Meadow Katydid songs with extra ticking">Black-legged Meadow Katydid songs with extra ticking</a></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">All the other residents in our Orthopteran assisted living
accommodations are crickets. Always common here are Forbes’s Tree Crickets (<i>Oecanthus forbesi</i>) and
the look-alike sound-alike Black-horned Tree Crickets (<i>Oecanthus nigricornis</i>). Black-horneds are more
common east of my region and Forbes’s are likely the species that is found west
of Cleveland. Because I live in NE Ohio, I’m in the overlap zone of these two
species and have been learning to separate them by song and habitat. </span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhEmsriKtHQJOEUugWMCl3amzT6SryriDEqYBNtrq9_WYAXy46U5F2Cc42aWozOfVNiz3o2ax7VqVgyfP867T8muymjDX-WOlqo6gMrn2bvGvKxzEKQWGMDMSQhJ8F6Elxis8WQxsDdR6D4UMZ_K25yS2fdI-ltOzp0EpCqauzWLREWNNhBKC0FGMnmHg/s2000/BHF%20on%20his%20blackberry1%2010-30-23R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1697" data-original-width="2000" height="340" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhEmsriKtHQJOEUugWMCl3amzT6SryriDEqYBNtrq9_WYAXy46U5F2Cc42aWozOfVNiz3o2ax7VqVgyfP867T8muymjDX-WOlqo6gMrn2bvGvKxzEKQWGMDMSQhJ8F6Elxis8WQxsDdR6D4UMZ_K25yS2fdI-ltOzp0EpCqauzWLREWNNhBKC0FGMnmHg/w400-h340/BHF%20on%20his%20blackberry1%2010-30-23R.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Black-horned Tree Crickets seem to be more likely to live
where there are shrubs and thicker vegetation rather than out in an open,
goldenrod-filled meadow. The latter habitat is a prime territory for Forbes’s
Tree Crickets.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">There’s a difference in
the songs that I can hear in the field and also see on a sonogram. (Musicians:
it’s the second harmonic.) I can usually hear the difference in the tone
quality and subsequently see it on the sonogram. The distinction can be
confirmed by the number of wing strokes per second at a given temperature. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I love them all, of course, but I have a bit of a
preference for the Black-horned Tree Cricket’s tone quality. Here’s one from
Geauga County:</span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688214051&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-horned-tree-cricket-from-burton-wetlands-in-geauga-county" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black-horned Tree Cricket from Burton Wetlands in Geauga County">Black-horned Tree Cricket from Burton Wetlands in Geauga County</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Both species are a delight to have at home! They sing
consistently and often seem quite confident or even downright bold. When I
unzip the mesh lid of their butterfly cages, they may run right up toward my hand
to see what I’m doing.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtUvwOQihQIXRLe5e7-rUksVO5L-NgorvrYqCNN_uQ39rdhHNaoFZgz6Fbnb_YcOMYtfzn-qkYUzsnBj0_gp7zyGeQ5TjufIknf_OyerKsLSkWQ10RjuERZ8cba2RlMfCf39Ijo1gZ-5YDD3aipLd6WVWMhuNe7x8wTLF8wSVMMhKdJ98ReGURhClGL9k/s2000/BHF%20on%20blackberry%20leaves%2011-7-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1492" data-original-width="2000" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtUvwOQihQIXRLe5e7-rUksVO5L-NgorvrYqCNN_uQ39rdhHNaoFZgz6Fbnb_YcOMYtfzn-qkYUzsnBj0_gp7zyGeQ5TjufIknf_OyerKsLSkWQ10RjuERZ8cba2RlMfCf39Ijo1gZ-5YDD3aipLd6WVWMhuNe7x8wTLF8wSVMMhKdJ98ReGURhClGL9k/w400-h299/BHF%20on%20blackberry%20leaves%2011-7-23R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688220021&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/forbess-tree-cricket-from-north-chagrin-reservation" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Forbes's Tree Cricket from North Chagrin Reservation">Forbes's Tree Cricket from North Chagrin Reservation</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">As these tree crickets age, their file and scraper song mechanisms
can begin to break down. We had a Forbes’s Tree Cricket<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- “Squeaky” - who provided an interesting and
very obvious example of how this might sound. </span></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688229822&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/squeaky-old-forbess-tree-cricket-still-singing-on-11-18-23" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Squeaky old Forbes's Tree Cricket still singing on 11 - 18 - 23">Squeaky old Forbes's Tree Cricket still singing on 11 - 18 - 23</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">My favorite tree crickets are probably the larger, truly
gorgeous Broad-winged Tree Crickets <i>(Oecanthus latipennis)</i>. They typically live in dense shrubs such
as dogwoods, viburnums, and blackberry, so the indoor habitats I create for
them always include blackberry cuttings. They often sing from the underside of
a leaf and will immediately hide underneath one if startled.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif9IFjzImM2ItH6Xp-mRXt5YfaLHN3rW0WwUN0cjbILtcZ_ViBxhdtBhK1gDysxg8rxwlXyk2jCBpgyR4mmrrHLRDhtAat510Q-iSRkWKrp5t6rdcrXPyl5N9NvNClIwvH18LfdBuPc4whpA0I_Nf43IPJ3UqD8np6r_pjeh0785EcaJAwN_dt7QP2ERo/s2000/Broad-winged%20Tree%20Cricket%20on%20underside%20of%20leaf%20in%20house%2010-30-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif9IFjzImM2ItH6Xp-mRXt5YfaLHN3rW0WwUN0cjbILtcZ_ViBxhdtBhK1gDysxg8rxwlXyk2jCBpgyR4mmrrHLRDhtAat510Q-iSRkWKrp5t6rdcrXPyl5N9NvNClIwvH18LfdBuPc4whpA0I_Nf43IPJ3UqD8np6r_pjeh0785EcaJAwN_dt7QP2ERo/w400-h266/Broad-winged%20Tree%20Cricket%20on%20underside%20of%20leaf%20in%20house%2010-30-23R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <i> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Broad-winged Tree Cricket on the underside of a leaf, as is often the case</span></span></i><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">The Broad-winged in this photo, however, was quite exposed as
he boldly sang near the top of the cage.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmEoYxo-9hyphenhyphencc2b9n6l9Vgt5h2kmpxH2EzhoAA7oNgIp1D61AenbEGohlk-kmFah8EjalzaagxeLa9YHVEW8Vk9uaVleQth-oCmnHjZ-yz1j-xBp7HkFTTw9BvxGna-OHlJcQ1Z3wws_a-HC8bk2FAcN9dVSSczJghkt4BjzrwD15zU0eGGfxlCEii44g/s2000/Broad-winged%20TC%20singing%20on%20mesh%20cage%20ceiling%2011-18-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1663" data-original-width="2000" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmEoYxo-9hyphenhyphencc2b9n6l9Vgt5h2kmpxH2EzhoAA7oNgIp1D61AenbEGohlk-kmFah8EjalzaagxeLa9YHVEW8Vk9uaVleQth-oCmnHjZ-yz1j-xBp7HkFTTw9BvxGna-OHlJcQ1Z3wws_a-HC8bk2FAcN9dVSSczJghkt4BjzrwD15zU0eGGfxlCEii44g/w400-h333/Broad-winged%20TC%20singing%20on%20mesh%20cage%20ceiling%2011-18-23R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688210049&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-tree-cricket-lake-erie-bluffs" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad-winged Tree Cricket Lake Erie Bluffs">Broad-winged Tree Cricket Lake Erie Bluffs</a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">These tree crickets are one of the easier species to
identify in the field, as their songs are consistently at a lower pitch than
the nearby Black-horned, Forbes’s, or Four-spotted Tree Crickets. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I recorded
this example in the house: first, you'll hear Black-horned Tree Cricket. followed by a Broad-winged Tree Cricket. The Broad-winged Tree Cricket's subsequent entrance will be obvious. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688205486&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-horned-tree-cricket-and-broad-winged-tree-cricket-pitch-comparison" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black-horned Tree Cricket and Broad-winged Tree Cricket pitch comparison">Black-horned Tree Cricket and Broad-winged Tree Cricket pitch comparison</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">For weeks, we had two of our favorite tree crickets
upstairs on a bedroom dresser every night: a Snowy Tree Cricket (<i>Oecanthus fultoni</i>) and a Four-spotted Tree
Cricket (<i>Oecanthuis quadripunctatus</i>). Yes, I know. We have multiple favorites. <br /></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">We have Snowy Tree Crickets in our neighborhood, including our
backyard. Their steady, rhythmic songs are commonly heard along the Lake Erie
shore and also in old, inner-ring suburbs like ours.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9B5WhB2mNcIZ62YFvaJw5rZW2aE-wsOUyEzKEKbS7v5IchMSZltJQWlgwgzSh1CC8UrGyK0gMdOu5WNVkNATj0Zf3BvXBrbpmwMEB_rI-eIpRva05Azn6fYpJK_oEWAur6hhAa4UnZMfcz8MpVU5cBgENW7jhF6g5EA4a0uKNz1xw07fzcwQbRZwXhlQ/s1024/Snowy%20Tree%20Cricket%20singing1%20Montford%207-29-13.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="902" data-original-width="1024" height="353" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9B5WhB2mNcIZ62YFvaJw5rZW2aE-wsOUyEzKEKbS7v5IchMSZltJQWlgwgzSh1CC8UrGyK0gMdOu5WNVkNATj0Zf3BvXBrbpmwMEB_rI-eIpRva05Azn6fYpJK_oEWAur6hhAa4UnZMfcz8MpVU5cBgENW7jhF6g5EA4a0uKNz1xw07fzcwQbRZwXhlQ/w400-h353/Snowy%20Tree%20Cricket%20singing1%20Montford%207-29-13.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><i>This is one of our backyard Snowy Tree Crickets</i></span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">One individual moved from the back of the yard to the
native honeysuckle trellis against the house as night temperatures got colder,
and I subsequently located him and brought him indoors. Next to him on the
dresser was the Four-spotted Tree Cricket, who could still sing his steady trill but just
had a little trouble getting warmed up at first. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo3bkRDj-8ADQsCyD0M8UsV9IcTEFdnvwt8Was49T2phnZuE2hIpQI1mDcqtHgQJnJmI-QntiX4IQY6Zl6rYC_gYHstfQvlzmDCxcoMQyNJ291lw9MOqZ8GgWxjpg7DmcIFvXoP2iIHPCOsTkbbAFERnkeREwIlQDvssLnpfZakZ0Rgev-vgjLWV5rUi4/s1850/Four-spotted%20Tree%20Cricket%20in%20asters%20in%20the%20house%202021R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1625" data-original-width="1850" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo3bkRDj-8ADQsCyD0M8UsV9IcTEFdnvwt8Was49T2phnZuE2hIpQI1mDcqtHgQJnJmI-QntiX4IQY6Zl6rYC_gYHstfQvlzmDCxcoMQyNJ291lw9MOqZ8GgWxjpg7DmcIFvXoP2iIHPCOsTkbbAFERnkeREwIlQDvssLnpfZakZ0Rgev-vgjLWV5rUi4/s320/Four-spotted%20Tree%20Cricket%20in%20asters%20in%20the%20house%202021R.JPG" width="320" /></a></div> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; line-height: 107%;"><i> Four-spotted Tree Cricket</i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Here’s a recording from the
bedroom in the dark. The Snowy is the first “voice” you’ll hear.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1688225415&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/snowy-tree-cricket-and-four-spotted-tree-cricket" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Snowy Tree Cricket and Four-spotted Tree Cricket">Snowy Tree Cricket and Four-spotted Tree Cricket</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Of course, we always have a Handsome Trig or two or three (<i>Phyllopalpus pulchellus</i>).
These tiny crickets were never in our neighborhood until about 10 years ago but have now moved
north up to the lakeshore from down in Summit County. They eventually found our backyard and are now annual
residents. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1692894732&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/two-handsome-trigs-singing-in-the-dining-room" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Two Handsome Trigs singing in the dining room">Two Handsome Trigs singing in the dining room</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16cXXoaUowcjcdL_k-qW10VBItDp2hjAvtA2kH_xMHtGJ_XWkC8sNGOMr0ji7rjwo6eBZhAqJ1rlJRVmp3dK9_NKHlO9mS8BeD4YA0DZEjtw8WhSvD9T8O-rCmn8kyke0M-66-nrYOkX6YI6JDbrPQQ9bsbmpO8NYCZ7ESE6MpI_FOEYxwKuHeQVq2fo/s1024/Handsome%20Trig%20another%20view%20of%20palps%2012-3-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="889" data-original-width="1024" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi16cXXoaUowcjcdL_k-qW10VBItDp2hjAvtA2kH_xMHtGJ_XWkC8sNGOMr0ji7rjwo6eBZhAqJ1rlJRVmp3dK9_NKHlO9mS8BeD4YA0DZEjtw8WhSvD9T8O-rCmn8kyke0M-66-nrYOkX6YI6JDbrPQQ9bsbmpO8NYCZ7ESE6MpI_FOEYxwKuHeQVq2fo/s320/Handsome%20Trig%20another%20view%20of%20palps%2012-3-16.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span><p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">And what about Nikos? When I needed to provide blackberry
cuttings for those crickets that required them, Nikos once again launched an
attack on the vegetation (but not the crickets). If a grape leaf could calm him
down, could a large blackberry leaf accomplish the same outcome?</span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8sUrkdpumgjYswt37GXOrufjYKEZS-S-HE6Y0r5m8Tin7F6vMlN_T8NaGnfMI-IhPLZDyNdh2Cd3iJqG-gO733uKoebwdJy9uWs1A_ppQbubqEC6h591hPwZe3klZDVZ6XbjxT8_mrfBWioFGtEDgHBdIbqZgQ8sUBHLRfqljZ2beTLUmF_waVHiiKNQ/s1759/Nikos%20with%20blackberry%20leaf1%202023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1759" data-original-width="1512" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8sUrkdpumgjYswt37GXOrufjYKEZS-S-HE6Y0r5m8Tin7F6vMlN_T8NaGnfMI-IhPLZDyNdh2Cd3iJqG-gO733uKoebwdJy9uWs1A_ppQbubqEC6h591hPwZe3klZDVZ6XbjxT8_mrfBWioFGtEDgHBdIbqZgQ8sUBHLRfqljZ2beTLUmF_waVHiiKNQ/w344-h400/Nikos%20with%20blackberry%20leaf1%202023.jpg" width="344" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjHP2Dvi2dDy5THFoHMOlPxXY0ZucIZuPRGaj63IjDbMvsuRPVwpRQDGrR-y1_gdkz0ADJhiPLNbjKwQc-DiK_JEVAsTgSMGWIxKXkl7B2ZF1onHYKFLjFNeHkupFIRGh95Cyy8-dhJ4yOApicAELPWgjI0xg34xhJxqNLe8xAC-88aQMW9VF3pejGF5w/s1782/Nikos%20and%20blackberry%20leaf%2012-2023R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1782" data-original-width="1255" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjHP2Dvi2dDy5THFoHMOlPxXY0ZucIZuPRGaj63IjDbMvsuRPVwpRQDGrR-y1_gdkz0ADJhiPLNbjKwQc-DiK_JEVAsTgSMGWIxKXkl7B2ZF1onHYKFLjFNeHkupFIRGh95Cyy8-dhJ4yOApicAELPWgjI0xg34xhJxqNLe8xAC-88aQMW9VF3pejGF5w/w281-h400/Nikos%20and%20blackberry%20leaf%2012-2023R.jpg" width="281" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> ****************************************************************************************************</span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> You can read more about these crickets and katydids in my online field guide, </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> Listening to Insects</i> at <i><a href="http://Listeningtoinsects.com">Listeningtoinsects.com</a></i> <br /></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimEdbCCIAiBhocSHkzlDoshXDewtGLDzBaSawcdDqt8VvyHFPMa-nJmeVGSxsjXCpyTzc60B7akSoOfXVbjgplUTlochYwaPPMYRz5vw_i4qH7MX8O_pV9GT0sT8sRCqRe0Gn5uHl3iF18hj2ypYT_SFdpXbEL4SAnPPVZn7DHqtBKBqehri2CDvtvM70/s2000/Black-legged%20Meadow%20Katydid2%20has%20a%20reddish%20brown%20face%2011-14-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1862" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimEdbCCIAiBhocSHkzlDoshXDewtGLDzBaSawcdDqt8VvyHFPMa-nJmeVGSxsjXCpyTzc60B7akSoOfXVbjgplUTlochYwaPPMYRz5vw_i4qH7MX8O_pV9GT0sT8sRCqRe0Gn5uHl3iF18hj2ypYT_SFdpXbEL4SAnPPVZn7DHqtBKBqehri2CDvtvM70/w373-h400/Black-legged%20Meadow%20Katydid2%20has%20a%20reddish%20brown%20face%2011-14-23R.jpg" width="373" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p>
</div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-76089189547800533302023-11-08T18:29:00.000-05:002023-11-08T18:29:05.356-05:00Orthopteran Orchestration<p> <br /></p><p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizif6IXsDR7Czk-j31DtVUT_AAzV-ENBbxraKowFOnl7x4Uead5KVs-lLQ608FXDr6a9JzNxAc2PtM3oW1gux1z94WQrZoUfMNeIMtw_hcxUYJwRBeqkF47HSi4k24FrvqYxeVgsdJ3oCt_URxmS1tByUZZclszWY04NAjzXZM_k6Fa5QCD6JGpnD2APc/s1600/Lake%20Erie%20Bluffs%20Lane%20Rd%20meadow1%2010-28-23R%20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizif6IXsDR7Czk-j31DtVUT_AAzV-ENBbxraKowFOnl7x4Uead5KVs-lLQ608FXDr6a9JzNxAc2PtM3oW1gux1z94WQrZoUfMNeIMtw_hcxUYJwRBeqkF47HSi4k24FrvqYxeVgsdJ3oCt_URxmS1tByUZZclszWY04NAjzXZM_k6Fa5QCD6JGpnD2APc/w640-h480/Lake%20Erie%20Bluffs%20Lane%20Rd%20meadow1%2010-28-23R%20.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">While reading through this blog post text draft,
the night of October 31st eased into November 1st. The first lake
effect snow of the season quietly transformed everything outside my
windows into white and brown, while the crickets and katydids in the
dining room continued to sing as if it were still September. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p></div><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">My survey work is primarily by ear, as it’s often done at
night and these small, well-hidden insects are not necessarily easy to spot. During
the singing insect season (generally July – September in NE Ohio) there are
specific crickets and katydids that mature and sing at the same time. I know
these species individually, but I also know them as ensembles. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I listen as a professional musician, so I’m very aware of
pitches, rhythms, and also which insects sing at the same time in various habitats
and at different times of the summer and early fall. I expect to hear certain
species together, which is why I refer to them as ensembles. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">For example, in my recent “Unsettled Summer” blog post, I
wrote about three of the early species of katydids that mature beginning at the
end of June and continue to be center stage through the first three weeks of
July. These were the Gladiator Meadow Katydid (<i>Orchelimum gladiator</i>), </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj19wRWPAv49sLga6pFANQdK1bUGMgZsv1jSnS7PDTSTP2m0s6TA-Hw2Gt-PqLQaJm_CzQOeT1oh_gz3ReAKKeoq5WjtnpT9l1lSiKyPPtoHGURmJWwlff0-SQsJVqOpUXu1ohZEFckkFcgrdsBDBVlcIwkMs1iU3NQHcsk3D0Jb1k45X3GTJLe2hDnSTk/s1024/Gladiator%20MK%20LEB3%206-30-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1019" data-original-width="1024" height="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj19wRWPAv49sLga6pFANQdK1bUGMgZsv1jSnS7PDTSTP2m0s6TA-Hw2Gt-PqLQaJm_CzQOeT1oh_gz3ReAKKeoq5WjtnpT9l1lSiKyPPtoHGURmJWwlff0-SQsJVqOpUXu1ohZEFckkFcgrdsBDBVlcIwkMs1iU3NQHcsk3D0Jb1k45X3GTJLe2hDnSTk/w603-h600/Gladiator%20MK%20LEB3%206-30-16.JPG" width="603" /><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/274266436&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></a><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj19wRWPAv49sLga6pFANQdK1bUGMgZsv1jSnS7PDTSTP2m0s6TA-Hw2Gt-PqLQaJm_CzQOeT1oh_gz3ReAKKeoq5WjtnpT9l1lSiKyPPtoHGURmJWwlff0-SQsJVqOpUXu1ohZEFckkFcgrdsBDBVlcIwkMs1iU3NQHcsk3D0Jb1k45X3GTJLe2hDnSTk/s1024/Gladiator%20MK%20LEB3%206-30-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gladiator-meadow-katydid-bath-nature-preserve" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gladiator Meadow Katydid Bath Nature Preserve">Gladiator Meadow Katydid Bath Nature Preserve</a></div></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> and the Broad-winged Bush Katydid (<i>Scudderia pistillata</i>). <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgypRKADjQsHQJLcckfLvCXIe-BCkWAjxhGeg-IpxQGc43TU0HfJzTiOhtPDAl0IUAxdqoWbde6qUOFlGrbV-17x6aif6pQDf0flrK5czhYN9eCpHKyT7fdPbE9w8QJVmdafr0ClWiy3uJgoJDklJmdccgt-UpW1f8YULKduNjnaO1KGu0ZkxNMvnw3eXs/s3636/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20Frohring%207-10-23.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3240" data-original-width="3636" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgypRKADjQsHQJLcckfLvCXIe-BCkWAjxhGeg-IpxQGc43TU0HfJzTiOhtPDAl0IUAxdqoWbde6qUOFlGrbV-17x6aif6pQDf0flrK5czhYN9eCpHKyT7fdPbE9w8QJVmdafr0ClWiy3uJgoJDklJmdccgt-UpW1f8YULKduNjnaO1KGu0ZkxNMvnw3eXs/w640-h570/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20Frohring%207-10-23.JPG" width="640" />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/160005632&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></a><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgypRKADjQsHQJLcckfLvCXIe-BCkWAjxhGeg-IpxQGc43TU0HfJzTiOhtPDAl0IUAxdqoWbde6qUOFlGrbV-17x6aif6pQDf0flrK5czhYN9eCpHKyT7fdPbE9w8QJVmdafr0ClWiy3uJgoJDklJmdccgt-UpW1f8YULKduNjnaO1KGu0ZkxNMvnw3eXs/s3636/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20Frohring%207-10-23.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-busk-katydid-day-song-and-night-song" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad-winged Bush Katydid day song and night song">Broad-winged Bush Katydid day song and night song</a></div>
</div><p><span style="font-size: medium;">Here are the two species together - a gentle, peaceful duet.</span></p><p> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865033972&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-bush-katydid-and-gladiators-geauga-county-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged Bush Katydid and Gladiator Meadow Katydids">Broad - Winged Bush Katydid and Gladiator Meadow Katydids</a></div>
<p><span style="font-size: medium;">A few weeks later, the Sword-bearing Conehead (<i>Neoconocephalus ensiger</i>) will join them. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigHbOomeA4gsdCBtTYVQFzXHvLqzVs_jsxp78Rl_aIeCxSopgc7MIVPHVdmNcUqSYtkQZJZ2XW4uafbmRYkyTa2h5iAwK8jU_1y-H6Lmzgazt-b0UxQUCw4nqSn6oEO8EY8pbgW82UT-Zu16TOmNbDhbHJTqUULRDS5MajxrqWXFKAXF4v2EHZaaD0n-M/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20sings%20while%20walking%20through%20goldenrod%20Breakneck%20Creek%208-26-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1024" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigHbOomeA4gsdCBtTYVQFzXHvLqzVs_jsxp78Rl_aIeCxSopgc7MIVPHVdmNcUqSYtkQZJZ2XW4uafbmRYkyTa2h5iAwK8jU_1y-H6Lmzgazt-b0UxQUCw4nqSn6oEO8EY8pbgW82UT-Zu16TOmNbDhbHJTqUULRDS5MajxrqWXFKAXF4v2EHZaaD0n-M/w640-h416/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20sings%20while%20walking%20through%20goldenrod%20Breakneck%20Creek%208-26-18.JPG" width="640" /><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277461139&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></a><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigHbOomeA4gsdCBtTYVQFzXHvLqzVs_jsxp78Rl_aIeCxSopgc7MIVPHVdmNcUqSYtkQZJZ2XW4uafbmRYkyTa2h5iAwK8jU_1y-H6Lmzgazt-b0UxQUCw4nqSn6oEO8EY8pbgW82UT-Zu16TOmNbDhbHJTqUULRDS5MajxrqWXFKAXF4v2EHZaaD0n-M/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20sings%20while%20walking%20through%20goldenrod%20Breakneck%20Creek%208-26-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/sword-bearing-conehead-at-bath-nature-preserve-on-7-22-16" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sword - bearing Conehead at Bath Nature Preserve on 7-22-16">Sword - bearing Conehead at Bath Nature Preserve on 7-22-16</a></div></div><br /> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Tree Crickets would not yet be singing,
nor would the other katydids. Therefore, the Gladiators and Broad-wingeds are an opening duet that is subsequently joined by the Sword-bearers.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">These three katydids are near the southern edge of
their ranges, as you can see from these range maps from <i>Singing Insects of North America.<br /></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ktQ70gE_hMV-agZe7dWDPWodRihE7F_rNG9Uu0lWjcVA8oTPUjwY9eikzZPcep04WhC7VwF8RgBODSBXaHOFYXc3o-UK3xB9wUP-MUcY_lMgY-hEN1Uy7I4sazeIfI82XtS-Up0nb-x4tMoCmsBsQl6gOyP200N0n10qUnmzZmSldV1C37oyEFlaR-I/s640/Gladiator%20Meadow%20Katydid%20range%20map.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="374" data-original-width="640" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_ktQ70gE_hMV-agZe7dWDPWodRihE7F_rNG9Uu0lWjcVA8oTPUjwY9eikzZPcep04WhC7VwF8RgBODSBXaHOFYXc3o-UK3xB9wUP-MUcY_lMgY-hEN1Uy7I4sazeIfI82XtS-Up0nb-x4tMoCmsBsQl6gOyP200N0n10qUnmzZmSldV1C37oyEFlaR-I/w400-h234/Gladiator%20Meadow%20Katydid%20range%20map.gif" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0A_0WwRg56HBKx-pS0p7hwMDfYg8e9N9_CCbj79MDMaY2jbEQPw7y7V-ddfk9vMaoO7VXf_CEcKZ4Lnm3F_Tqh1lwtCQaAD84qx-1dBzHqeNmUUjvLN9J67jN0i81G3wuzMjh8cSKESKxUK5EpKxoEwGiW32Aam2W4EvAxqcgsaBkF5iyx3ZuhqrU32o/s568/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20range%20map.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="568" height="281" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0A_0WwRg56HBKx-pS0p7hwMDfYg8e9N9_CCbj79MDMaY2jbEQPw7y7V-ddfk9vMaoO7VXf_CEcKZ4Lnm3F_Tqh1lwtCQaAD84qx-1dBzHqeNmUUjvLN9J67jN0i81G3wuzMjh8cSKESKxUK5EpKxoEwGiW32Aam2W4EvAxqcgsaBkF5iyx3ZuhqrU32o/w400-h281/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20range%20map.gif" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv0oOnJMTpWimUzOL33Fh9c4Q3Z6xB3717UpLQv5JFgq0A6kO8VIt9QsOVhqNuZDCMiqEqApD4H3_44SGoZcqUfBexcikRun9EaUpOzQ93B6KthXSwLnZTdZJp78lbD0ZL-ASKMFanRx0BNBDTudxXrXz45uimnd82sBT5-gmBQbmt9MWn2AG9AI0Tz3k/s580/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20range%20map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="469" data-original-width="580" height="324" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv0oOnJMTpWimUzOL33Fh9c4Q3Z6xB3717UpLQv5JFgq0A6kO8VIt9QsOVhqNuZDCMiqEqApD4H3_44SGoZcqUfBexcikRun9EaUpOzQ93B6KthXSwLnZTdZJp78lbD0ZL-ASKMFanRx0BNBDTudxXrXz45uimnd82sBT5-gmBQbmt9MWn2AG9AI0Tz3k/w400-h324/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20range%20map.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Gladiator Meadow Katydid, Broad-winged Bush Katydid, and Sword-bearing Conehead range maps</span></i></p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />Is this why they sing earlier
than other species? I've also observed that the crickets and katydids who are moving up from
further south are ones who begin singing later in the summer such as the Round-tipped Conehead.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXDH0p6pwBIgme-OHsWt1UU3Pw7GfuCibn2Q7Za33cGhUc1o2DFefg24QU7oRb-adBq8R6ZrMvzIUDr_Z7Vh3cs2Z2iwgsoSQuh-DxlNIJ-SKXb_Y8Y4QYCl2hRBeg5raLEc1Cnkg2dpY3nOiyEDg0LaK6AHca5tdHZFSRgAmw_q-AYM7G4bh02pTBJ1M/s400/Round-tipped%20Conehead%20range%20map.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="353" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXDH0p6pwBIgme-OHsWt1UU3Pw7GfuCibn2Q7Za33cGhUc1o2DFefg24QU7oRb-adBq8R6ZrMvzIUDr_Z7Vh3cs2Z2iwgsoSQuh-DxlNIJ-SKXb_Y8Y4QYCl2hRBeg5raLEc1Cnkg2dpY3nOiyEDg0LaK6AHca5tdHZFSRgAmw_q-AYM7G4bh02pTBJ1M/s320/Round-tipped%20Conehead%20range%20map.gif" width="282" /></a></div><br /><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Around the third or fourth week of July, the Curve-tailed
Bush Katydids typically join the early katydid trio. Their rhythmic pattern contrasts with the
Broad-winged Bush Katydids and adds another instrument to the percussion
ensemble. This is as expected. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6woOvwpDSTx3hmTcgPFuKHNhNzEynWtklyaLs9BOaZ-8KZBZPf0lsHghM_aASSSabWO6M9QK5nKSw5r75gCRPUdyqR9wVPVKKHjGApVCojIFsWmKm0kQmL-ToPTBJmDFWNkG0nFEEW8Zxs89sBBCeHUqHzfKuAya5vvbVoROeeOIgftcITiT2TOvNNjc/s1024/Curve-tailed%20Bush%20Katydid%20male3%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="758" data-original-width="1024" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6woOvwpDSTx3hmTcgPFuKHNhNzEynWtklyaLs9BOaZ-8KZBZPf0lsHghM_aASSSabWO6M9QK5nKSw5r75gCRPUdyqR9wVPVKKHjGApVCojIFsWmKm0kQmL-ToPTBJmDFWNkG0nFEEW8Zxs89sBBCeHUqHzfKuAya5vvbVoROeeOIgftcITiT2TOvNNjc/w640-h474/Curve-tailed%20Bush%20Katydid%20male3%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><span> </span>Curve-tailed Bush Katydid (<i>Scudderia curvicauda</i>)</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/275272218&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/curve-tailed-bush-katydid-1" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Curve-tailed Bush Katydid">Curve-tailed Bush Katydid</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Shortly thereafter, the Oblong-winged Katydid and Rattler
Round-winged Katydid will also begin calling. The insect ensemble initially consists primarily of katydids and ground crickets, with the first tree crickets only
beginning to sing in late July.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Therefore, the July ensembles will primarily feature the
percussionists, as I call them. Why that description? The songs of katydids are
higher and more complex than what we’d perceive as pitched instruments, typically ranging from 8
or 9 kHz to at least 20 kHz. This is where we might hear consonants rather than
vowels in human speech and where many non-pitched percussion instruments would be
heard in an ensemble. (These are also the frequencies that our ears may
gradually lose with age, which is why hearing tests focus on our ability
to hear consonants.) <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">So what happens if the July musicians are all late in maturing, as they were this summer? They
might begin singing in their usual ensembles, but the concert would start later
than expected. Sonic relationships are maintained, but the performance time is
delayed. Earlier ensembles may subsequently overlap with ones that typically
sing later.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">But what if a single species is either late, occurs only in
small numbers, or doesn’t appear at all? This results in a sonic gap because part of
the ensemble is missing. This, too, was apparent, especially in July and early
August.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJQO3kgBgy3H510O0wtUTF5VIvrXXhN6SSbwzLmv6S-uyDi4-vzY5vR44d1M4cSoqtlRHVbhUo0qjSW2B04ESwHDrk31b0m3zxKCfehxl7r8TOOT7c-qdI3wFtpc5pQk5UrLMtlVViIWbpq2lC61zL2VMKsuF2s5KnXTKDjVxN3wHjmSdmXrC3qEW54gY/s1024/Curve-tailed%20Bush%20Katydid%20female's%20long%20legs%20BNP%208-3-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="1024" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJQO3kgBgy3H510O0wtUTF5VIvrXXhN6SSbwzLmv6S-uyDi4-vzY5vR44d1M4cSoqtlRHVbhUo0qjSW2B04ESwHDrk31b0m3zxKCfehxl7r8TOOT7c-qdI3wFtpc5pQk5UrLMtlVViIWbpq2lC61zL2VMKsuF2s5KnXTKDjVxN3wHjmSdmXrC3qEW54gY/w640-h518/Curve-tailed%20Bush%20Katydid%20female's%20long%20legs%20BNP%208-3-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Curve-tailed Bush Katydid female </i>(<i>Scudderia curvicauda</i>)</span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I noticed missing part in the July ensemble this summer;
there were far fewer Curve-tailed Bush Katydids than I’d expected. During the past few summers, I had begun
to wonder if their numbers were decreasing but couldn’t exactly document the
change. What I heard this year was obvious, and it worried me. It was
unsettling to have one of the ensemble members in lower-than-expected numbers.
It was a gap in the music. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The Common True Katydids should have made their noisy
presence known toward the end of July…but no one seemed to cover that part in
the orchestral score. They’re impossible to miss when they’re present, as they
are loud and insistent. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3JoYiTJpmmxaSIvfNEtzZRdFe0tImK8iLJc-2SRliYzz_EtDDLJ6vJgeUkZEdNYwlPybl_Q-Q8BquhSz-Cqv0KhVJXnZSDSiTxSwPzM9m2MlMGE8t8Z5ZPQXjpGnSZdUHhsPmBh75MBmsP5vMK_7lSl3etM6I4U5__xokq1s4kZb8ckPGMIaaIc7tig/s1024/Common%20True%20Katydid%20chewing%20on%20my%20hand1%20Montford%208-29-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO3JoYiTJpmmxaSIvfNEtzZRdFe0tImK8iLJc-2SRliYzz_EtDDLJ6vJgeUkZEdNYwlPybl_Q-Q8BquhSz-Cqv0KhVJXnZSDSiTxSwPzM9m2MlMGE8t8Z5ZPQXjpGnSZdUHhsPmBh75MBmsP5vMK_7lSl3etM6I4U5__xokq1s4kZb8ckPGMIaaIc7tig/w640-h400/Common%20True%20Katydid%20chewing%20on%20my%20hand1%20Montford%208-29-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><i><span><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">C</span></span></i></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><i><span><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">ommon True Katydid (Pterophylla camellifolia) chewing on my hand.</span></span></i></span></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1352561143&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Their absence was apparent. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Why weren’t they calling from up in the trees? I couldn’t
even imagine our backyard and those of our neighbors without this important
member of the Orthopteran orchestra! I worried about what might have
happened to them. Was it the violent storms of early August? Numerous tornados formed across northern Ohio in just one night, and a substantial amount of tree damage occurred. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I began to hear
them in some places a week or two later, but there were none singing in the
immediate vicinity of our yard. They didn’t begin to call until later in August
– about 4 weeks late! </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">What were the factors? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">As you may recall from my other posts, there is a
significant ensemble change at the end of July. The Gladiator Meadow Katydids
begin to fade out and are replaced by their Black-legged Meadow Katydid
cousins. </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGbygI0lBEGl1OEM4ZZL6Ml78C3W61C1ZsXP2SF0hFhFO_cUSF79eqenHHXz-0-aQJY-mE11e9HRaevHS8pcb3Y2n2MMPddYM6o4kuGv3DpY5FfSsRPGrwUpZfr77NvfiFWPQPeoZsNkBUn1pxUt_jYZICM9CfqONOfxtFkZllXzdD1DONAKuMd9LKatY/s1024/Black-legged%20Meadow%20Katydid1%20CLNP%209-14-15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="847" data-original-width="1024" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGbygI0lBEGl1OEM4ZZL6Ml78C3W61C1ZsXP2SF0hFhFO_cUSF79eqenHHXz-0-aQJY-mE11e9HRaevHS8pcb3Y2n2MMPddYM6o4kuGv3DpY5FfSsRPGrwUpZfr77NvfiFWPQPeoZsNkBUn1pxUt_jYZICM9CfqONOfxtFkZllXzdD1DONAKuMd9LKatY/w640-h530/Black-legged%20Meadow%20Katydid1%20CLNP%209-14-15.jpg" width="640" /></a></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Black-legged Meadow Katydid (Orchelimum nigripes)</i></span></span></span></p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; line-height: 107%;"> </span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/949189438&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-legged-meadow-katydid" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black - Legged Meadow Katydid">Black - Legged Meadow Katydid</a></div>
</span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I begin to hear fewer Broad-winged Bush Katydids (<i>Scudderia
pistillata</i>) and many more Curved-tailed Bush Katydids (<i>Scudderia
curvicauda</i>) taking their place. That’s the way the score reads, anyway…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">But recently, there seems to be a decline in Curve-tailed
Bush Katydid numbers, and I saw or heard far fewer than I would have expected.
Eventually, I began to hear another of their <i>Scudderia</i> cousins that
matures a little later– the Texas Bush Katydid (<i>Scudderia texensis</i>). Yet
their numbers also seemed quite low, as they have in the past few years. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkiiF766iSmxtqzexH2WESSvkYzHTG6GwnqhwC0DE0n7yK7CtXM57Q-9VHfhPg65DQrkHRayc-29M8eaFKdMPsyErXscZovp_cBX-Zfha9bUzB6SeQQsL8iWHQWrbYRuYTWzqGXEexyGMR0EbAk5t45TGw5Q0DWvRuGSz-KkdM0rYk51DPbHu2RoD8aWM/s1024/Texas%20Bush%20Katydid%20stepping%20to%20new%20plant%20Kingsbury%209-6-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="1024" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkiiF766iSmxtqzexH2WESSvkYzHTG6GwnqhwC0DE0n7yK7CtXM57Q-9VHfhPg65DQrkHRayc-29M8eaFKdMPsyErXscZovp_cBX-Zfha9bUzB6SeQQsL8iWHQWrbYRuYTWzqGXEexyGMR0EbAk5t45TGw5Q0DWvRuGSz-KkdM0rYk51DPbHu2RoD8aWM/w640-h396/Texas%20Bush%20Katydid%20stepping%20to%20new%20plant%20Kingsbury%209-6-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p style="text-align: left;"> <span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><i><span><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Texas Bush Katydid (Scudderia texensis)</span> </span></i></span></span></p></div><p><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1163964799&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/texas-bush-katydid-very-close-70-degrees" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Texas Bush Katydid night song">Texas Bush Katydid night song</a></div>
<p> </p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Where were the <i>Scudderia</i>? Was something happening to
the most prominent members of this genus? </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">How should I document my aural observations? <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I didn’t expect to see or hear many Oblong-winged Katydids
because they were quite abundant last year. It seems that a year of abundance
is typically followed by a year of scarcity, so I wasn’t overly concerned. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmcW53sjEp9__atycBzBTOeInLyBx3veVYa2Bm7l0JxpX2MKo99ViBFoFngFfwyTj9-bCtlAdZqP8vmuF1ZzyC186IYy2PvraJmdxvHgCT1p0wBAIM2F4vgeHmtgd-WdvshqHw1uzRXuSSVbrR4oI-LSBgIfC8ZuxWji7PQUjLsDcEUCLvlnD-TD7vJM/s1024/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20emerges%20from%20the%20vegetation%20Morgan%20Park%208-2-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="837" data-original-width="1024" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGmcW53sjEp9__atycBzBTOeInLyBx3veVYa2Bm7l0JxpX2MKo99ViBFoFngFfwyTj9-bCtlAdZqP8vmuF1ZzyC186IYy2PvraJmdxvHgCT1p0wBAIM2F4vgeHmtgd-WdvshqHw1uzRXuSSVbrR4oI-LSBgIfC8ZuxWji7PQUjLsDcEUCLvlnD-TD7vJM/w640-h524/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20emerges%20from%20the%20vegetation%20Morgan%20Park%208-2-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div> <i> <span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;">Oblong-winged Katydid (Amblycorypha oblongifolia)</span></span></i><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Their little cousins, the Rattler Round-winged Katydids, are not very common in my area – at
least not now. I did see and hear more of them several years ago, but now I’m
surprised and pleased when I encounter them. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9fSeW73cMLW6-XkW1SkosTkdalbN7TDFhexFDkKS7oxodcm1XGXaEC_KlHjke8EMYpCw7oMdEUCR89nMrdNURhDcFaCyRXOeq-LuBzU0zYBuSiSwFNeaBYhMPR3Z4dqEyCGhiLDaRhYhGx7gJV5NmRNNJYK5V9M3UpF0eJNty21ZJNOkYQEFC31A9Qgs/s1024/Rattler%20Round-winged%20Katydid%20male1%20Chagrin%20River%20Park%207-21-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="691" data-original-width="1024" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9fSeW73cMLW6-XkW1SkosTkdalbN7TDFhexFDkKS7oxodcm1XGXaEC_KlHjke8EMYpCw7oMdEUCR89nMrdNURhDcFaCyRXOeq-LuBzU0zYBuSiSwFNeaBYhMPR3Z4dqEyCGhiLDaRhYhGx7gJV5NmRNNJYK5V9M3UpF0eJNty21ZJNOkYQEFC31A9Qgs/w640-h432/Rattler%20Round-winged%20Katydid%20male1%20Chagrin%20River%20Park%207-21-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p> <i>Rattler Round-winged Katydid </i>(<i>Amblycorypha rotundifolia</i>)</p><p><br /> <i>Recording of the Rattler Round-winged Katydid followed by the Oblong-winged Katydid </i><br /></p><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/418737280&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/rattler-round-winged-katydid-and-oblong-winged-katydid-comparison" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Rattler Round-winged Katydid and Oblong-winged Katydid comparison">Rattler Round-winged Katydid and Oblong-winged Katydid comparison</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Meadow katydids did not seem to be as impacted, nor did the Greater Angle-wings up in the trees. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM9KwPpuiwXR_6IYuFwoGEOkgF3q2Sy_GYhq6PjrjlBOot00Hcg1DzkMODYMdCUTnHB8vejoc0v_DDkheZCq8mqAnh5V6sjklIBB9Fh4nkJEUvY1O3K6pROIHB4pyrW5dAg1zAMtOerouPtz-pXJpA93yCDbRGyCgfwHuGxJsFizmINN8OOYm2iKov2bE/s1024/Greater%20Anglewing%20about%20to%20fly%20from%20Wendy's%20finger%20Montford%208-28-16%204147x2879.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="711" data-original-width="1024" height="444" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM9KwPpuiwXR_6IYuFwoGEOkgF3q2Sy_GYhq6PjrjlBOot00Hcg1DzkMODYMdCUTnHB8vejoc0v_DDkheZCq8mqAnh5V6sjklIBB9Fh4nkJEUvY1O3K6pROIHB4pyrW5dAg1zAMtOerouPtz-pXJpA93yCDbRGyCgfwHuGxJsFizmINN8OOYm2iKov2bE/w640-h444/Greater%20Anglewing%20about%20to%20fly%20from%20Wendy's%20finger%20Montford%208-28-16%204147x2879.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Greater Angle-wing</i> (<i>Microcentrum rhombifolium</i>)</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></div><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/349080608&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/greater-anglewing-tzit-calls-and-tic-tic-tic-song" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Greater Anglewing "tzit" calls and "tic-tic-tic" song">Greater Anglewing "tzit" calls and "tic-tic-tic" song</a></div><p><i> </i><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">It was the bush katydids' unexpectedly low numbers that were troubling to me.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Fortunately, most of the tree crickets filled the meadows
and woodland edges with their August and September choruses, though they, too,
were later than expected. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKxH64GB9uhZfqPotsnvyg3Pv4PLN-dfZNKn-ViYQ4cHquy-BwquC0ae9yzDoWvm6FjCFA2IEnMR6OIgym4AQrJfEpcqtS6AcoabTLcVI-FmKMc8uAJSyJyPeZSnOwm-feKjxGCKZ9uFBAQQRqEnrLwejuKak6mYZoAZbED1B-vBXXZ_BhJZD0sboW5Zs/s974/Snowy%20Tree%20Cricket2%20Montford%208-29-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="974" data-original-width="898" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKxH64GB9uhZfqPotsnvyg3Pv4PLN-dfZNKn-ViYQ4cHquy-BwquC0ae9yzDoWvm6FjCFA2IEnMR6OIgym4AQrJfEpcqtS6AcoabTLcVI-FmKMc8uAJSyJyPeZSnOwm-feKjxGCKZ9uFBAQQRqEnrLwejuKak6mYZoAZbED1B-vBXXZ_BhJZD0sboW5Zs/w590-h640/Snowy%20Tree%20Cricket2%20Montford%208-29-17.JPG" width="590" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Snowy Tree Cricket </i>(<i>Oecanthus fultoni</i>) <i>in our backyard. They, too, </i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> were late to mature. </span></span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/102208481&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/iqoejtcdilyw" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Snowy Tree Cricket, Cleveland Heights, OH">Snowy Tree Cricket, Cleveland Heights, OH</a></div> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Ground Crickets, Fall Field Crickets, and Jumping Bush Crickets were not a concern, nor were the Handsome Trigs and Say’s Trigs.
</span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
Once they all matured, the missing songs were less apparent and the choruses sounded reassuringly complete.</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBTsluWaY9lw0nXblCHjjuae0BC3ZKb5No2uVAuktyTP8spgMS9UKt6rn30CIpQyYMZTYrJ_J9CadLokJ2q9X_AYc7e3uryFQg0O-zh8-ikuG8qn7-At-04LDgA43OteMjVvljo1ZA1mfoGkU6TPCbjRFLEF-L3Bn-j0aQkfYK7XYAInHV_4KUTABNBUg/s1024/Jumping%20Bush%20Cricket%20singing%20in%20a%20leaf1%20North%20Chagrin%209-16-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1021" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBTsluWaY9lw0nXblCHjjuae0BC3ZKb5No2uVAuktyTP8spgMS9UKt6rn30CIpQyYMZTYrJ_J9CadLokJ2q9X_AYc7e3uryFQg0O-zh8-ikuG8qn7-At-04LDgA43OteMjVvljo1ZA1mfoGkU6TPCbjRFLEF-L3Bn-j0aQkfYK7XYAInHV_4KUTABNBUg/w638-h640/Jumping%20Bush%20Cricket%20singing%20in%20a%20leaf1%20North%20Chagrin%209-16-17.JPG" width="638" /></a></p><p></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Jumping Bush Cricket </i>(<i>Orocharis saltator</i>)</span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/371434034&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/jumping-bush-cricket-on-back-porch-trellis-9-28-15" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Jumping Bush Cricket On Back Porch Trellis">Jumping Bush Cricket On Back Porch Trellis</a></div>
</span><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99tcDgoH7f3gOoKny9fyr94XuW-IOW1Kb-EDbvfmu-U2Q11fvD0lrz4WwfmZkag66YiAAuvHqQ1gjkPgfexuBj8G8-arH1NHQEP6USrTgkLD12VDCEjxVDPIGP-DmDRAlzjRSTxZMfT7a5oj3W6Zsk2CZJtM5zenWzLy18IowVFhaFukmUqBp4hyfR3k/s1024/Say's%20Trig3%20Breakneck%20Creek%208-20-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="791" data-original-width="1024" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99tcDgoH7f3gOoKny9fyr94XuW-IOW1Kb-EDbvfmu-U2Q11fvD0lrz4WwfmZkag66YiAAuvHqQ1gjkPgfexuBj8G8-arH1NHQEP6USrTgkLD12VDCEjxVDPIGP-DmDRAlzjRSTxZMfT7a5oj3W6Zsk2CZJtM5zenWzLy18IowVFhaFukmUqBp4hyfR3k/w640-h494/Say's%20Trig3%20Breakneck%20Creek%208-20-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i> </i></span><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Says Trig (Anaxypha exigua)</span></span></i></p><p><i><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/333234377&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></i></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I realized I was beginning to create two categories of observations:</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">All
the katydid and cricket species in my region seemed to mature later than usual, and some very much so. I’ve talked with a number of naturalists who are knowledgeable about other insects and who noticed similar delays. I also heard reports of various plants being late as well. I know when to expect to hear my region's singing insects, but now I may need to think through some more specific documentation.<br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">What factors may have caused this delay
across species? As I noted in “Unsettled Summer," NE Ohio
had three consecutive weeks in May with no rain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This never happens in the greater Cleveland
region. September was also very dry, yet July had considerably more rainfall. Violent storms, including numerous tornados, occurred even in the greater
Cleveland area on two consecutive days in August. A significant amount of storm
damage resulted - especially to trees - even within Cleveland's city limits. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The absence
of some of the expected singers within seasonal and habitat ensembles was more disturbing
to me, as I worry that we could be seeing/hearing the first signs of losing particular
species.<span style="color: red;"> </span>As a human listener, it’s not only one species
that’s unexpectedly missing. That absence affects the overall sound and general sense of environmental well-being
I experience when a group of katydid and cricket species sings
together in their seasonal ensembles.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> I have been listening to climate change in NE Ohio for years. This has meant hearing new songs (both
Orthopteran and avian) from farther south in Ohio that gradually join those of the expected residents up here in NE Ohio. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">What I was hearing this year, however, was different. It was about absences.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6dkO90lw6hPeMHy_zMClluQU674SrFmSRcLTS34dVm7v2yCgaEyDlcv5YXWqFyG8y1G-t5r-zAPNa4XQkzetyBGZj5KjmcckKV1PRTXPFPxAYhw1tTleubouKsfs5Y8ERT_Evl9bga8mhmhfexnvJf9B_A2H-LQjbyigND_kMxSOkexYUuNpr6s1KA54/s1800/Curve-tailed%20female%20in%20bush%20clover1%20Holbrook%207-17-20R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1343" data-original-width="1800" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6dkO90lw6hPeMHy_zMClluQU674SrFmSRcLTS34dVm7v2yCgaEyDlcv5YXWqFyG8y1G-t5r-zAPNa4XQkzetyBGZj5KjmcckKV1PRTXPFPxAYhw1tTleubouKsfs5Y8ERT_Evl9bga8mhmhfexnvJf9B_A2H-LQjbyigND_kMxSOkexYUuNpr6s1KA54/w640-h478/Curve-tailed%20female%20in%20bush%20clover1%20Holbrook%207-17-20R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><i>Curve-tailed Bush Katydid</i></span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> <i>I've included quite a few recordings in this post so you can match up the photos with the sounds. </i></span><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I’ll write more next summer about insect songs and
ensembles. In the meantime, you can look up all these crickets and katydids in my
online field guide, Listening to Insects at <a href="http://Listeningtoinsects.com">Listeningtoinsects.com</a>.</span></i></p>
<p> </p><br />Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-18212407160225619722023-08-19T12:08:00.002-04:002023-08-19T12:39:27.812-04:00A Slightly Musical Surprise<p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglDcX3RUTOQrGjeA-m-_PDmFZ1kEVOQDSlOLD2Sew4on1eWyxgmJuTO3LerD7SvVl-d8YX_i95QYs5DtihKvs6eOo-Cd0g3MqvCtmK5MH9UIB6TGNtzqSBQCXXIEx2sbS00whHF9LBMo5adyLgRgXmC_yNgGrrGyew-ELT4hF-vMZy-iSz9AFpfXtEyJw/s2100/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20cover%20photo2%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1755" data-original-width="2100" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglDcX3RUTOQrGjeA-m-_PDmFZ1kEVOQDSlOLD2Sew4on1eWyxgmJuTO3LerD7SvVl-d8YX_i95QYs5DtihKvs6eOo-Cd0g3MqvCtmK5MH9UIB6TGNtzqSBQCXXIEx2sbS00whHF9LBMo5adyLgRgXmC_yNgGrrGyew-ELT4hF-vMZy-iSz9AFpfXtEyJw/w640-h534/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20cover%20photo2%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Where should I explore this summer and early fall? </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I’m not doing a survey of a specific location, but instead will
be revisiting some of the places I’ve studied in the past to see and hear what’s
similar and different. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I decided to start with Frohring Meadows in the Geauga County
Park District. I love its wide-open meadows, its wetland, and all that sky
above me. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I decided to walk the trail that encircles the wetland.
Singing insects continued to be later than expected, but the Sword-bearing Coneheads
were well established, and both the Gladiator Meadow Katydids and Broad-winged
Bush Katydids were still singing. </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">As I walked the part of the trail closest to the water, I
heard something puzzling. It was a very rhythmic song that was rather like a
zzzit – zzzit – zzzit that seemed to be closer to the bulrushes. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It wasn’t the Striped
Ground Crickets, and the songs were too short and precise to be right for a Least
Shieldback (a species that does appear at Frohring and at least two other
Geauga parks). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">It reminded me of a Slightly Musical Conehead, which is not
a species that would be in the NE Ohio snowbelt. I’d heard – and photographed –
one many years ago at Burton Wetlands (also in the Geauga Park District) but
had no idea why it might have been there.</span></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1595861874&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/striped-least-shieldback-slightly-musical-conehead-comparison" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Striped Least Shieldback Slightly Musical Conehead Comparison">Striped Least Shieldback Slightly Musical Conehead Comparison</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I did have other experiences with this species elsewhere –
at Kinnikinnick Fen in the Ross County Park District (southern Ohio) and the quite
unexpected and large population I discovered in the Magee Marsh area very close
to the Lake Erie shore in NW Ohio. You can read about that interesting
discovery here:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhycEYZQJEedb-T9c1YVbeTRAomfHe6irH_zeYTf1g-O7eCs7bespotEQm-oNfNVUZ9Gd7BgONQBkphxpuXqklh1940p_E5tw8rBGDly6rnXcEauG1DX6uV7mC_RCsG2WVzWM_ybjhl8hr_XdDlBBum4sZVq5yoAeDZM3cfKgCbAisK7GnXquWLdlyPiVU/s1024/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead2%20Magee%20Marsh%208-18-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="895" data-original-width="1024" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhycEYZQJEedb-T9c1YVbeTRAomfHe6irH_zeYTf1g-O7eCs7bespotEQm-oNfNVUZ9Gd7BgONQBkphxpuXqklh1940p_E5tw8rBGDly6rnXcEauG1DX6uV7mC_RCsG2WVzWM_ybjhl8hr_XdDlBBum4sZVq5yoAeDZM3cfKgCbAisK7GnXquWLdlyPiVU/w400-h350/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead2%20Magee%20Marsh%208-18-15.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><p><i> Slightly Musical Conehead, Magee Marsh, NW Ohio on Lake Erie. </i></p><p><i><span> </span><span> </span>Notice his long, black cone and the cone of the Slightly Musical Conehead below..</i><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwMJOXidzYfICjbLkqW0qdU5xKf6xdtM33F_ImsU1J1lV4p5Cl2jT9Gx2qcbQxitrR1q0TACMmjQaJD51JV-DP_OGTQQqR5i7UbaFzwOtbwF1nx9QduGMZJ3Z9qCRswPFHyzxG3SSILP_FhXs2Q0R4NTImb4OWD2T0fs8WUz2W6Z6o14uWY7AZ3UPoUS4/s1024/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead's%20very%20long%20cone%20Buzzard's%20Roost%208-9-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="989" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwMJOXidzYfICjbLkqW0qdU5xKf6xdtM33F_ImsU1J1lV4p5Cl2jT9Gx2qcbQxitrR1q0TACMmjQaJD51JV-DP_OGTQQqR5i7UbaFzwOtbwF1nx9QduGMZJ3Z9qCRswPFHyzxG3SSILP_FhXs2Q0R4NTImb4OWD2T0fs8WUz2W6Z6o14uWY7AZ3UPoUS4/w386-h400/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead's%20very%20long%20cone%20Buzzard's%20Roost%208-9-19.JPG" width="386" /></a></div><br /><i>Slightly Musical Conehead, brown form. Kinnikinnik Fen, Ross County Park District, OH</i><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV3QDXJJhNbEVllx09Pvr4ugTfONb3MDMmsgeRmppxEgGo6eO3SxId1K2FBSfiAu5dhAvprwULjN5hAEyHAe972ORAHMUl5nDKR_uTBQUSGfMklDkB17pEUsm5XMGavphUBOINcmwARkAqyaSJruwues5lplNCNjNGWaKc0Ap9YBEDP3aWPXGRwN7iiv0/s400/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20range%20map.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="364" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV3QDXJJhNbEVllx09Pvr4ugTfONb3MDMmsgeRmppxEgGo6eO3SxId1K2FBSfiAu5dhAvprwULjN5hAEyHAe972ORAHMUl5nDKR_uTBQUSGfMklDkB17pEUsm5XMGavphUBOINcmwARkAqyaSJruwues5lplNCNjNGWaKc0Ap9YBEDP3aWPXGRwN7iiv0/w364-h400/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20range%20map.gif" width="364" /></a></div><p><i> From Singing Insects of North America. This is a southern Ohio species. The two black dots at the top of the state are the Slightly Musical Conehead population I discovered at Magee Marsh and the Slightly Musical Conehead I found at Burton Wetlands. I wonder where else they might be?</i><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">But Frohring Meadows? This is a created wetland in a park I
know quite well…</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhefrQLrse22THq5Y4eaT7_zFghkPsEZdJRW3rypIGm7hfujJILAFbMi9rwgbXqmdOtvBif3C6K2sGtBUNvZzVFRKn5D60i3ce9tViyYr-PGOpkC6nRoeXDVyVBAPU7AzySsX1Ji3_3lWdS1g2lwoSNvUiRf9235BbZflg2OMjewbkIJLhmiftbnJ8h5t8/s2200/Frohring%20wetland%20at%20dusk%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1650" data-original-width="2200" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhefrQLrse22THq5Y4eaT7_zFghkPsEZdJRW3rypIGm7hfujJILAFbMi9rwgbXqmdOtvBif3C6K2sGtBUNvZzVFRKn5D60i3ce9tViyYr-PGOpkC6nRoeXDVyVBAPU7AzySsX1Ji3_3lWdS1g2lwoSNvUiRf9235BbZflg2OMjewbkIJLhmiftbnJ8h5t8/w640-h480/Frohring%20wetland%20at%20dusk%208-5-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <i>Edge of Frohring Meadows wetland. I could hear coneheads in there...somewhere...</i><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">I couldn’t tell exactly where the singer was located. It
almost seemed there was more than one. But Slightly Musical Coneheads “chorus”
– they sing in unison as if they were an ensemble - <span> </span>making it difficult for mere humans to tell
where exactly the sound may originate.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">I made a recording of the closest invisible singer and sent
it to Wil Hershberger. I knew what it sounded like, but being so out of range,
I wanted expert verification. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1595858505&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/slightly-musical-conehead-frohring-8-3-23" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Slightly Musical Conehead Frohring 8-3-23">Slightly Musical Conehead Frohring 8-3-23</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Will said it was definitely a Slightly Musical Conehead. <i>Neoconocephalus
exiliscanorus</i>. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Time to go photograph one for further documentation! Of
course, that was easy to proclaim and much more challenging to accomplish. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">I knew I needed assistance and I also knew the best person
to ask: Geauga Park District naturalist Linda Gilbert. </span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiidn3fl-rC5jXV-e97YS68i6ji5LgSpLQ9jEP8CMBPMtTkawM3lTBT-wwwsCQcyPM6_3wpU-g-ObslL91ZiJiPzoEuUjlYPBmm_XP4IqJ3JW-f_RP3lLXvKCHcPxbnB1i6VW4EQqSV-bhE5-WURCVdzqhVU-UVVw97HCS7hlPh2lwryaNiAtAYX3QSXYQ/s1280/Linda%20on%20Mt.%20Methane%206-8-17-1.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiidn3fl-rC5jXV-e97YS68i6ji5LgSpLQ9jEP8CMBPMtTkawM3lTBT-wwwsCQcyPM6_3wpU-g-ObslL91ZiJiPzoEuUjlYPBmm_XP4IqJ3JW-f_RP3lLXvKCHcPxbnB1i6VW4EQqSV-bhE5-WURCVdzqhVU-UVVw97HCS7hlPh2lwryaNiAtAYX3QSXYQ/w400-h300/Linda%20on%20Mt.%20Methane%206-8-17-1.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> These coneheads are quite impressive. They have the longest “cone”
of any of our coneheads and it’s entirely black. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKuoCd3hb2949vIsPPnPZ6f8YGp1CT8LExWIUhzCg5fGgvzOp1YdSEiOm306nTC2k6rTZxVGXLjOor0NVBV2294K5yAV2nBZa5PWCaHmKtGLcKHNtZ1vLuXTTfdV_cfY4wvD5YLlPxxb5_GIOFHjYOF2UtiDkrN74IdXTDI0ag0_tyj9kxqjx5r-duK3A/s2000/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20cone%20more%20visibleFrohring%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1769" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKuoCd3hb2949vIsPPnPZ6f8YGp1CT8LExWIUhzCg5fGgvzOp1YdSEiOm306nTC2k6rTZxVGXLjOor0NVBV2294K5yAV2nBZa5PWCaHmKtGLcKHNtZ1vLuXTTfdV_cfY4wvD5YLlPxxb5_GIOFHjYOF2UtiDkrN74IdXTDI0ag0_tyj9kxqjx5r-duK3A/w566-h640/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20cone%20more%20visibleFrohring%208-5-23R.jpg" width="566" /></a></div><p></p><p><br /><span style="font-size: medium;">They’re also larger than our Sword-bearing
Coneheads. Surely, we’d be able to locate one, especially since my shotgun
microphone could show us exactly where one would be singing.</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">And, of course, it wasn’t that easy. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCkPWIHG_5Y_Nzf6rrViwsNMffyiui2dTqane5oX8k7U5Rh5KZqi7X-AhXrDmjmAbV6sEvp9TE3DKFjGeFjKpb5w5sty7vaHYOx_z6bjByyCVvnBqjObxfMysiVeyFH4cS93rQsNFwAek_DiIEe6jOoE5V0CaszlzjtIARBRpNYb5uVSFicKe4meiFIFE/s1800/Lisa%20in%20bulrushes%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="1350" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCkPWIHG_5Y_Nzf6rrViwsNMffyiui2dTqane5oX8k7U5Rh5KZqi7X-AhXrDmjmAbV6sEvp9TE3DKFjGeFjKpb5w5sty7vaHYOx_z6bjByyCVvnBqjObxfMysiVeyFH4cS93rQsNFwAek_DiIEe6jOoE5V0CaszlzjtIARBRpNYb5uVSFicKe4meiFIFE/w480-h640/Lisa%20in%20bulrushes%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><i><span style="font-size: small;"> Yes. I'm in there. Do you see the tiny spot of light from my headlamp? Photo: Linda Gilbert</span></i><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">It seemed they were not as high up in the bulrushes and
other vegetation as I would have thought, so they were likely blending well in
denser growth. But then…Linda looked down and there was a conehead…<i>right
there!</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9Oueu44DxLzf-WGjtY4ESmFr1piPnpOxFF1WqRQ7euox96iY9zbnqhGV7D_hUY3S17pi8MQC9_QsqVDgGo2oETNlBFj99PQLJPRZoJT_z8vQfpXthDhxDBplEFF6Hom6rgd-j4CfaEvM2zl3vPidBQnko4WEDmLjshHDQSs8gzh4lSkjzh6hoF0msZY/s1800/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20legs%20out%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1752" data-original-width="1800" height="622" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ9Oueu44DxLzf-WGjtY4ESmFr1piPnpOxFF1WqRQ7euox96iY9zbnqhGV7D_hUY3S17pi8MQC9_QsqVDgGo2oETNlBFj99PQLJPRZoJT_z8vQfpXthDhxDBplEFF6Hom6rgd-j4CfaEvM2zl3vPidBQnko4WEDmLjshHDQSs8gzh4lSkjzh6hoF0msZY/w640-h622/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20legs%20out%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></i></div><i><br /></i><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">Our conehead was not interested in posing out in the open
for us, but we both managed to obtain documentation photos without losing our
footing in the marsh. We were so pleased!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1595864481&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"> <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/slightly-musical-conehead-8-5-23" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Slightly Musical Conehead 8-5-23">Slightly Musical Conehead 8-5-23</a></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"> </div><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUnpR7cJxaj7MRFIFDje81bVVOieF7vnQmJZzTkgx4whplMjMz4uCbgYmjb7Kk2iObimf0ympYD1LZsLzaNJ9qK3PF36rKkQd1wa59Eg5IJI1pX9Rd-xUnLLzuiofQWcabry2ZmblBjoAqp0J5TGQh6K23yDcvE4R-GUho_AQrNwMnjBN0yrxlv-jCvI/s1800/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20close2%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1704" data-original-width="1800" height="606" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXUnpR7cJxaj7MRFIFDje81bVVOieF7vnQmJZzTkgx4whplMjMz4uCbgYmjb7Kk2iObimf0ympYD1LZsLzaNJ9qK3PF36rKkQd1wa59Eg5IJI1pX9Rd-xUnLLzuiofQWcabry2ZmblBjoAqp0J5TGQh6K23yDcvE4R-GUho_AQrNwMnjBN0yrxlv-jCvI/w640-h606/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20close2%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><i>(All Slightly Musical Conehead photos are the Frohring Meadows individual e</i><i>xcept the two examples from Kinnikinnick and Magee Marsh.</i><i>)</i></p><p></p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">I’ve been back since then, of course, but I haven’t actually
seen another individual. I can tell by walking and listening that there are
more Slightly Musical Coneheads than I thought. I wonder how they got there and
how long they’ve been establishing themselves in that wetland?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">If I weren’t listening, we wouldn’t even know those coneheads
are there!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gsChzLVdDg1RcVUzmuw194iZG9GdjzEHOKV9w3C5HgS8JJv3gCXKOzb999Ww1pPWMQv8vQa58PO1amMwWVEPuDzachJlp25pMhNKMJCjKH-I9XncKYpOKdiBrppUbeMwrLLvH0l8ZFo5zCVFMLqSycLapJcFxmR_6G9Ech1ak8HQ9Q5ORmtZFx5BaGU/s1800/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20hiding%20in%20bulrushes%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1377" data-original-width="1800" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gsChzLVdDg1RcVUzmuw194iZG9GdjzEHOKV9w3C5HgS8JJv3gCXKOzb999Ww1pPWMQv8vQa58PO1amMwWVEPuDzachJlp25pMhNKMJCjKH-I9XncKYpOKdiBrppUbeMwrLLvH0l8ZFo5zCVFMLqSycLapJcFxmR_6G9Ech1ak8HQ9Q5ORmtZFx5BaGU/w640-h490/Slightly%20Musical%20Conehead%20hiding%20in%20bulrushes%20Frohring%208-5-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /> </p><p class="MsoNormal"> For more information on Slightly Musical Coneheads, you can visit Wil Hershberger's online Songs of Insects at <a href="http://songsofinsects.com/katydids/slightly-musical-conehead">http://songsofinsects.com/katydids/slightly-musical-conehead</a>.</p><p class="MsoNormal">See also Singing Insects of North America at <a href="https://orthsoc.org/sina/197a.htm">https://orthsoc.org/sina/197a.htm</a></p><p class="MsoNormal">Naturalist Carl Strang has found then in the Chicago region as well. <a href="https://natureinquiries.wordpress.com/2017/10/01/slightly-musical-coneheads-extend-west/">https://natureinquiries.wordpress.com/2017/10/01/slightly-musical-coneheads-extend-west/</a> <br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">I see that I'll need to add a page to my online field guide, <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/">https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/</a> as these splendid katydids continue to move north into NE Ohio. <br /></p>
Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-20381630735738373632023-08-08T19:57:00.033-04:002023-08-09T12:49:34.518-04:00Unsettled Summer<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS7e-rSWQvIvRCjvftNv8qxfvLsCOQMelxSSEwD3KSMSDnAoWxynFRa9loKsb7ZpNUznibpPHCQyCSYFMvix36SZd4a7IgyBjJ0hXJwDg07gsldHIN8bPW-YL7rm4hr01ant9I5A8lho5eBquuuOhsdMLY808PrIfhqXyUdnwhMbKYuMykQY27I-7UPtQ/s1800/Wood%20chips%20on%20path%207-4-21%20horizontal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1800" height="493" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjS7e-rSWQvIvRCjvftNv8qxfvLsCOQMelxSSEwD3KSMSDnAoWxynFRa9loKsb7ZpNUznibpPHCQyCSYFMvix36SZd4a7IgyBjJ0hXJwDg07gsldHIN8bPW-YL7rm4hr01ant9I5A8lho5eBquuuOhsdMLY808PrIfhqXyUdnwhMbKYuMykQY27I-7UPtQ/w634-h493/Wood%20chips%20on%20path%207-4-21%20horizontal.jpg" width="634" /></a></div><i> </i><br /><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">It was a strange – and increasingly unsettling – transition
from spring into summer this year, and August’s approach toward early autumn
already feels rushed. <span style="color: #c00000;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">May was unlike any I can remember. There was no rain for
three weeks, and as a native Clevelander I can testify this simply does not
happen here. As the lush, new growth of May gradually became increasingly
stressed, what were the implications for the insects? And the birds? I dragged
out the hoses and sprinkler for our miniature woodland understory backyard as I
might do in August.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwpiW1n-tHpKYvablCuZgGmgXWhTqW-zH25830sDI4gKQb9jKQYXLDeSgNQJjmS8j5SUvfgf81xq9dH8S8CEfnrJidhkKdGdrLXKGbZ8azv-MOej0ol32EFH9Be46wD7G8s47-NgTNDQ-tnfIJILdLkStSptNczlYorxBPiIlYNvJWhkjynIIXbJ_ugMw/s1800/Lisa%20working%20in%20the%20backyard%20woodland%206-12-21R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="1236" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwpiW1n-tHpKYvablCuZgGmgXWhTqW-zH25830sDI4gKQb9jKQYXLDeSgNQJjmS8j5SUvfgf81xq9dH8S8CEfnrJidhkKdGdrLXKGbZ8azv-MOej0ol32EFH9Be46wD7G8s47-NgTNDQ-tnfIJILdLkStSptNczlYorxBPiIlYNvJWhkjynIIXbJ_ugMw/w440-h640/Lisa%20working%20in%20the%20backyard%20woodland%206-12-21R.jpg" width="440" /></a></div><i><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Our backyard is a tiny woodland understory</i><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">June couldn’t pretend that May never happened. Some of the
trees impacted by those very dry weeks in May lost leaves and were more
susceptible to storm damage. How did this affect the insects?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">By late June and into July, the wildfire smoke from Canada
arrived. There were no blue skies – only monochromatic gray without the distinction
of cloud shapes. Although our little bungalow is not air conditioned, we kept
all our windows closed. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The arrival of the smoke plumes occurred at exactly the
time I typically begin to watch and listen for the earliest singing insects. This
year, it became the first time I have ever
walked the beautiful meadows at night while wearing a KN95 mask. Sometimes I’d
briefly slip the mask down below my nose to hide my face in a large Queen
Anne’s lace flower or breathe in all the green around me, but the smoke declared
I could not pretend this was safe.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">How would these environmental factors impact the insects? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">It was time for the first Gladiator Meadow Katydids to
begin singing from thick-stemmed grasses, but their ascent to their stages was
delayed by at least a week. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht2uRrj-58Ev5Acmr-oXYUsxohfljWXp3ErKzUFk4iObzVbiPNJZYFZctRs4BJWJ6Vu5CTBL8wtshJwR2oOx_I8JGw1gkjL3_MgN9Pt1DQpFtZNPWIiPYou9ILdHX3N_V4J_LF7RavHD5OHTrcV0J34eFewaqL0PPCbF8CEuXg5tJrHMjO1HUJwV_qGAs/s1700/Gladiator%20Meadow%20Katydid%20male2%20Staples%20Meadows%207-11-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="1520" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht2uRrj-58Ev5Acmr-oXYUsxohfljWXp3ErKzUFk4iObzVbiPNJZYFZctRs4BJWJ6Vu5CTBL8wtshJwR2oOx_I8JGw1gkjL3_MgN9Pt1DQpFtZNPWIiPYou9ILdHX3N_V4J_LF7RavHD5OHTrcV0J34eFewaqL0PPCbF8CEuXg5tJrHMjO1HUJwV_qGAs/w572-h640/Gladiator%20Meadow%20Katydid%20male2%20Staples%20Meadows%207-11-20.jpg" width="572" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_dLkcBMkF_qtIx1pCvCKIMVmq2h8f0iXTUaiGkuiblcMp5-HxX46Bb56S7R1-NI8PQz5ormu09TQF66Nx1E7Xqiiy7bc4XF_lGUj-JM1IgVe-mngIm4FOfDm2HFFC18g93zob3KcR1u2DnqqTOI9NKZ8vK-4soO46_oteflGZG0i5YtHbZWD7vGvKocA/s1700/Gladiator%20Meadow%20Katydid%20female%20ovipositor%20Staples%20Meadow%207-11-20R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="1373" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_dLkcBMkF_qtIx1pCvCKIMVmq2h8f0iXTUaiGkuiblcMp5-HxX46Bb56S7R1-NI8PQz5ormu09TQF66Nx1E7Xqiiy7bc4XF_lGUj-JM1IgVe-mngIm4FOfDm2HFFC18g93zob3KcR1u2DnqqTOI9NKZ8vK-4soO46_oteflGZG0i5YtHbZWD7vGvKocA/w516-h640/Gladiator%20Meadow%20Katydid%20female%20ovipositor%20Staples%20Meadow%207-11-20R.jpg" width="516" /></a></div></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><i>Gladiator Meadow Katydid male and female, 7-10-20 Geauga County</i></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><i><br /></i></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865040743&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gladiators-ne-geauga-county-7-11-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gladiator Meadow Katydids, Geauga Park District">Gladiator Meadow Katydids, Geauga Park District</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The appearance onstage of the Gladiators’ musical
partners – the Broad-winged Bush Katydids - was also late.<span style="color: red;"> </span>Would this pattern continue for each new arrival? </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdq4grcCL5QXmLyptumoNhxpMojDzwy7IhloeAdMPd8SNcNUgX2PSt5dCQDtjMqYS_43Hq2Q0ok9C-Jduk5eY_eKUnsI0gEiHy3u0va8btzDvEsXj2whySvGf3_Ml-Xfw1cIU5ipyuwAw34q703Y5JI1gZnzbDDxNt5uov1ZRlk2R-Q3EtypqORJf0v00/s1500/Broad-wingeed%20Bush%20Katydid%20female%20could%20be%20posing%20Frohring%207-11-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1340" data-original-width="1500" height="573" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdq4grcCL5QXmLyptumoNhxpMojDzwy7IhloeAdMPd8SNcNUgX2PSt5dCQDtjMqYS_43Hq2Q0ok9C-Jduk5eY_eKUnsI0gEiHy3u0va8btzDvEsXj2whySvGf3_Ml-Xfw1cIU5ipyuwAw34q703Y5JI1gZnzbDDxNt5uov1ZRlk2R-Q3EtypqORJf0v00/w640-h573/Broad-wingeed%20Bush%20Katydid%20female%20could%20be%20posing%20Frohring%207-11-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"><i>Broad-winged Bush Katydid female (above) and male (below). Frohring Meadows, Geauga Park District in NE Ohio. July 10-11, 2023<br /> </i></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHGx7s_7k4HUQHEbwxg38sER3qOVZXJOu3EqdNUEPkCdHPs1vydekYdqpXJzMXbRahgaJrB9ZyCap72yFkIuQ98J_1y0VsjnLP0m0Cg-FIyghc_i4C9AMHPj_TPyzwAuNsk4az9bsh2ll12Uy7uOqkSs0Dn7J309RzC1OvYO5GvgYPGA52z55cwPA3I4/s2000/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20Frohring%207-10-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1782" data-original-width="2000" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeHGx7s_7k4HUQHEbwxg38sER3qOVZXJOu3EqdNUEPkCdHPs1vydekYdqpXJzMXbRahgaJrB9ZyCap72yFkIuQ98J_1y0VsjnLP0m0Cg-FIyghc_i4C9AMHPj_TPyzwAuNsk4az9bsh2ll12Uy7uOqkSs0Dn7J309RzC1OvYO5GvgYPGA52z55cwPA3I4/w640-h570/Broad-winged%20Bush%20Katydid%20Frohring%207-10-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865033972&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-bush-katydid-and-gladiators-geauga-county-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged Bush Katydid and Gladiator Meadow Katydids">Broad - Winged Bush Katydid and Gladiator Meadow Katydids</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I always worry when singing insects are late. I realize they’ll
likely present their adult selves eventually, but what if conditions affect
their populations to the extent their stage doors remain locked? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The omnipresent Carolina Ground Cricket choruses in the front
and back yards were also behind schedule, and the silence was exceptionally worrisome.
Were they flooded out and washed away in one of the torrential downpours? These
little crickets are the continuo of the backyard ensemble, and their absence
was far more noticeable than their expected presence. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5B41CblyCvKbuXK3OxcYRV-qtQe-o9P_dy1izNt7U2FiFASkIL2pTCNBPkUvpsWMwOjNffFkWFl6U3roNlhhtN_iubw5j3RdRlJU_9u8JfshU2fGHb54by659MRrYTuuFkX-bSBwBCFMKhVR_XFE-NEMkLv5RePhijh2htelUlerDhrTKT2hGxqLzdwA/s1024/Carolina%20Ground%20Cricket1%20Montford%206-14-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1024" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5B41CblyCvKbuXK3OxcYRV-qtQe-o9P_dy1izNt7U2FiFASkIL2pTCNBPkUvpsWMwOjNffFkWFl6U3roNlhhtN_iubw5j3RdRlJU_9u8JfshU2fGHb54by659MRrYTuuFkX-bSBwBCFMKhVR_XFE-NEMkLv5RePhijh2htelUlerDhrTKT2hGxqLzdwA/w400-h343/Carolina%20Ground%20Cricket1%20Montford%206-14-15.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> Carolina Ground Crickets are very small, and they're much easier to hear than to find. </i></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Here's a fortunate photo I got of one.</i></span><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></div><div><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/210640756&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/carolina-ground-cricket-song" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Carolina Ground Cricket Song">Carolina Ground Cricket Song</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I was quite relieved when the Carolina Ground Crickets tentatively
began to sing, then gradually became a reassuring chorus. They remained the
only Orthopteran voices I heard well into the first week of August. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">In a typical late spring/early summer, I confess I laugh to
myself when people on Facebook and elsewhere annually declare an incipient
disaster when they do not hear crickets. They sound the alarm: <i>Where are the
crickets??!!</i> It’s May. Or it’s early June. There shouldn’t BE any mature crickets
yet! Unless they are Spring Field Crickets or Spring Trigs, (notice they have
the word “spring” in their names) there are no crickets that are anywhere close
to maturing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">But I know my singing insects, and I’m quite aware of their
approximate start dates.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I’ve been
recording this information for years. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">For example, I expect Sword-bearing Coneheads to join the
Gladiators and Broad-winged Bush Katydids any time from July 21, but all I
found were a few conehead nymphs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNjIWAM-uwjblTg-6JOW5vMkzwt--gaFSTPbHw3YpO3h_-EtsUNBG_1V-fk1WkWaE_kz3fs1G2wiqAgL86weQNLgWdQ1oIDagb9k1C7wGtooCDkQKRf_wgA5ruQKpkWInE2tM2GHRRBhrF4W7-zLX9mhUc3-Jn0UmtADQj1UyFl_zSBO9aOSCgmoam_w/s1500/Sword%20bearing%20Conehead%20Nymph2%20LEB%207-4-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1418" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitNjIWAM-uwjblTg-6JOW5vMkzwt--gaFSTPbHw3YpO3h_-EtsUNBG_1V-fk1WkWaE_kz3fs1G2wiqAgL86weQNLgWdQ1oIDagb9k1C7wGtooCDkQKRf_wgA5ruQKpkWInE2tM2GHRRBhrF4W7-zLX9mhUc3-Jn0UmtADQj1UyFl_zSBO9aOSCgmoam_w/w379-h400/Sword%20bearing%20Conehead%20Nymph2%20LEB%207-4-23R.jpg" width="379" /></a></div><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEM92zAvWHNCkYP6ahrTcxIEUqsUpeCGuuJq88qF-ZAIndvVrRJUiBl3mqguLdnhvf-TPD4p0gjdqt-hH4pr6aUkGARkRPdiCd2YWJv8aM6TlY8dAzb12ndHEN2BspgOYfUt4sL4F7-uSpLwhSiemTt6Ff9O4ymLTTDYTPiWp2AOmir053EHh1SBeTtCI/s1500/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20female%20nymph%20Frohring%207-11-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1369" data-original-width="1500" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEM92zAvWHNCkYP6ahrTcxIEUqsUpeCGuuJq88qF-ZAIndvVrRJUiBl3mqguLdnhvf-TPD4p0gjdqt-hH4pr6aUkGARkRPdiCd2YWJv8aM6TlY8dAzb12ndHEN2BspgOYfUt4sL4F7-uSpLwhSiemTt6Ff9O4ymLTTDYTPiWp2AOmir053EHh1SBeTtCI/w400-h365/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20female%20nymph%20Frohring%207-11-23R.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> <i>Sword-bearing Conehead nymphs, Frohring Meadows, Geauga Park District July 2023</i></span><i><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> As the end of July approached, the overdue debut of the
first Sword-bearing Conehead chorus finally arrived. I rejoiced! The
Sword-bearing Coneheads were singing in the meadows and parading up and down
their plant stems as one triumphant singer after another proclaimed his
perfection. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/102209544&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/yv6j7zsetdnb" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sword-bearing Conehead in a NE Ohio meadow at night">Sword-bearing Conehead in a NE Ohio meadow at night</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSstqQi_YDAQpV5ZjgGhzquQirylB4nZSKaTFwUZQaslil63TkFEUyErOA4xSVBwOAFo13FHUmNcUzTUfJisASrFqwZKk2ln0h7mdbmpHDsK-kussT7FcNGMaZMuwHJEFY7ptPFXA2Ea5VXylzTkFQ9jWIjENrOGlY_GDMudQXOgn-N0wOpHIJ6zPI3bc/s1500/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20moving%20down%20his%20stem%20Rogers%20Rd%208-3-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="1330" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSstqQi_YDAQpV5ZjgGhzquQirylB4nZSKaTFwUZQaslil63TkFEUyErOA4xSVBwOAFo13FHUmNcUzTUfJisASrFqwZKk2ln0h7mdbmpHDsK-kussT7FcNGMaZMuwHJEFY7ptPFXA2Ea5VXylzTkFQ9jWIjENrOGlY_GDMudQXOgn-N0wOpHIJ6zPI3bc/w568-h640/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20moving%20down%20his%20stem%20Rogers%20Rd%208-3-23R.jpg" width="568" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinCYGEIbzpSOQuaj_Lq3-tkWcrCOBTRvIGCr3uuNRrcl66PbqiMw11snAC2qjHucks9IdkZNAsKXOJrM_Rb20T2Abp6VMt4ZHUp-Isroy-Lnt_vb6smjDKXlbZSUSQ7BSus1oXpFDSsNJGgNgwc_-K2nDUOydLvmdzImpDqtxPFjkaZsiqSrRlmmxE-vo/s1500/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20in%20his%20grass%20seeds%20Rogers%20Rd%208-1-23R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1500" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinCYGEIbzpSOQuaj_Lq3-tkWcrCOBTRvIGCr3uuNRrcl66PbqiMw11snAC2qjHucks9IdkZNAsKXOJrM_Rb20T2Abp6VMt4ZHUp-Isroy-Lnt_vb6smjDKXlbZSUSQ7BSus1oXpFDSsNJGgNgwc_-K2nDUOydLvmdzImpDqtxPFjkaZsiqSrRlmmxE-vo/w640-h530/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20in%20his%20grass%20seeds%20Rogers%20Rd%208-1-23R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Sword-bearing Coneheads, North Chagrin Reservation, Cleveland Metroparks 8-1-23</i></span><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i><br /></i></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">But that alone was not enough to dispel my ongoing unease.
The big nights of newly maturing singing insects should have begun a week earlier
but still hadn’t occurred. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Was it the storms with t<u>orren</u>tial rains? Did the
high winds that sent us down into the basement for shelter rip the katydid and tree
cricket nymphs from their leafy tree and shrub branches? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">There were no Pine Tree Crickets singing in the Norway
spruce or the white pine, even though they’re typically the first tree cricket
species I hear. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiryi8SD8Ykg---3gM1G3DHyoe_K18krS1z8Xlab1F4ar8AKl799FAYzMAt_rbspeuIPfegpwNi6U6xrTAzUiwp_tjZMAH70JOasBkRGKtUcvfeuSQrTvY0P_LqGsWwspTs0_dKy3UEn3Eg_KY2rAlz0K-_6Dqksq22NsOtzoiPElguZS6jVcl-1gk9Si4/s987/Pine%20Tree%20Cricket%20on%20honeysuckle%20leaf4%20OHills%209-12-12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="987" height="370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiryi8SD8Ykg---3gM1G3DHyoe_K18krS1z8Xlab1F4ar8AKl799FAYzMAt_rbspeuIPfegpwNi6U6xrTAzUiwp_tjZMAH70JOasBkRGKtUcvfeuSQrTvY0P_LqGsWwspTs0_dKy3UEn3Eg_KY2rAlz0K-_6Dqksq22NsOtzoiPElguZS6jVcl-1gk9Si4/w640-h370/Pine%20Tree%20Cricket%20on%20honeysuckle%20leaf4%20OHills%209-12-12.JPG" width="640" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1588552219&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiryi8SD8Ykg---3gM1G3DHyoe_K18krS1z8Xlab1F4ar8AKl799FAYzMAt_rbspeuIPfegpwNi6U6xrTAzUiwp_tjZMAH70JOasBkRGKtUcvfeuSQrTvY0P_LqGsWwspTs0_dKy3UEn3Eg_KY2rAlz0K-_6Dqksq22NsOtzoiPElguZS6jVcl-1gk9Si4/s987/Pine%20Tree%20Cricket%20on%20honeysuckle%20leaf4%20OHills%209-12-12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/pine-tree-cricket-geauga-county-73-deg-8-7-12" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Pine Tree Cricket Geauga County 73 Deg 8 - 7-12">Pine Tree Cricket Geauga County 73 Deg 8 - 7-12</a></div>
</span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">The Common True Katydids should have been calling emphatically from
the oak trees with Snowy Tree Crickets singing below them in the large
flowering raspberry leaves and the backyard understory trees and shrubs. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrMFXX39u8vpgTaR9bryi3LLeqczBQzP8_pLWLiL4IXtktCdDAU_YjU_P_Gl-UHhF15kctUtGmXa8074XDHzG3kjRfasU8eKJif257SjiqnbeK6ucRVAyWs6ACsPN2ncnzZnXM7P3P5ONC6rHse1upuNyvEK9S1UZx_9fYc7abm2IByAZ2v3bvljlhxsk/s1024/Common%20True%20Katydid%20female%20nymph%20on%20porch%20ceiling%207-13-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrMFXX39u8vpgTaR9bryi3LLeqczBQzP8_pLWLiL4IXtktCdDAU_YjU_P_Gl-UHhF15kctUtGmXa8074XDHzG3kjRfasU8eKJif257SjiqnbeK6ucRVAyWs6ACsPN2ncnzZnXM7P3P5ONC6rHse1upuNyvEK9S1UZx_9fYc7abm2IByAZ2v3bvljlhxsk/w640-h426/Common%20True%20Katydid%20female%20nymph%20on%20porch%20ceiling%207-13-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>We don't see the adult Common True Katydids because they're up in the trees, but we periodically see the nymphs. This female on our front porch ceiling still had tiny wing buds <br /></i></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/420570136&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/common-true-katydid" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Common True Katydid">Common True Katydid</a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp8QoZlJ0nyjaXAHV6diH8G7Wgh4ZnHknzy9ZdYnh32vTiHOE1VhFPN2RoNz6OraPHbr4cy0NUnVeibAekvg5LRnJQTa5UC367UVcg3l7F3iNFsK28MzciIuEltTyApARnYaNo9136LdSn-UCzShxmButCg45wfU--tn7Tat4dm44TIXKwkOF51V5p28A/s1024/Common%20True%20Katydid%20sings%20from%20low%20perch1%20ELC%208-21-13.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="902" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp8QoZlJ0nyjaXAHV6diH8G7Wgh4ZnHknzy9ZdYnh32vTiHOE1VhFPN2RoNz6OraPHbr4cy0NUnVeibAekvg5LRnJQTa5UC367UVcg3l7F3iNFsK28MzciIuEltTyApARnYaNo9136LdSn-UCzShxmButCg45wfU--tn7Tat4dm44TIXKwkOF51V5p28A/w564-h640/Common%20True%20Katydid%20sings%20from%20low%20perch1%20ELC%208-21-13.JPG" width="564" /></a></i></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Above is a recording and photo of a singing adult at the Environmental
Learning Center in the Lake County Metroparks. Two of my program
participants were determined to locate him, and they eventually did! </i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i><br /></i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i></i></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoyiIj-j7FHrjYdfpaA6CbwEoWy7WiD9O6ArWLBehZgM_3_ywuAbFbGx9TMMJWEM4r1GT7Pi4BBh-wFT06zp7ovMvJPNs4DBDfJtHNH6oYTX4CW6YuRTYmbOUX__c7dC7tGdEOnf6AcwHApZawQksa7BnFyWAofMIlOGEG4qz03wvQNfSBUgy321wLFk8/s2172/Snowy%20Tree%20Cricket%20singing2%20full%20size%20Montford%208-4-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1885" data-original-width="2172" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoyiIj-j7FHrjYdfpaA6CbwEoWy7WiD9O6ArWLBehZgM_3_ywuAbFbGx9TMMJWEM4r1GT7Pi4BBh-wFT06zp7ovMvJPNs4DBDfJtHNH6oYTX4CW6YuRTYmbOUX__c7dC7tGdEOnf6AcwHApZawQksa7BnFyWAofMIlOGEG4qz03wvQNfSBUgy321wLFk8/w640-h556/Snowy%20Tree%20Cricket%20singing2%20full%20size%20Montford%208-4-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> Snowy Tree Cricket in our backyard. </i></span></span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/102208481&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/iqoejtcdilyw" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Snowy Tree Cricket, Cleveland Heights, OH">Snowy Tree Cricket, Cleveland Heights, OH</a></div>
</i></span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><br /><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I
would have expected the Two-spotted Tree Crickets to be screaming their
strident songs from the vines in the back of the yard and across the street,
outperforming the neighbors’ noisy window air conditioner as they do every year. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHoP5sRISjyT1vB7R0LSpSTegqbTpsnhXNmRNvmJc-u9PXLPxBCfzH7Mnfqx54yRjBbmFWYq80BwijoT5US_9hlztoGmLF46NdWbZfeonaVun3MjrpuZ9Qvtjf2_hrzQwJv1c05UW4IOPlZa1LDTgRlOx9CnNAx0GuusrkxP_82TTL9fS5oIBjr0aCzBM/s1525/Two-spotted%20TC%20singing%20in%20the%20back%20yard1%208-17-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1525" data-original-width="1429" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHoP5sRISjyT1vB7R0LSpSTegqbTpsnhXNmRNvmJc-u9PXLPxBCfzH7Mnfqx54yRjBbmFWYq80BwijoT5US_9hlztoGmLF46NdWbZfeonaVun3MjrpuZ9Qvtjf2_hrzQwJv1c05UW4IOPlZa1LDTgRlOx9CnNAx0GuusrkxP_82TTL9fS5oIBjr0aCzBM/w600-h640/Two-spotted%20TC%20singing%20in%20the%20back%20yard1%208-17-14.JPG" width="600" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>This Two-spotted tree Cricket was singing in the backyard. Notice the hole he has made in this leaf and that his head is protruding out through that hole. I wonder if that's why his songs are so loud...</i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1586367799&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/two-spotted-tree-cricket" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Two - Spotted Tree Cricket">Two - Spotted Tree Cricket</a></div>
</span><br /><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Narrow-winged Tree Crickets’ gently rhythmic songs would have begun to sing me
to sleep from the flowering dogwoods near the house. </span><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEFYKdZEcn1pLwvFIrzpPCbxtMHxJhYcyZGO9T1nVH0_WKPGieGQcMPBQ2jFbxRiQfc32qW8UVDKi7Mc18Wt5BjqKV2rILBxzCtR8qKfJ-94HMXbiIb5WyoyY9DRdMb6j3OKfsFqsKckjIuWGpPe4RUoVSiSeRpu9C0_KCqmadu8OWkxDSqkUIrt0KIw/s1850/Narrow-winged%20TC%20singing%20n%20bur%20oak%20Frohring2%202021.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKEFYKdZEcn1pLwvFIrzpPCbxtMHxJhYcyZGO9T1nVH0_WKPGieGQcMPBQ2jFbxRiQfc32qW8UVDKi7Mc18Wt5BjqKV2rILBxzCtR8qKfJ-94HMXbiIb5WyoyY9DRdMb6j3OKfsFqsKckjIuWGpPe4RUoVSiSeRpu9C0_KCqmadu8OWkxDSqkUIrt0KIw/w640-h426/Narrow-winged%20TC%20singing%20n%20bur%20oak%20Frohring2%202021.JPG" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Like most singing insects, tree crickets are easier to hear than to visually find! Narrow-winged Tree Crickets are no exception, but I occasionally can watch them in the backyard. I've been known to get up on a step ladder to get a better view. </i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961470100&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></i></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/narrow-winged-tree-cricket-singing-above-a-mating-pair" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Narrow - Winged Tree Cricket Singing Above a Mating Pair">Narrow - Winged Tree Cricket Singing Above a Mating Pair</a></i></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i>
</i></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />This is how our backyard should sound once all the singers mature!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1164229249&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/backyard-polyphony-9-4-08" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Backyard Polyphony 9 - 4-08">Backyard Polyphony 9 - 4-08</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I only heard the Carolina Ground Crickets and the wind. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/carolina-ground-crickets-and-wind-8-7-23" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Carolina Ground Crickets and wind evening 8-7-23">Carolina Ground Crickets and wind evening 8-7-23</a></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1587353427&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Even tonight – August <sup>7th</sup> – there are just two
or three Snowies, a Two-spotted, and one Narrow-winged Tree Cricket. For
the first time in 28 years, there are still no loud, raspy, insistent Common
True Katydid proclamations high up in the oaks.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">I hope my beloved singing insects are all just late, because
one of these years, my worries may not be an over-reaction. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg35DKhY9JyeA3Yw5muNRB_bmgyKUSt6xxa0T0s4lDcB_i5OkoJ2BMg6dvA4OEB9uCvBM1iX5hlHnLulKdce8FVpAjaAnvfZ8GbqBaCjeOk7US4Lv4gNU6Dkqy8UMXyR_5DO0ZZprvwW2KUXdwErKvsksFtWuDVPyq69E7fyzhR3KOlQuZ9IBbcHy5K-0M/s1800/Common%20True%20Katydid's%20leaflike%20wing%20Montford%208-29-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1428" data-original-width="1800" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg35DKhY9JyeA3Yw5muNRB_bmgyKUSt6xxa0T0s4lDcB_i5OkoJ2BMg6dvA4OEB9uCvBM1iX5hlHnLulKdce8FVpAjaAnvfZ8GbqBaCjeOk7US4Lv4gNU6Dkqy8UMXyR_5DO0ZZprvwW2KUXdwErKvsksFtWuDVPyq69E7fyzhR3KOlQuZ9IBbcHy5K-0M/w640-h508/Common%20True%20Katydid's%20leaflike%20wing%20Montford%208-29-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> Common True Katydid in our Cleveland Heights backyard, 2017</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></i><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p> </p></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-66687357723696197602022-10-19T19:38:00.008-04:002022-10-19T20:27:46.197-04:00Leaves with Stems and Leaves with Legs<div><p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWjbm3QAvzSniW6-goMUYOhRQOrRmVf-n8BMwAPmYcTqBHkctxlQ2uKx3ij5GiLyNJuxYsrhQjPjE_xaLc8VCWEAsHdX7TfsZjMsv29AFZKaMBEUORrDK4LXuHIX_KLGj2SPKPRkV-flQHL6kAbOkM8rwGW_shxsARDQA5eNchGIYzv1Dcjmw_N9_W/s2000/Oblong-winged%20revealed%20Rocky-River%208-2-22R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWjbm3QAvzSniW6-goMUYOhRQOrRmVf-n8BMwAPmYcTqBHkctxlQ2uKx3ij5GiLyNJuxYsrhQjPjE_xaLc8VCWEAsHdX7TfsZjMsv29AFZKaMBEUORrDK4LXuHIX_KLGj2SPKPRkV-flQHL6kAbOkM8rwGW_shxsARDQA5eNchGIYzv1Dcjmw_N9_W/w640-h426/Oblong-winged%20revealed%20Rocky-River%208-2-22R.JPG" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">My last post was introduced by Sword-bearing Coneheads and
included meadow katydids. Their concert halls are meadows and fields.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HQv7oeCeUFFt72pVNp69fI8jnU3J9xBNTEW-Rm36lfnPL5eB1fYbyLUTfmgztGoyS360KyCT--J7n-pI4WrKFO2-GBHTWD_pUX8kK4Rlx5icQWDTYa_ZeY4WE9jP22ci02JXhFv5Q4B5RZX7g8yfrbFKpGdgiLisQvj2peIeP-JS5CQ_TfZ3Rmbn/s1963/Observatory%20meadow%20at%20sunset%209-9-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1473" data-original-width="1963" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8HQv7oeCeUFFt72pVNp69fI8jnU3J9xBNTEW-Rm36lfnPL5eB1fYbyLUTfmgztGoyS360KyCT--J7n-pI4WrKFO2-GBHTWD_pUX8kK4Rlx5icQWDTYa_ZeY4WE9jP22ci02JXhFv5Q4B5RZX7g8yfrbFKpGdgiLisQvj2peIeP-JS5CQ_TfZ3Rmbn/w640-h480/Observatory%20meadow%20at%20sunset%209-9-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Tonight, we’re moving to a different habitat.
Imagine that our meadow trail is now leading us into the woods. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzPAsL5pKS4udPUfgexg-4teen9USCk7yMK0uNm-PfMMPpnQPxZBASITScl-ewuBNxOpZLqK7JIaQxHo2gggBNXloMpX6bJazzO5I7gs9e-2PlFV1feceT9FTTpi8NF0P9lY7ns_2BhFZFy_QyplWzPz5FvKrEu0oSZQHogE4or8o0VTv9MwpXX8L/s1904/Observatory%20understory%209-9-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1426" data-original-width="1904" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzPAsL5pKS4udPUfgexg-4teen9USCk7yMK0uNm-PfMMPpnQPxZBASITScl-ewuBNxOpZLqK7JIaQxHo2gggBNXloMpX6bJazzO5I7gs9e-2PlFV1feceT9FTTpi8NF0P9lY7ns_2BhFZFy_QyplWzPz5FvKrEu0oSZQHogE4or8o0VTv9MwpXX8L/w640-h480/Observatory%20understory%209-9-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It’s quite leafy in here, and there’s insect song. But from
where?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJo8HWZ_0EPyinmjVXsJJd2tE-GTEk8zsjiiK4bU4nOknlLHCu3RQ4KjbzL4uetsjCMYpLndb6Y7dJ7qDe7qpN_iyg_H4NITVD2Jihou3GoCxqcoJq1acZ5O0vQ3Y0qAcPQN--QzcTkcaO0H8HszMD-uSSTaNWUArLetKBqzLukGSh-kpVeslG0Ed/s1433/Leafy%20understory%209-9-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1077" data-original-width="1433" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcJo8HWZ_0EPyinmjVXsJJd2tE-GTEk8zsjiiK4bU4nOknlLHCu3RQ4KjbzL4uetsjCMYpLndb6Y7dJ7qDe7qpN_iyg_H4NITVD2Jihou3GoCxqcoJq1acZ5O0vQ3Y0qAcPQN--QzcTkcaO0H8HszMD-uSSTaNWUArLetKBqzLukGSh-kpVeslG0Ed/w640-h482/Leafy%20understory%209-9-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It's an Oblong-winged Katydid, <i>Amblycorypha
oblongifolia</i>, one of my absolute favorite katydids!</span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiTLxvRuWARLffe2oVwydxvtqp60Po77A5wt98xs9mlujTP6cbEVHGLIto5Le36y4wBhPDzjrqr-qC23GttfJXq_GKzBzJ4bE7D5nsK7ybvSuv4Fd2Y_T9DoVUJ9dPQbCP_j_GxKYvXkNJabt6Gy3cuTX6Rp3nSERstdK6MzFhHGhX_5hoknikDlzt/s5184/Oblong-winged%20returns%20home%20to%20Observatory%208-9-22.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiTLxvRuWARLffe2oVwydxvtqp60Po77A5wt98xs9mlujTP6cbEVHGLIto5Le36y4wBhPDzjrqr-qC23GttfJXq_GKzBzJ4bE7D5nsK7ybvSuv4Fd2Y_T9DoVUJ9dPQbCP_j_GxKYvXkNJabt6Gy3cuTX6Rp3nSERstdK6MzFhHGhX_5hoknikDlzt/w640-h426/Oblong-winged%20returns%20home%20to%20Observatory%208-9-22.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/889327969&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/oblong-winged-observatory-at-66f" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oblong - Winged Katydid, Observatory Park, Geauga Park District">Oblong - Winged Katydid, Observatory Park, Geauga Park District</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Just from this photo, you might guess that they would not
typically live in an open meadow or field. Did you notice how the wings resemble and blend with the leaves in the previous photo? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Listen – and look – for these katydids in woodlands and
edges. They won’t be high up in the trees, so you’ll have a reasonable chance
of seeing one if you pay attention to the understory. (Deer browse, however, is
a serious problem for many of our woodlands because of deer overpopulation.
Where the understory is still intact, there should be katydids and crickets.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Look closer at this Oblong-winged Katydid’s details,
starting with his head. It’s rounded, isn’t it? Compare this to a bush katydid
from the genus <i>Scudderia:</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i></i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizyM8YL69-UtP0MMoxsWlCMusjDKDHdF-TXHl6ILyOpQUVgjCGv6WSKYQfjPdSo19cBS-NhcxXG10b5lDmvNQPBx51bP5k_6sjU8af_9J-eFYioY4S1oY2Ke_ihOcu-DPys4260pDyw-CctU0SgceuRekmwYeppU8jueDsXfVW9ac_ceRFWjmXs1eG/s632/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20male%20round%20head.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="518" data-original-width="632" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizyM8YL69-UtP0MMoxsWlCMusjDKDHdF-TXHl6ILyOpQUVgjCGv6WSKYQfjPdSo19cBS-NhcxXG10b5lDmvNQPBx51bP5k_6sjU8af_9J-eFYioY4S1oY2Ke_ihOcu-DPys4260pDyw-CctU0SgceuRekmwYeppU8jueDsXfVW9ac_ceRFWjmXs1eG/w640-h524/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20male%20round%20head.JPG" width="640" /></a></i></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> The Oblong-winged Katydid is one of the round-headed katydids for obvious reasons. <br /></i></span><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></div><div><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></div><div><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Scudderia</span></i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> (the bush katydids) have a different head
shape and a prominent pronotum (the upper surface of the first segment of the thorax).</span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">. <br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhjhqLgSutNCaEUGgz_ydqgc522cMSiS1FW4K6-jwfbLSIgPj-gBvLlzRvsnaU6rUdOplL9cKfcL9SkH0wM5ULec3Re0iXoXSwoqaGxAPzWDCWecYOcoYfXDWleDSJT1hFLzAGsPV5Wfu16jQiRNq7CgB09F0ICnKj-IcyQMnhemaLWAenzBc-YdXP/s1024/Texas%20Bush%20Katydid%20male's%20head%20Mentor%20Marsh%208-4-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1013" data-original-width="1024" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhjhqLgSutNCaEUGgz_ydqgc522cMSiS1FW4K6-jwfbLSIgPj-gBvLlzRvsnaU6rUdOplL9cKfcL9SkH0wM5ULec3Re0iXoXSwoqaGxAPzWDCWecYOcoYfXDWleDSJT1hFLzAGsPV5Wfu16jQiRNq7CgB09F0ICnKj-IcyQMnhemaLWAenzBc-YdXP/w640-h634/Texas%20Bush%20Katydid%20male's%20head%20Mentor%20Marsh%208-4-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Texas Bush Katydid head and pronotum (the upper surface of the first segment of the thorax)</i></span><br /></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1163964799&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/texas-bush-katydid-very-close-70-degrees" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Texas Bush Katydid night song">Texas Bush Katydid night song</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bush katydids look like narrow leaves. and most
of them will be more common in edge habitats, wetland edges, and in
meadows. We’ll look at them in a future post.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6CzmTAgQ4qEIh9QfiMRPnDCmY4uzDqsAkqESONDrKxeYV0n9HFayyv_Ukb5-Vzr58x8oBUmB_5bt7VAmwoBD-VSOM0Y7G0DClUf3dKP9-XPOy3phXeIe13Nj0G8uPRj2kFr4H9HRmZoc-8W4J05w4ynnwnW6FCnQJ9VY9FfI1a82ydNHvByyw_Yq/s2000/Curve%20tailed%20in%20goldenrod%20cropped%20Fry%20Family%20Park%209-10-22R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1566" data-original-width="2000" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX6CzmTAgQ4qEIh9QfiMRPnDCmY4uzDqsAkqESONDrKxeYV0n9HFayyv_Ukb5-Vzr58x8oBUmB_5bt7VAmwoBD-VSOM0Y7G0DClUf3dKP9-XPOy3phXeIe13Nj0G8uPRj2kFr4H9HRmZoc-8W4J05w4ynnwnW6FCnQJ9VY9FfI1a82ydNHvByyw_Yq/w640-h502/Curve%20tailed%20in%20goldenrod%20cropped%20Fry%20Family%20Park%209-10-22R.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> <span style="font-size: small;">Curve-tailed Bush Katydid. His wings resemble the narrow shape of goldenrod leaves </span></i></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The male Oblong-winged has a dark stridulatory field (where
the songs are produced). Although one might wonder if the brown is a sign of damage, it is not. This is where his instrument is located. There are varying degrees of brown on the male stridulatory fields of three of the four additional katydid species we'll look at and listen to as well.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9m5xiDxtKnsBD_na9bVK4sK_WjJkOiWZV6QYKBiYGX42oNYVA079a2ali-O8aRZHbTwX8A-NhjvRkhrx28rk6RSwuM3yUlsLWSGCQvmBw1zUfDP_VhicWNlERhkGbtISqxl6sfc1FU-fng7zik29YgSREPch4hbSn4urGiyHRtSk2WGpUIzgLIB1q/s1024/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20Indiana%20Sat%20night%209-5-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9m5xiDxtKnsBD_na9bVK4sK_WjJkOiWZV6QYKBiYGX42oNYVA079a2ali-O8aRZHbTwX8A-NhjvRkhrx28rk6RSwuM3yUlsLWSGCQvmBw1zUfDP_VhicWNlERhkGbtISqxl6sfc1FU-fng7zik29YgSREPch4hbSn4urGiyHRtSk2WGpUIzgLIB1q/w640-h426/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20Indiana%20Sat%20night%209-5-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Oblong-winged Katydid in goldenrod, which grows along woodland edges and even along woodland paths in addition to being dense and widespread in meadows.</i><br /></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Females have a wide, curved, and
rather flat ovipositor, suggesting that ovipositing in a grass or cattail
stem like a meadow katydid is not their plan whatsoever. She typically oviposits in the soil.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKNYL2GbIT8vP4zE-tLpz8WwYJboNSe_X2G8gyjQtA9jYtszpAzg3Tm1gLWOyf2hJKC3REa8WxrNaSEa07u7blL4bGIaBJSyE2wxsna-IWT-kvXSMfNOerod-P14cWCAsQCdUBvtT-TK3LtVIgHKo8DK8A81oSvoUJpb0V5kD-4h5M_SjRbuAm_9Qi/s2000/Oblong%20winged%20female%20climbing%20in%20goldenrod%20Observatory%209-3-22R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="2000" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKNYL2GbIT8vP4zE-tLpz8WwYJboNSe_X2G8gyjQtA9jYtszpAzg3Tm1gLWOyf2hJKC3REa8WxrNaSEa07u7blL4bGIaBJSyE2wxsna-IWT-kvXSMfNOerod-P14cWCAsQCdUBvtT-TK3LtVIgHKo8DK8A81oSvoUJpb0V5kD-4h5M_SjRbuAm_9Qi/w640-h426/Oblong%20winged%20female%20climbing%20in%20goldenrod%20Observatory%209-3-22R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p> <span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And the song? It’s quite different from the Sword-bearing
Conehead, whose continuous chugging along reminds many people of a sprinkler. </span></p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/102209544&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/yv6j7zsetdnb" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sword-bearing Conehead in a NE Ohio meadow at night">Sword-bearing Conehead in a NE Ohio meadow at night</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Oblong-winged’s song doesn’t resemble the endless tics and whirrs of the
meadow katydids.</span></p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/419336844&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gladiator-meadow-katydid-and-black-legged-meadow-katydid-comparison" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gladiator Meadow Katydid and Black-legged Meadow Katydid comparison">Gladiator Meadow Katydid and Black-legged Meadow Katydid comparison</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It’s a short song – just three syllables, though you may only hear
the first two if you're farther away. You might even hear the additional little click of his wings opening in preparation for the next song if you're close. After a pause, the song is then repeated. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> It's fairly loud for those who hear those frequencies well. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/889330894&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/oblong-winged-katydid-with-wings-opening-clicks" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oblong - Winged Katydid with wings opening clicks">Oblong - Winged Katydid with wings opening clicks</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Does this song remind you of anyone? What about the Common
True Katydid? </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDdFMP12C9qRdXiANRwih4t7uQy80zi__c8AbkEzWuxrAoKzZvSlTm3zBxyTGojUOfhtQM12RVp_F7wppXP0PIDL5fugYevUDWrqLxxj6Uz8WvZvatd-urEnDC1KyIkhy3BjxjuM5T-Hg0dIq2dt28oi5HmDYK3UpsKKx5JWEbNIVgIcOjMy0h1j-s/s800/Common%20True%20Katydid1%20Holden%207-30-13.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="780" data-original-width="800" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDdFMP12C9qRdXiANRwih4t7uQy80zi__c8AbkEzWuxrAoKzZvSlTm3zBxyTGojUOfhtQM12RVp_F7wppXP0PIDL5fugYevUDWrqLxxj6Uz8WvZvatd-urEnDC1KyIkhy3BjxjuM5T-Hg0dIq2dt28oi5HmDYK3UpsKKx5JWEbNIVgIcOjMy0h1j-s/w640-h624/Common%20True%20Katydid1%20Holden%207-30-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><i>The Common True Katydid is the largest of our Ohio katydids. The males of this species have brown stridulatory fields, as do the Oblong-winged Katydids. </i><br /></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This large katydid's song is much lower in pitch, significantly louder, and will consist of just 2 – 4 syllables. It’s often 3, as in Ka-ty-did. (Occasionally, an inspired individual up will even sing 5 syllables in a song.).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1352561143&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/common-true-katydid-3s-and-4s-carlisle" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Common True Katydid 3s And 4s Carlisle">Common True Katydid 3s And 4s Carlisle</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Could an Oblong-winged song be considered three syllables?
I think so, if you can listen as quickly as the speed at which they sing them.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1352572510&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/oblong-winged-and-common-true-katydid-comparison" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oblong - Winged And Common True Katydid Comparison">Oblong - Winged And Common True Katydid Comparison</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Greater Angle-wing is a stunning leaf mimic who lives in trees and can occasionally be heard (and maybe even seen) in large shrubs. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcPiTQM6SFvX8OtSScrCCci38eEaKvrZ7-1ngVGMiOgTPuFckiA_9XQwb3e8KfWAJnha9ZvHZ3x0DE_vKmowv3WQJvVeszpLPZWMb2yO30Vn5jeemtOGPlgmbNIPJO1tW--VmVZAba__Ut5mqrOI5WtuM82jj-TBaPZk4BLG9KkZoUmJfVPb2E_OOE/s1024/Greater%20Anglewing%20in%20Buttonbush2%20Sandy%20Ridge%20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="1024" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcPiTQM6SFvX8OtSScrCCci38eEaKvrZ7-1ngVGMiOgTPuFckiA_9XQwb3e8KfWAJnha9ZvHZ3x0DE_vKmowv3WQJvVeszpLPZWMb2yO30Vn5jeemtOGPlgmbNIPJO1tW--VmVZAba__Ut5mqrOI5WtuM82jj-TBaPZk4BLG9KkZoUmJfVPb2E_OOE/w640-h450/Greater%20Anglewing%20in%20Buttonbush2%20Sandy%20Ridge%20.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> Greater Angle-wing (Microcentrum rhombifolium) - a fabulous leaf mimic</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> </i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOjbWRquViBYSiRCT2cQKFJofBYvSgYT2Xg8hwphvthGeXRQOhp3C4Iv3FJ-fOazSoS6g4sLqGQXq_C-W1GAdJPPSBG5-6vJd-AtqOrCA4OEsAeKutRe1kGcCbW9AbrZF7fPgPlewd3oURCxoUFgWJxsBRofvXluyz5amvsKtsIrSnJUJTb146T6uW/s1024/Greater%20Anglewing%20female2%20OHills%208-26-12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="622" data-original-width="1024" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOjbWRquViBYSiRCT2cQKFJofBYvSgYT2Xg8hwphvthGeXRQOhp3C4Iv3FJ-fOazSoS6g4sLqGQXq_C-W1GAdJPPSBG5-6vJd-AtqOrCA4OEsAeKutRe1kGcCbW9AbrZF7fPgPlewd3oURCxoUFgWJxsBRofvXluyz5amvsKtsIrSnJUJTb146T6uW/w640-h388/Greater%20Anglewing%20female2%20OHills%208-26-12.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>Female Greater Angle-wing. These are large, gorgeous insects!<br /> </i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i> </i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i> </i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I
rescued one in later fall some years ago that was nearing the end of
his life. I made his final days as comfortable as I could by providing
him with a large cage filled with leaves from the same pin oak in which
he'd been living. He settled right in - and generally disappeared. Even
standing directly over his cage, I often couldn't find this
substantial katydid! </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><i><br /></i></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivKyo7fXE8Ktb6VV-T0FdCpBoGXyWjTDlEzAePvGHatSkRnnI7hh3m2ZgcfMqzbvpWOduIN6UsAkEDdR6pgN8lwZHzIQP-r_Yd3FGA-fx-9OblTlG9msCDsg1Mk4TaHglbItWbkZWE7YPt3_34l9-IJfL1jWU_SIfRbeOahaUe8ijnslJmTZxJzqDU/s1024/Greater%20Anglewing%20in%20terrarium%20oak%20leaves2%2010-25-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivKyo7fXE8Ktb6VV-T0FdCpBoGXyWjTDlEzAePvGHatSkRnnI7hh3m2ZgcfMqzbvpWOduIN6UsAkEDdR6pgN8lwZHzIQP-r_Yd3FGA-fx-9OblTlG9msCDsg1Mk4TaHglbItWbkZWE7YPt3_34l9-IJfL1jWU_SIfRbeOahaUe8ijnslJmTZxJzqDU/w640-h426/Greater%20Anglewing%20in%20terrarium%20oak%20leaves2%2010-25-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><i></i></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">His
songs and calls don't quite fit the patterns of the Oblong-winged and
Common True Katydids, though they do have recognizable, repeating
patterns. They're a series of tics that increase in tempo as their wings get closer
together. A pause follows until he’s ready to begin the next song.</span></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/418747812&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/greater-anglewing" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Greater Anglewing">Greater Anglewing</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRyV2MFLTIVqu2o4C7kfuV6y10HKpYY202FVQl7zr2igkibD9v4XR8qs02ms2uaA8zNlqgynmJf65A6vbSAELzSZTv6TRqpjndOvW2KM_si2cYDKfZNc6Upp-5kZh1d8G97RLUyIBClfpgL-Vz-soffW1PGoAPfYdyru1L2q6Y6xZ70vYAmjCyvn7i/s1269/Greater%20Angle-wing%20sonogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="1269" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRyV2MFLTIVqu2o4C7kfuV6y10HKpYY202FVQl7zr2igkibD9v4XR8qs02ms2uaA8zNlqgynmJf65A6vbSAELzSZTv6TRqpjndOvW2KM_si2cYDKfZNc6Upp-5kZh1d8G97RLUyIBClfpgL-Vz-soffW1PGoAPfYdyru1L2q6Y6xZ70vYAmjCyvn7i/w640-h98/Greater%20Angle-wing%20sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: arial;">But then there’s the Lesser Angle-wing, who is now
beginning to move up into NE Ohio from farther south in the state. I've heard and recorded them in the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in the Peninsula, Ohio area and they have been reported elsewhere in the park.</span><br />
</span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA8J6kibyXtrBPeOnBE4vZ746bsiywILWefNpZGtAE8Bh29klVJRTxnUW518aoGCcFTBkvzgN5tb7jqAu2MdfZ618427zLp3otB0_JZMZnto6W1LyB2EWrLTwoOloumvklZt4jc6OUEwZxMa-CVJL3r85pUHXYYrGpdTADYZn4DxofQPRkk_JVy22F/s1850/Lesser%20Angle-wing2%2010-19-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1106" data-original-width="1850" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA8J6kibyXtrBPeOnBE4vZ746bsiywILWefNpZGtAE8Bh29klVJRTxnUW518aoGCcFTBkvzgN5tb7jqAu2MdfZ618427zLp3otB0_JZMZnto6W1LyB2EWrLTwoOloumvklZt4jc6OUEwZxMa-CVJL3r85pUHXYYrGpdTADYZn4DxofQPRkk_JVy22F/w640-h382/Lesser%20Angle-wing2%2010-19-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <i>The Lesser Angle-wing (Microcentrum retinerve) is also an impressive leaf mimic</i></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p> </p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Listen: a short burst of wing strokes followed by a pause, as if it's related to the Oblong-winged.</span></span><br /></p></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><br /><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1353095134&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
</div><div> </div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidRoYramJV6zCF8PGzjl1YadkdxSAroXK4E6o2h-XaTZ34S8tkMMf6ejWJj9YWe0OIBGy-Vv-_c61PeUuCXcxz8CHt8tlDxDrdTDnZ8EsHkvneHdKXbHTvLY4beFMVceu9sPJ5cxhGs0YHVxSgq-PfrwztvPnXBLKbWz8WgsI6dbwD-23Q9zLtotIx/s1368/Lesser%20Angle-wing%20sonogram2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="357" data-original-width="1368" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidRoYramJV6zCF8PGzjl1YadkdxSAroXK4E6o2h-XaTZ34S8tkMMf6ejWJj9YWe0OIBGy-Vv-_c61PeUuCXcxz8CHt8tlDxDrdTDnZ8EsHkvneHdKXbHTvLY4beFMVceu9sPJ5cxhGs0YHVxSgq-PfrwztvPnXBLKbWz8WgsI6dbwD-23Q9zLtotIx/w640-h168/Lesser%20Angle-wing%20sonogram2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The recording below compares the Oblong-winged Katydid (first) to the Lesser Angle-wing (second). There's a slight difference in the sonograms, as the Oblong-winged's song contains soft tics at the beginning that we may or may not be able to hear.</span></span><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"> </span></p></div><div><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1353097126&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/oblong-winged-and-lesser-angle-wing" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oblong - Winged And Lesser Angle - Wing">Oblong - Winged And Lesser Angle - Wing</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWvyrw5Tp_tc5UZjwWsY7v8rCljTUpGcSmMWkciKoqTfA-ktR9mWsUFboDgxlMI8cj7v4jsURq1JgXpeKWcWE_PSrPFds5-Y-JzITDcgtwRAfr9RAEVZY1FxGSnjdxpKODQ520bvKpKlLY7DmPVaCKr_TSAfAqCePq8sdEgdElLOxBeGJEZaeY5Do/s1256/Oblong-winged%20and%20Lesser%20Angle-wing%20sonogram%20comparison.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="205" data-original-width="1256" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWvyrw5Tp_tc5UZjwWsY7v8rCljTUpGcSmMWkciKoqTfA-ktR9mWsUFboDgxlMI8cj7v4jsURq1JgXpeKWcWE_PSrPFds5-Y-JzITDcgtwRAfr9RAEVZY1FxGSnjdxpKODQ520bvKpKlLY7DmPVaCKr_TSAfAqCePq8sdEgdElLOxBeGJEZaeY5Do/w640-h104/Oblong-winged%20and%20Lesser%20Angle-wing%20sonogram%20comparison.jpg" width="640" /></a></span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I'll expand a little more now and place the Oblong-winged, Lesser Angle-wing, and Common True Katydid one after the other: </span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1353098566&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/oblong-winged-lesser-angle-wing-common-true-katydid" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oblong - Winged Lesser Angle - Wing Common True Katydid">Oblong - Winged Lesser Angle - Wing Common True Katydid</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjluLZGuTQn3_nxAqABgSm4nJT9eaEfQjmMEOh2_1VFi2pC7in2PsCt2yklmmtKkv9BnqSCz4G7QiZ3G72VlBqXW5YX2jYCpy1oT1hVJAYrrXS60oUGN0P7nqekkWgu4XfJJ8L3vnKST0mKpA8rzNbt3tXmZfoy6mjKMeQPB2oY1X6thX7nfFU8Mck-/s1349/Oblong-winged%20Lesser%20Angle-wing%20Common%20True%20Katydid%20sonogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="1349" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjluLZGuTQn3_nxAqABgSm4nJT9eaEfQjmMEOh2_1VFi2pC7in2PsCt2yklmmtKkv9BnqSCz4G7QiZ3G72VlBqXW5YX2jYCpy1oT1hVJAYrrXS60oUGN0P7nqekkWgu4XfJJ8L3vnKST0mKpA8rzNbt3tXmZfoy6mjKMeQPB2oY1X6thX7nfFU8Mck-/w640-h96/Oblong-winged%20Lesser%20Angle-wing%20Common%20True%20Katydid%20sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Next, let's look at and listen to the Oblong-winged’s little
cousin, the Rattler Round-winged Katydid for
similarities.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJLrcCf0NGC7m95u4HjtHdWBJpz2bq5k8BsPdUsV6uEAFNlRcA87CHYlfH7tij4Ohm0lPHINp2DLGAZoqeuKOGGdVg-PfoKswZIwdZUfnVr8Jw8EP_ey-_dKGoyvzwt_hK_nOV5xxSlWB0koXOFmAkkqHn4r5c3r0sWQgbLmi39NzeiIwe2eIqGf60/s1024/Rattler%20Round-winged%20Katydid%20male2%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="1024" height="398" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJLrcCf0NGC7m95u4HjtHdWBJpz2bq5k8BsPdUsV6uEAFNlRcA87CHYlfH7tij4Ohm0lPHINp2DLGAZoqeuKOGGdVg-PfoKswZIwdZUfnVr8Jw8EP_ey-_dKGoyvzwt_hK_nOV5xxSlWB0koXOFmAkkqHn4r5c3r0sWQgbLmi39NzeiIwe2eIqGf60/w640-h398/Rattler%20Round-winged%20Katydid%20male2%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></p><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Rattler Round-winged Katydid <span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Amblycorypha rotundifolia) </span></i></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> The Rattler's songs are little groups of rattles: two short groups and
one longer rattle. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/106021291&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/rattler-round-winged-katydid-2" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Rattler Round-winged Katydid short and long "rattles"� ">Rattler Round-winged Katydid short and long "rattles"� </a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlBAhDy4na_vYICZhCz-qTisysc5x00xpOcX2CT7ylX2Ec9vR5_yUAXIcooQC3w-4PdPZT-92jxO3dDcLsPOc4V3U3TokB5TQphrUTUYaiSbvBLKuQHtb5w2kaRMJWm1I54IO_EUd2891Ia3QGTeBhQWDokjq8cXSe58wUfOD-VitExMUNQf5duA8E/s688/Rattler%20Round%20winged%20sonogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="103" data-original-width="688" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlBAhDy4na_vYICZhCz-qTisysc5x00xpOcX2CT7ylX2Ec9vR5_yUAXIcooQC3w-4PdPZT-92jxO3dDcLsPOc4V3U3TokB5TQphrUTUYaiSbvBLKuQHtb5w2kaRMJWm1I54IO_EUd2891Ia3QGTeBhQWDokjq8cXSe58wUfOD-VitExMUNQf5duA8E/w640-h96/Rattler%20Round%20winged%20sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /> </span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It’s still not continuous, though. It reminds me a bit of
the Oblong-winged song in that it has three groups of rattles rather than three
syllables. </span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rattlers have a look-alike cousin – the Clicker Round-winged
Katydid </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">– </span><span color="windowtext" face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">which appears from its range map to be a possibility for
Lorain, Medina, and maybe Summit Counties. I have never found one, though if it
were a female or a male who was not singing, I might have assumed it was a
Rattler.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><b>
</b><p class="MsoNormal"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4fGmJIWolURVC4hVMRerca5I-gjPtFfP5GLeT5f0zpBMtKLLz03R2-yc8Kzh1EFu20i97FHL--G0tp3JOaeeCr2zNP_qUJSJ3-UWhwupFuGzKcQtAqpNvMvowLfYgwMc6pW7Ao53BRU1cniAomAocFOGRGvgVMw4LsK7F5fdWjPwfdxetiZm1rYo/s1024/Clicker%20embraces%20his%20leaf%208-25-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQ4fGmJIWolURVC4hVMRerca5I-gjPtFfP5GLeT5f0zpBMtKLLz03R2-yc8Kzh1EFu20i97FHL--G0tp3JOaeeCr2zNP_qUJSJ3-UWhwupFuGzKcQtAqpNvMvowLfYgwMc6pW7Ao53BRU1cniAomAocFOGRGvgVMw4LsK7F5fdWjPwfdxetiZm1rYo/w640-h426/Clicker%20embraces%20his%20leaf%208-25-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> Clicker Round-winged Katydid</i><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span color="windowtext" face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b> </b>(<i>Amblycorypha alexanderi</i>)</span></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A few years ago, I was very fortunate to have spent the late summer all the
way through autumn with a Clicker Round-winged Katydid from Wil Hershberger.
Wil knew I’d never met one and would want to learn the song. It really is a
series of short groups of clicks. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/695601868&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/clicker-round-winged-katydid-in-the-house" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Clicker Round - Winged Katydid In The House">Clicker Round - Winged Katydid In The House</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqe43XcwGFoALVLI--XUyaAQTDNnNd_y1PMLRx5Jxk4ufNxnyYWDbw1TrXPogXhJACbbaK9ozdZfNBBNeK2o4J1Ve6ZdicbfgtremnYvGmz__pT8d5j46GPfxyYGCpD6n0-0uGeYD5Rdqr7d85LyV1TsQZj2BRotjM771bV4l5i4kGyUxp9xi7qqYK/s995/Clicker%20Round-winged%20one%20series%20of%20clicks.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="995" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqe43XcwGFoALVLI--XUyaAQTDNnNd_y1PMLRx5Jxk4ufNxnyYWDbw1TrXPogXhJACbbaK9ozdZfNBBNeK2o4J1Ve6ZdicbfgtremnYvGmz__pT8d5j46GPfxyYGCpD6n0-0uGeYD5Rdqr7d85LyV1TsQZj2BRotjM771bV4l5i4kGyUxp9xi7qqYK/w640-h222/Clicker%20Round-winged%20one%20series%20of%20clicks.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi14f4nT7LEYChcuMG-ADlx4HtsbBNb683tsrSZEfQduqQ3LSQG_q1EhtuDXMZDG9MjZuERPFvFcPr3yl_6kFNSTRWCbghXCJxNfgofPkIEvLXiCNDb3AAXb12Vp-2w2B8xBpw-MBBhcTIWiqbEJ63LRzpn6PFXHTDzuudxMmuWja718Lex4YmJHyqy/s1024/Clicker%20stepping%20out%20again%2010-5-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="757" data-original-width="1024" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi14f4nT7LEYChcuMG-ADlx4HtsbBNb683tsrSZEfQduqQ3LSQG_q1EhtuDXMZDG9MjZuERPFvFcPr3yl_6kFNSTRWCbghXCJxNfgofPkIEvLXiCNDb3AAXb12Vp-2w2B8xBpw-MBBhcTIWiqbEJ63LRzpn6PFXHTDzuudxMmuWja718Lex4YmJHyqy/w640-h474/Clicker%20stepping%20out%20again%2010-5-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Clicker Round-winged Katydid. Although it's not a scientific description, I think he's adorable!</i><br /></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">All of these songs are quite different from
the <i>Conocephalus</i> and <i>Orchelimum</i> meadow katydids and from the Sword-bearing
Conehead. It’s a different ensemble in a very different habitat. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Now about their leaves. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisJwOrBmxTn9OrARSUjAGehC28i33XATVeMFXQWPnz_5OjzgiiYQjI_uNYOD3X1IfMP8cMrQzMyWHT_Mpb8K8sJ5KHkAVmuJt28QTmc2jk41f_MLBu_lJmvMm5OD4hNWUHyLKdcJ_3YGmxaM4NWsViewksbr9uAMaYLlCXRfWvxNNpelIFdctCf0J7/s1024/Greater%20Anglewing%20emerges%20from%20oak%20leaves%2010-28-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisJwOrBmxTn9OrARSUjAGehC28i33XATVeMFXQWPnz_5OjzgiiYQjI_uNYOD3X1IfMP8cMrQzMyWHT_Mpb8K8sJ5KHkAVmuJt28QTmc2jk41f_MLBu_lJmvMm5OD4hNWUHyLKdcJ_3YGmxaM4NWsViewksbr9uAMaYLlCXRfWvxNNpelIFdctCf0J7/w640-h426/Greater%20Anglewing%20emerges%20from%20oak%20leaves%2010-28-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Greater Angle-wing male in pin oak leaves</i></span><br /></div></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Angle-wings - both Greater and Lesser – and the Common True
Katydids live up in the trees. Oblong-wingeds and Rattlers will be in the
understory. It’s quite easy to hide in the leaves if one looks like a leaf, and
katydids are certainly masters of camouflage. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I seldom see Oblong-wingeds or Rattlers during the day.
After dusk, the males will sit on the upper surfaces of leaves and
sing. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0yD2IyzyMwqsFrGhHLGP7Asif3XGXkKtRoEz7hIsDWFEVGaHHooIWcLiysgpbUCpo6LjtTU0LMhP7v_r2cnZHBL9LWcmPLM9VgUHhi7fb1u6D3eJBVqnVsH_W9W_RATw5_7PPtlGEO00XgV3hnGS4WWLkDei_Ydm_2vjql1WapIanJlsida85QF58/s1024/Rattler%20Round-winged%20Katydid%20male%20Buzzards%20Roost%208-22-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="1024" height="388" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0yD2IyzyMwqsFrGhHLGP7Asif3XGXkKtRoEz7hIsDWFEVGaHHooIWcLiysgpbUCpo6LjtTU0LMhP7v_r2cnZHBL9LWcmPLM9VgUHhi7fb1u6D3eJBVqnVsH_W9W_RATw5_7PPtlGEO00XgV3hnGS4WWLkDei_Ydm_2vjql1WapIanJlsida85QF58/w640-h388/Rattler%20Round-winged%20Katydid%20male%20Buzzards%20Roost%208-22-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Rattler Round-winged Katydid male on display. Perhaps a female will be impressed.</i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNxCJkKdKB6cqOOzVT2rCrh1JduzoEL7FrPjk0k8zwGfhFIWgHB4rJEj2rXvbmOT9JMre0kEgGhEPBhP2mCpv7WTBqWghd8gWirdzW-40tK32VVf6yh2jZq2okLNULVbjLkQ6FXzCtzrGqbOlqxvGSIy0_6BI9R2e1OtgN3awYsQ7tA_LMjSJI0G_c/s1024/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20male1%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNxCJkKdKB6cqOOzVT2rCrh1JduzoEL7FrPjk0k8zwGfhFIWgHB4rJEj2rXvbmOT9JMre0kEgGhEPBhP2mCpv7WTBqWghd8gWirdzW-40tK32VVf6yh2jZq2okLNULVbjLkQ6FXzCtzrGqbOlqxvGSIy0_6BI9R2e1OtgN3awYsQ7tA_LMjSJI0G_c/w640-h426/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20male1%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>Male Oblong-wing looking quite gorgeous.</i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Look carefully: you may also see a female surveying her admirers from her own leafy throne. I have seen a single female looking quite regal while surrounded by a number of singing males.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlawDuB-xbTJjjE407pJSTLNmL3-j2_YexJLTBrNGB5Rzaq58sSjdwXhp3phIy3J_ytyy2cysp-oxDAjluZGZ6kfDkweuW5fvE_axTQEoaqquc4dQwQ_dJKrqUW4WE_Aoyhvd40heJOqwz0knf08c-sGxW340VHowd5bvjsGcelvOik-bbWr6wElVf/s1024/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20female%20Bergamo%207-27-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1024" height="512" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlawDuB-xbTJjjE407pJSTLNmL3-j2_YexJLTBrNGB5Rzaq58sSjdwXhp3phIy3J_ytyy2cysp-oxDAjluZGZ6kfDkweuW5fvE_axTQEoaqquc4dQwQ_dJKrqUW4WE_Aoyhvd40heJOqwz0knf08c-sGxW340VHowd5bvjsGcelvOik-bbWr6wElVf/w640-h512/Oblong-winged%20Katydid%20female%20Bergamo%207-27-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i> Female Oblong-wing. </i><i>The females will assess their possible choices.</i></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I emphasized in my previous post that the meadow katydids and Sword-bearing Coneheads are enthusiastic seed-eaters.The featured insects of this post not only live in leaves but also feast on them. Let’s take yet another look at the Oblong-winged, as he is the
katydid who introduced this post.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I currently have an Oblong-winged Katydid in a mesh
butterfly cage at home. He absolutely skeletonizes the blackberry leaves I
provide for him. He receives Romaine lettuce, a little slice of apple (which
I’ve seen him sample), and a half a grape on his daily produce kabob sticks,
but his primary diet is the blackberry leaves in which he hides and from which he sings. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNr92-71NZXfkrT7Z2zyEojD6gjR5lZjzWrBuWyfOIAsE3S0_ybO8KZdR4YZV1yryuvfuOquV2nalXKZS363ssCTOsMBAX3ZPiCJ4yhc6td6jE9xa5NotI8C5DYn9t2jFFPI8mobyFJ4Kqj-4f2iSf0id7V5tB1MmMG0-y2kXM41BLRnMGwln0dVk2/s1614/Blackberry%20leaf%20dinner2%20Observatory%202022.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1242" data-original-width="1614" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNr92-71NZXfkrT7Z2zyEojD6gjR5lZjzWrBuWyfOIAsE3S0_ybO8KZdR4YZV1yryuvfuOquV2nalXKZS363ssCTOsMBAX3ZPiCJ4yhc6td6jE9xa5NotI8C5DYn9t2jFFPI8mobyFJ4Kqj-4f2iSf0id7V5tB1MmMG0-y2kXM41BLRnMGwln0dVk2/w400-h308/Blackberry%20leaf%20dinner2%20Observatory%202022.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcHxP_k8KssSfR2kPLQInftwqwHmGfHusaqwhbhNUVyOOH1peq2cG3duy3UZMl4B4R1pG1CaDJ6w-uUf36wogfU4RMsX_R11zuOam4h0UwQvclwXkkaJd4M5UlgGnE7No0NCmtGzRasIfHDp0WQDaaNuQZzt_s67QNt3i1l_kuo9LzFPsEM_cNnPyQ/s1499/Oliver's%20blackberry%20leaf%20October%202022.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1499" data-original-width="1402" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcHxP_k8KssSfR2kPLQInftwqwHmGfHusaqwhbhNUVyOOH1peq2cG3duy3UZMl4B4R1pG1CaDJ6w-uUf36wogfU4RMsX_R11zuOam4h0UwQvclwXkkaJd4M5UlgGnE7No0NCmtGzRasIfHDp0WQDaaNuQZzt_s67QNt3i1l_kuo9LzFPsEM_cNnPyQ/w374-h400/Oliver's%20blackberry%20leaf%20October%202022.jpg" width="374" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> <i> </i></span><i>Top: blackberry leaves in a woodland Oblong-winged habitat.</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Below: Oliver Oblong-winged has begun to dine on his newest </span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>blackberry leaves in his singing cage.</i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">My
Rattler-Round-winged Katydid, Clicker Round-winged Katydid, and Lesser
Angle-wing from previous years were leaf mimics and leaf eaters as well, and I expect this would
also be true for the Greater Angle-wing. </span></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi72sxvqFZeFBRTzKOuygXsLS_mMmLDmTxBkh3S18tRwkSbJLpzYHpRqvqGQtD1MM0NG_dfGzR0RYllzc2haBCiz4qRnKDVCCfzAdNdOzIQNHGB-axMm-NF-LaMy7bIz5mJBV4GsV4mgrusZWsHgP78yPoHjC6vtXo49K418BvAY3Kq5fkMgLTLmhzp/s1024/Lesser%20Angle-wing%20hiding%20on%20leaf%20Arc%20of%20Appalachia%208-16-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="963" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi72sxvqFZeFBRTzKOuygXsLS_mMmLDmTxBkh3S18tRwkSbJLpzYHpRqvqGQtD1MM0NG_dfGzR0RYllzc2haBCiz4qRnKDVCCfzAdNdOzIQNHGB-axMm-NF-LaMy7bIz5mJBV4GsV4mgrusZWsHgP78yPoHjC6vtXo49K418BvAY3Kq5fkMgLTLmhzp/w602-h640/Lesser%20Angle-wing%20hiding%20on%20leaf%20Arc%20of%20Appalachia%208-16-19.JPG" width="602" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>Lesser Angle-wings eat the leaves in which they live.</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i></i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD0irIyL2JpCIUQMjP2iEBo5Mn3LI8Lr_C4o2Ni6dcMmiycoKOM8B5U5fWcRRhPWbU6XvEOo0WkAfuL0aTAkuA_2zvHIBEI8OFt2Yx_jq4NhnlQTdAwSQoBND1c5mAP9tJNzSpW2-NsiA1OFnwc4PrrDPPC6Wfh4YrJzeD7FSFgpEj1ueg9FGgJHw5/s1024/Clicker%20Round-winged%20Katydid%208-20-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD0irIyL2JpCIUQMjP2iEBo5Mn3LI8Lr_C4o2Ni6dcMmiycoKOM8B5U5fWcRRhPWbU6XvEOo0WkAfuL0aTAkuA_2zvHIBEI8OFt2Yx_jq4NhnlQTdAwSQoBND1c5mAP9tJNzSpW2-NsiA1OFnwc4PrrDPPC6Wfh4YrJzeD7FSFgpEj1ueg9FGgJHw5/w640-h426/Clicker%20Round-winged%20Katydid%208-20-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></i></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> Clicker Round-winged Katydid male at his salad bar.</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> </i><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So listen first, as they are often quite challenging to locate
visually in the woods at night. Notice the song similarities between species
that share the same habitat. If, with patience, you find a singing male or nearby female, marvel at how much they look like the
leaves in which they live and on which they dine. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I often say that “a meadow doesn’t sound like a woodland”
when I’m talking about birdsong and habitat. Similarly, grouping insect songs together by
habitat is easier than trying to remember a lengthy collection of unrelated tics,
whirrs, and trills. Even more rewarding is listening to the music of a
particular concert venue and<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>knowing who
the musicians are and cherishing the interplay of their instruments.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And, of course, we need to protect all the katydid and cricket concert halls to ensure the music continues! <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2IRmfGFmcCi8kD-f8htZyiMJLflW-Fwu5fiWnNxTtRQrooTdpTA7PxqnGDFA_xkNpZt2iD9mgG0Oz997G-htKRqpVIDcuK8dFyynvTYVRkLyqqf5oH20CF4vXbQcbbiBV4L3NK6QJifKRhSYBF4_sQmS7T67mwtlalTTKxw-g5gCEJb0zDaOGifVv/s5184/Oblong-winged%202020%20use%20this%20in%202022.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3456" data-original-width="5184" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2IRmfGFmcCi8kD-f8htZyiMJLflW-Fwu5fiWnNxTtRQrooTdpTA7PxqnGDFA_xkNpZt2iD9mgG0Oz997G-htKRqpVIDcuK8dFyynvTYVRkLyqqf5oH20CF4vXbQcbbiBV4L3NK6QJifKRhSYBF4_sQmS7T67mwtlalTTKxw-g5gCEJb0zDaOGifVv/w640-h426/Oblong-winged%202020%20use%20this%20in%202022.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /> <p></p> <br /><p></p></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-67211982300578595582022-08-23T00:45:00.044-04:002022-08-23T15:45:28.195-04:00Cones and Seeds: Listening in Context<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiczZzea0Ko8W1h8yawEhSxA76Yz5kJyQdCdvBz-zBCe9l-wwZLq7EVOkLL_wTzaM7PFIM4-P_L3XW3kEaDLmKSAIDG5Mw451Z2jiVP0OkWQc93IVUkVJCdsTLKLN7WczT5gRd7d19C_EopREOqOLptKruLUIw-BQ-UFhWODSlUbtXz4u4OEXjVtSab/s800/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20face%20and%20mouth%20Novak%208-9-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="800" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiczZzea0Ko8W1h8yawEhSxA76Yz5kJyQdCdvBz-zBCe9l-wwZLq7EVOkLL_wTzaM7PFIM4-P_L3XW3kEaDLmKSAIDG5Mw451Z2jiVP0OkWQc93IVUkVJCdsTLKLN7WczT5gRd7d19C_EopREOqOLptKruLUIw-BQ-UFhWODSlUbtXz4u4OEXjVtSab/w640-h460/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20face%20and%20mouth%20Novak%208-9-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’m going to write a few posts this summer about crickets
and katydids in context. I’ve written about individual species and certainly
about range expansion, and I think it’s also very helpful to observe these insects as part of a habitat. What do they eat? Which other Orthopterans are in the habitat, and how
are they similar? Do those other species use the same plants? Is there any
similarity between their songs?</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Let’s start with many people’s favorite katydid: the Sword-bearing
Conehead. </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">First, you hear them.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">
</span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865048972&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/sword-bearing-conehead-ne-geauga-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sword - Bearing Conehead NE Geauga 7 - 20 - 20">Sword - Bearing Conehead </a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">T</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">hen, you attempt to find one. This could take a while</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">If and when you’re successful, I invite you to photograph
him, but don’t move along just yet. You may know his song and his general
appearance, but there’s so much more to observe!</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">First, what does he do while he’s singing? You might assume
he’ll just stay in one position with his cone upright, but…</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgDOxCvPZ0uXcW02zMS8rh137lDJPbBdV2QWwlu4au52sVvc5qVRCv_33XOOZKBd6slCTgoSZ8nznREwp3HkSf1JnlEBJ1uJ8yrxTMnImes4KGFP_zPpKYTd9RHXMVT68FCGGhGvAgFICY1NwYXKdiw9EkMooA5eGa0WJlurwANZ2_9FYv6FFbhy28/s2000/Sword-bearing%20Conehed%20male%20Swine%20Creek%207-20-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1980" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgDOxCvPZ0uXcW02zMS8rh137lDJPbBdV2QWwlu4au52sVvc5qVRCv_33XOOZKBd6slCTgoSZ8nznREwp3HkSf1JnlEBJ1uJ8yrxTMnImes4KGFP_zPpKYTd9RHXMVT68FCGGhGvAgFICY1NwYXKdiw9EkMooA5eGa0WJlurwANZ2_9FYv6FFbhy28/w634-h640/Sword-bearing%20Conehed%20male%20Swine%20Creek%207-20-21R.JPG" width="634" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <i>Sword-bearing Conehead (Neoconocephalus ensiger)</i><br /></span></div><div><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">He can – and will – sing upside down and will parade up and
down a stem without missing a single pulse of his ongoing song. I find this
rather impressive.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Females as well as males will dine upside-down.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf_85wrqA_NIq3u9_qHvHLjf7oRB_eq-AO44vrudZQwLiqEreUNm-JdwavgjhM4Q-FDO-mTxHhgAClqyX9hPkMfIQ5Z8hlAtRN46GFYyHP2aovIJDD9HUwpRxdr-a488cXAebCts00Wp3jBmilahz7_QSIgXwYg0TbaBCeXcsrhzIyt_9X59G7MUeO/s2000/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20female%20Rogers%20Rd%207-19-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1834" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf_85wrqA_NIq3u9_qHvHLjf7oRB_eq-AO44vrudZQwLiqEreUNm-JdwavgjhM4Q-FDO-mTxHhgAClqyX9hPkMfIQ5Z8hlAtRN46GFYyHP2aovIJDD9HUwpRxdr-a488cXAebCts00Wp3jBmilahz7_QSIgXwYg0TbaBCeXcsrhzIyt_9X59G7MUeO/w586-h640/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20female%20Rogers%20Rd%207-19-21R.JPG" width="586" /></a></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Try not to disturb them, though, because they’ll turn upside
down and drop cone first into the grasses, never to be seen by you again.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">And definitely admire the female's ovipositor.
She’s the one that bears the sword!</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT1Ph1YuepYeQJdDqHFSXj3Ro-yAuuEY_MsA9xeKtJnWxLyNOb8JjYHQtQHI3LB5foOnXeeo46Cj9ES7HxG2tSLcC7YfefHFxWrIL1zGQgUOrvP16y16Xfrg89Lj1ewVXLUZ7hq9y7P3pqKR9X7B05ijvdXaGxX1Qyi2MSbdNNBrfoW0dq4Kv34keF/s2000/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20female%20trying%20to%20balance%20in%20the%20grasses%20Burton%20Wetlands%207-16-22R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1616" data-original-width="2000" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT1Ph1YuepYeQJdDqHFSXj3Ro-yAuuEY_MsA9xeKtJnWxLyNOb8JjYHQtQHI3LB5foOnXeeo46Cj9ES7HxG2tSLcC7YfefHFxWrIL1zGQgUOrvP16y16Xfrg89Lj1ewVXLUZ7hq9y7P3pqKR9X7B05ijvdXaGxX1Qyi2MSbdNNBrfoW0dq4Kv34keF/w640-h518/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20female%20trying%20to%20balance%20in%20the%20grasses%20Burton%20Wetlands%207-16-22R.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although the males sing almost tirelessly, both males and
females spend a lot of time enthusiastically eating…seeds, seeds, and more
seeds! </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkw1856a5eQ9C2CEr6S19wQHTKhNA43jmfIPaG4WzvDfRIIWA0MPrr4OiXgNDwlzpAtK91qdalTbBuY53VxIPfWVXGoCOLKnlvvx5-B-cNsHPx6K7tcQx5UVqw-FlVAhR5lsSAhnnUyp3huQUHlWAAlxOyN-pbfjBsZPJA_iWnN87NFlKQLER9Vdj/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Coneheads%20do%20indeed%20have%20cone%20heads%20Medina%20Marsh%207-19-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="816" data-original-width="1024" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCkw1856a5eQ9C2CEr6S19wQHTKhNA43jmfIPaG4WzvDfRIIWA0MPrr4OiXgNDwlzpAtK91qdalTbBuY53VxIPfWVXGoCOLKnlvvx5-B-cNsHPx6K7tcQx5UVqw-FlVAhR5lsSAhnnUyp3huQUHlWAAlxOyN-pbfjBsZPJA_iWnN87NFlKQLER9Vdj/w640-h510/Sword-bearing%20Coneheads%20do%20indeed%20have%20cone%20heads%20Medina%20Marsh%207-19-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">It’s fortunate that they have six legs, because they have
to hold on to their stems while extricating those seeds. It’s fairly
straightforward when they climb up a substantial grass stem with a seed head at
the top, and upside down looks so effortless for them.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></span><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHyoigcx7fKC1hTImiXmM871nVWSgIdmdkbgSq1hpRrWRUc0B8VgC6-yZGYrUWVEcMYCBDsG8pBlYaWjW3oabX5KWsyLyb1UhxiABvmc0uNW_uzPTBjSchRseqhnegDde3NqGIhn__a2QAYm0rXwY2Uf-9UpiGNEFjoOZs66Tf3I6qedjMO4p1jZit/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20eating%20timothy%20close%20LEB%207-28-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="976" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHyoigcx7fKC1hTImiXmM871nVWSgIdmdkbgSq1hpRrWRUc0B8VgC6-yZGYrUWVEcMYCBDsG8pBlYaWjW3oabX5KWsyLyb1UhxiABvmc0uNW_uzPTBjSchRseqhnegDde3NqGIhn__a2QAYm0rXwY2Uf-9UpiGNEFjoOZs66Tf3I6qedjMO4p1jZit/w610-h640/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20eating%20timothy%20close%20LEB%207-28-15.JPG" width="610" /></a></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">With patience and good fortune, you may be able to maneuver
to the opposite side of the stem and actually watch them eat.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjUHMllH-hZcXiEKN-uheJlxYT_o5SKsgsZu5AkcPdr4ZvIxoIWmvdFmbraW8c9p4Z9QYAGfAi8nQ8wvXnPN7CPvLvVHjgm7wyLvUoVIwEHzyiRsOcIZY-SIPj9DMp_BmdygXqJNrc8o7cNs3qyNMZobMpEsePa1KMQz6XaM7ihjhozReMjhaEAw4y/s800/SB%20Conehead%20shoves%20seeds%20in%20its%20mouth%20Novak%209-9-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="800" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjUHMllH-hZcXiEKN-uheJlxYT_o5SKsgsZu5AkcPdr4ZvIxoIWmvdFmbraW8c9p4Z9QYAGfAi8nQ8wvXnPN7CPvLvVHjgm7wyLvUoVIwEHzyiRsOcIZY-SIPj9DMp_BmdygXqJNrc8o7cNs3qyNMZobMpEsePa1KMQz6XaM7ihjhozReMjhaEAw4y/w640-h624/SB%20Conehead%20shoves%20seeds%20in%20its%20mouth%20Novak%209-9-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">And that mouth! </span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKYiRNuW4IB8l-wD573PYQyA0QYgcS5ovqRdN85YKcK5EHg5gzbLpznUaBGoCsy-OVzRUNLaOARlpaFbvCtV65VEWD_aqZ4tMf13r9Y2HyYt8pTOAuBub-RqWr9OLoo5uyKKxUJD7mGb-B9ulclKsYpH6h1ub9lOP3bgol_5dqzKxNVqj4sVEb-ZYN/s1800/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20mouth%20LEB%208-9-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1596" data-original-width="1800" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKYiRNuW4IB8l-wD573PYQyA0QYgcS5ovqRdN85YKcK5EHg5gzbLpznUaBGoCsy-OVzRUNLaOARlpaFbvCtV65VEWD_aqZ4tMf13r9Y2HyYt8pTOAuBub-RqWr9OLoo5uyKKxUJD7mGb-B9ulclKsYpH6h1ub9lOP3bgol_5dqzKxNVqj4sVEb-ZYN/w400-h355/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20mouth%20LEB%208-9-15.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Coneheads in Context</span></span></span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">While every conehead is quite splendid in itself, it also
is part of a broader context. What about their habitat? Other Orthopteran
neighbors? Who else is singing, and how can we separate the songs?</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">While studying Sword-bearing Coneheads (or any other singing
insect), notice the habitat and what other singing insects might share it. In
this case, the habitat is usually an open field or meadow with grasses and
quite possibly a mix of forbs such as goldenrod and asters as well. Remember, the male will need a fairly
substantial stem for his singing perch.</span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">When looking for a Sword-bearing Conehead, I’ll often find
meadow katydid nymphs and adults. Slender Meadow Katydids mature in later July,
as do the Sword-bearers. Tiny Short-winged Meadow Katydid nymphs will also
be searching for seeds. </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdjU7BGDsk9D-ExwlDDJX7FkDVLsAOfv0y9N6i699yPpQLUjg7MGaI2gwNNubkVxE3DabJD4dbiPxOpnHPhuOijW-h82HGFpNVDcWHRCa8thbzQ29fbDuEQq9IHmW1-r1L7hMdTXDi7R5pJ_JxYZscVOUBLqAsD58SRphSgMABD-29HeGswhq9ZBXK/s800/Conocephalus%20nymph%20on%20timothy1%20Novak%208-4-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="642" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdjU7BGDsk9D-ExwlDDJX7FkDVLsAOfv0y9N6i699yPpQLUjg7MGaI2gwNNubkVxE3DabJD4dbiPxOpnHPhuOijW-h82HGFpNVDcWHRCa8thbzQ29fbDuEQq9IHmW1-r1L7hMdTXDi7R5pJ_JxYZscVOUBLqAsD58SRphSgMABD-29HeGswhq9ZBXK/w514-h640/Conocephalus%20nymph%20on%20timothy1%20Novak%208-4-14.JPG" width="514" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaXBBBsfvw701j7mvw9BfIxwBliWAgDIRQ6Dsu0p4SDwOPj0fX-GVstX-wx829z7h0LWlqdmTUFz6vWCA05UJvHxoCujUDlXQK6JfUqynCJQkJQjqVnhZhfyJvhtMjpS__wICZpve0S7yD_1pNxLY9sPxCQ9rPRZvYjQQxaSLFgPbAJA67Dvmc7InA/s1551/Conocephalus%20nymph%20on%20timothy%20very%20tiny%20Observatory%207-4-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1289" data-original-width="1551" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaXBBBsfvw701j7mvw9BfIxwBliWAgDIRQ6Dsu0p4SDwOPj0fX-GVstX-wx829z7h0LWlqdmTUFz6vWCA05UJvHxoCujUDlXQK6JfUqynCJQkJQjqVnhZhfyJvhtMjpS__wICZpve0S7yD_1pNxLY9sPxCQ9rPRZvYjQQxaSLFgPbAJA67Dvmc7InA/w400-h333/Conocephalus%20nymph%20on%20timothy%20very%20tiny%20Observatory%207-4-20R.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Why not see what you can learn about these neighbors? If
they live in the same habitat, do they share similarities with the
Sword-bearing Coneheads? </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Slender Meadow Katydids may not have a prominent cone,
but they, too can also perch, eat, and sing upside down. Their slender, green bodies
and long, brown wings create an impressive blend with the grasses in which they
live. They, too, love seeds! </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/217922617&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/slender-meadow-katydid" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Slender Meadow Katydid">Slender Meadow Katydid</a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;">
<i> </i></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><i></i></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBFwp-Dkl2kAIzPU8ZisE0YTo5aqr79fmMVgiDU0wZ0h7hFZNl70gXTMB_mio981ApS-n4sLwQ9GMRE22bYjZfSFWEsYHmhgMwPXGzUpODwfBMy3PpW_EoWj5jKf2dlIQjLkiJ24EkdAW10NmSwOlftYERjgoswug4yc264kel3UT1uo92zpX3P_6/s1024/Slender%20MK%20female%20Sandy%20Ridge%208-21-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1024" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBFwp-Dkl2kAIzPU8ZisE0YTo5aqr79fmMVgiDU0wZ0h7hFZNl70gXTMB_mio981ApS-n4sLwQ9GMRE22bYjZfSFWEsYHmhgMwPXGzUpODwfBMy3PpW_EoWj5jKf2dlIQjLkiJ24EkdAW10NmSwOlftYERjgoswug4yc264kel3UT1uo92zpX3P_6/w640-h550/Slender%20MK%20female%20Sandy%20Ridge%208-21-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></i></span></div><p></p><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Slender Meadow Katydid female (Conocephalus fasciatus)<br /></i></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i><br /></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">In some areas, the habitat may be shared with Straight-lanced
Meadow Katydids. Look at the female’s ovipositor – she’s carrying a substantial
sword herself. And look at the little bump on this species’ head: it’s not
quite a cone, but it looks like it could grow into one. These katydids live in
grassy fields and are also seed-eaters. </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/354079895&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/straight-lanced-meadow-katydid-two-song-types" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Straight - lanced Meadow Katydid">Straight - lanced Meadow Katydid</a></span></span></span></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEholkSM0mOfYjbV-Hyc0M6XbHQ59fPJ9F_q6i9Ic3qDbiAm9yGx7rDRAFG27mclglX54wDQx-Ge_SwaXalPZ7Al-7r_M4gqGGjWcS4OdPPRakgGt6aZVNCh3BB1GWub9m0ivirxs3gWm9_HW_kFBYxNaX3_Wwvc6r7zup20ik_0d6c2RyHTf5STzmek/s2000/Straight-lanced%20Meadow%20Katydid%20removes%20a%20seed%20Fry%208-7-22R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2000" data-original-width="1996" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEholkSM0mOfYjbV-Hyc0M6XbHQ59fPJ9F_q6i9Ic3qDbiAm9yGx7rDRAFG27mclglX54wDQx-Ge_SwaXalPZ7Al-7r_M4gqGGjWcS4OdPPRakgGt6aZVNCh3BB1GWub9m0ivirxs3gWm9_HW_kFBYxNaX3_Wwvc6r7zup20ik_0d6c2RyHTf5STzmek/w638-h640/Straight-lanced%20Meadow%20Katydid%20removes%20a%20seed%20Fry%208-7-22R.JPG" width="638" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Straight-lanced Meadow Katydid (Conocephalus strictus)</i></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i>Male, above and female, below </i><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMb3Amhx0C_7miRvoyQ8LchSFtgWyYVBvY_d9dgk_o7493CBZrNOAG8NR4uNm-dPK6hxK9hh4HSp1A46BMVsfNeMUPXViTvG_t3eu5_3NOXlgUB5Eqb74QmEy8t1Wgw4kV8erPBRvhEDOnnN9C2SogEQSY3MDD2zXmho6qEGuzNvRQTW61G0Jl3tKq/s1850/Straight-lanced%20Meadow%20Katydid%20female%20now%20has%20seed%20on%20her%20back%20Carlisle%208-24-21.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1833" data-original-width="1850" height="634" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMb3Amhx0C_7miRvoyQ8LchSFtgWyYVBvY_d9dgk_o7493CBZrNOAG8NR4uNm-dPK6hxK9hh4HSp1A46BMVsfNeMUPXViTvG_t3eu5_3NOXlgUB5Eqb74QmEy8t1Wgw4kV8erPBRvhEDOnnN9C2SogEQSY3MDD2zXmho6qEGuzNvRQTW61G0Jl3tKq/w640-h634/Straight-lanced%20Meadow%20Katydid%20female%20now%20has%20seed%20on%20her%20back%20Carlisle%208-24-21.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Short-winged Meadow Katydids are also common in meadows, though they live in edge habitats as well. They're just as fond of seeds as the Slender and Straight-lanced Meadow Katydids and could certainly be found in the same vicinity as the Sword-bearing Coneheads. What I find especially charming about them is how boldly the nymphs climb all the way to the tops of big bluestem after dark so that they can reach the abundance of seeds far above the ground.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/178811859&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/short-winged-meadow-katydid-in-terrarium-11-8-14" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Short-winged Meadow Katydid in terrarium 11-8-14">Short-winged Meadow Katydid</a></span></span></span></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAYh78KBut6XgDSI_FyEnnua_xs3Pk7EMwkkIh4NwL8PCZxDRhm-K67uJ2Dg1XQBhRRBvMPRoy3LqYgQkr6DIdg9B0pHZcl5KurN0qZKEcwo1Ue6O0B8WKLsDGMv87lvklDaolSBT9-LLRG0lqlCkVGHKV7fL4SYcJ6n4SX73rms2ikQ3R_Gsp02ql/s1024/Short-winged%20MK%20female%20and%20seed%20cr%20Moebius%208-20-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="1024" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAYh78KBut6XgDSI_FyEnnua_xs3Pk7EMwkkIh4NwL8PCZxDRhm-K67uJ2Dg1XQBhRRBvMPRoy3LqYgQkr6DIdg9B0pHZcl5KurN0qZKEcwo1Ue6O0B8WKLsDGMv87lvklDaolSBT9-LLRG0lqlCkVGHKV7fL4SYcJ6n4SX73rms2ikQ3R_Gsp02ql/w640-h474/Short-winged%20MK%20female%20and%20seed%20cr%20Moebius%208-20-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <i> Short-winged Meadow Katydid female (Conocephalus brevipennis)</i></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i> </i></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">There are two <i>Orchelimum</i> meadow katydids you may find as well: Gladiator Meadow Katydids in the early summer and Common Meadow Katydids a little later. They are a little larger and heftier than those in the <i>Conocephalus</i> genus, but they appear and sound more similar than different.</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Gladiator Meadow Katydids live in a somewhat wider range of habitats, as they can be found both in grassy meadows and in wetland edges. They are just as enamored with seeds as the other katydids we've visited. </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/274266436&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gladiator-meadow-katydid-bath-nature-preserve" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gladiator Meadow Katydid Bath Nature Preserve">Gladiator Meadow Katydid Bath Nature Preserve</a></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></span></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKdG4ZgxR6MmRn05X5ik5BYzOM98cNfaFPGvM0tDFOKHqvQFXHwdBLi5Tp9-cFTW1FjOY7o_CjEcbMTL5ulbX2p9HE8psZIzla1JMsBo2ZHo1HsGd4TMDxSDGs4Rlvo7ny0raewCnWe9sBnWV5o4zKm_G5v0oZIcEcH4Ca1dWnUd6ZzZyEQGiGOu9Q/s918/Gladiator%20at%20Novak%207-5-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="786" data-original-width="918" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKdG4ZgxR6MmRn05X5ik5BYzOM98cNfaFPGvM0tDFOKHqvQFXHwdBLi5Tp9-cFTW1FjOY7o_CjEcbMTL5ulbX2p9HE8psZIzla1JMsBo2ZHo1HsGd4TMDxSDGs4Rlvo7ny0raewCnWe9sBnWV5o4zKm_G5v0oZIcEcH4Ca1dWnUd6ZzZyEQGiGOu9Q/w640-h548/Gladiator%20at%20Novak%207-5-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <i>Gladiator Meadow Katydid (Orchelimum gladiator)</i><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Common Meadow Katydids are a possibility as well, though they are not as widespread in NE Ohio as our Gladiators. Common Meadow Katydids can be found in fields and meadows, but not typically near wetlands.</span></span><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162355825&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><p></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/common-meadow-katydid-bigelow-cemetery" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Common Meadow Katydid Bigelow Cemetery">Common Meadow Katydid Bigelow Cemetery</a></span></span></span></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqudfdbW7q20eD6_58hDoHynG8qBRUoLwv_BW4CSFY6GFctZn9NlO0MSKHo__NVcjtoSgK2aEPcBm88GtwAaGNVWPC1RjWkQZ7_Kk6U4bi3wiSLGrZqWqs1n-xHcqhCXSTcWaZMdreHs_u4R5dohmcRFX959uKkHrBzrSg7YMYJ5gmEjqFZlYxT4G5/s1024/Common%20Meadow%20Katydid%20in%20big%20bluestem%20seeds%20Letha%20House%208-16-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="874" data-original-width="1024" height="546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgqudfdbW7q20eD6_58hDoHynG8qBRUoLwv_BW4CSFY6GFctZn9NlO0MSKHo__NVcjtoSgK2aEPcBm88GtwAaGNVWPC1RjWkQZ7_Kk6U4bi3wiSLGrZqWqs1n-xHcqhCXSTcWaZMdreHs_u4R5dohmcRFX959uKkHrBzrSg7YMYJ5gmEjqFZlYxT4G5/w640-h546/Common%20Meadow%20Katydid%20in%20big%20bluestem%20seeds%20Letha%20House%208-16-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
<i>Common Meadow Katydid (Orchelimum vulgare)</i></span></span></span><br /></div><p></p></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">It's a nice collection of seed enthusiasts, and any of them may be found
singing and feasting with the Sword-bearing Coneheads. <br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">And what is it about timothy, anyway? It’s a favorite among
coneheads and meadow katydids, but they’re not the only ones. I see meadow and edge habitat tree crickets - including nymphs – on timothy. Beetles. Bugs. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">I've even seen slugs up on timothy seed heads! If we're looking at and listening to the overall Sword-bearer habitat, why not see who else is sharing the dining room?</span></span><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPk7vkW-XoyZx4pM8b8PJwj8mQrCkVOU4WG3jCdNH22bfB3QJDvwnNqdHlMG5k2VI9envQJSn9jbea2zvlwTkr55P-kBFlwpsvp2JXuQKxiwPfS0W_Yylw6_Plx6ioA20bAsepc2ahRkBbQpFMQuIlNQ08-E9hJUz8pgj3maf0PXJ24WGVC7c8Jimv/s1024/Narrow-winged%20TC%20eating%20timothy2%20NCh%209-11-13.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="898" data-original-width="1024" height="562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPk7vkW-XoyZx4pM8b8PJwj8mQrCkVOU4WG3jCdNH22bfB3QJDvwnNqdHlMG5k2VI9envQJSn9jbea2zvlwTkr55P-kBFlwpsvp2JXuQKxiwPfS0W_Yylw6_Plx6ioA20bAsepc2ahRkBbQpFMQuIlNQ08-E9hJUz8pgj3maf0PXJ24WGVC7c8Jimv/w640-h562/Narrow-winged%20TC%20eating%20timothy2%20NCh%209-11-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <i>Narrow-winged Tree Cricket (Oecanthus niveus)</i></span><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">Let's focus next on the various meadow katydid songs and the
Sword-bearing Conehead’s song. Listen: are there similarities? I imagine you'll find the meadow katydids to be challenging to tell apart. Their songs are typically long repetitions of tics and/or whirrs that are fairly high in frequency (as in pitch, not occurrence). Let's do a comparison and you can see (or hear) what you think.<br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>The meadow katydids are quite similar and the Sword-bearing Coneheads seem to blend in nicely with their continuous, high-frequency songs. <span style="line-height: 107%;">Why are such similar songs heard in the same habitat? What makes them suitable for meadows and fields? </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1329404845&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/cones-and-seeds-medley" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Cones and Seeds medley">Cones and Seeds medley</a></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <i><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The order of the singers is: Sword-bearing Conehead, Slender Meadow Katydid, </span></i></span></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Straight-lanced Meadow Katydid, Short-winged Meadow Katydid, Gladiator Meadow Katydid, Common Meadow Katydid, and a return </span></i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><i>to the Sword-bearing Conehead.</i></span></span></span></span><br /></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">I'll compare these to some of the woodland and edge habitat katydids in the next post I write. <br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ll leave you with one more interesting fact about the
Sword-bearing Coneheads. Although they are generally green in my area (NE
Ohio), I have found a couple of brown forms as well. Some coneheads, such as
the Round-tipped, seem to occur in equal numbers of green and brown forms, but a
brown Sword-bearer is a rare treat in NE Ohio. The only two I have found in my area were at Bath Nature Preserve in Summit County. The first photo is a brown female with a rosy face. You'll see how the brown male in the second photo blends beautifully while hiding in the dried grasses. <br /></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIBckK_02tESXqom72k9aw_-w1jvmmDHWlmabhBSrbsirH-abDwa1QPqf83kp-kzvAmMBttGyfPPVc50saCwMBGEFpSuE7V4AT8hqHJn0kalXnBsVq4TitzhVzNgP07cg5wDiLJFDn7Hxs3zQnUWoQdMYyzQ7tGOPzrxqBLQwK0XpCUjSBwChNlqWC/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20brown%20female%20face%20and%20cone2%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="998" data-original-width="1024" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIBckK_02tESXqom72k9aw_-w1jvmmDHWlmabhBSrbsirH-abDwa1QPqf83kp-kzvAmMBttGyfPPVc50saCwMBGEFpSuE7V4AT8hqHJn0kalXnBsVq4TitzhVzNgP07cg5wDiLJFDn7Hxs3zQnUWoQdMYyzQ7tGOPzrxqBLQwK0XpCUjSBwChNlqWC/w640-h624/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20brown%20female%20face%20and%20cone2%20BNP%207-23-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6C8RLxmMmyfI58KNUTPDqpL-7ONHrnwoUzDiQi2qzo7uJcAvkqlNCSglTy6ZrSl6TUbNPHilKnPgoJpHeM91nihwn23dPpRaHG_fyGshersQulMDgJ_aHUYt7G0mJWQO8eKbk_K2OPef3z22Ul1nnsk_07lSsxdEsaYZc3njSpJAG89hfBXNn3El/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20brown%20male%20Garden%20Pond%20BNP%208-23-16%203776x3445.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="935" data-original-width="1024" height="584" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6C8RLxmMmyfI58KNUTPDqpL-7ONHrnwoUzDiQi2qzo7uJcAvkqlNCSglTy6ZrSl6TUbNPHilKnPgoJpHeM91nihwn23dPpRaHG_fyGshersQulMDgJ_aHUYt7G0mJWQO8eKbk_K2OPef3z22Ul1nnsk_07lSsxdEsaYZc3njSpJAG89hfBXNn3El/w640-h584/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20brown%20male%20Garden%20Pond%20BNP%208-23-16%203776x3445.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Assisting with the second Ohio Breeding Bird Atlas taught me a
great deal about watching and listening for behavior, relationships, and
overall context. I approach singing insects in a similar way, and there are
fascinating things to learn from any of them. </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span>
</span></span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;">And what better place to start than coneheads and their
seeds?</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span><span><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTs8txPv88oET4ZPLewN_FP8ivoT_yMwFNBx5Uo-PfS5PC8FPZ1u9T8I64SIZ9K0ICbFHDEzzs9i3V7AAD3h7gaFSJFQj2YAfDiR-zixhgbiI30eOHlmV2SXAuEbruFJnFRsvm0lQtmR3vfVhBi5X2VTD3DkVcC6qbvq1E7jSaYd6VBB-RGBGXA4HO/s1024/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20eye%20Gorman%20Nature%20Center%209-23-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTs8txPv88oET4ZPLewN_FP8ivoT_yMwFNBx5Uo-PfS5PC8FPZ1u9T8I64SIZ9K0ICbFHDEzzs9i3V7AAD3h7gaFSJFQj2YAfDiR-zixhgbiI30eOHlmV2SXAuEbruFJnFRsvm0lQtmR3vfVhBi5X2VTD3DkVcC6qbvq1E7jSaYd6VBB-RGBGXA4HO/w640-h426/Sword-bearing%20Conehead%20eye%20Gorman%20Nature%20Center%209-23-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span><br /><p></p></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-8688285995448748862022-07-01T14:52:00.006-04:002023-09-02T01:27:17.565-04:00Is It Noise or Not Noise?<p> <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8gebLftiAqw0LvlzCkGAI4Cw3HZVtcy4MMx_ExYDhMX84wgQy-8UGnKyOkyJRBcPvZ6rXRxAQd85v2aWt_zR-EXtU6bvuWqNamuBO8PozZymgA6f7G4Oc_CdbhG2m5aIO4H2r3t_Dpd6WwR1_SAsoV3jyz1V7nepbNYjw_3o3FcSaMxG0Lx8L5E9T/s2016/Swine%20Creek%20field%20edge.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8gebLftiAqw0LvlzCkGAI4Cw3HZVtcy4MMx_ExYDhMX84wgQy-8UGnKyOkyJRBcPvZ6rXRxAQd85v2aWt_zR-EXtU6bvuWqNamuBO8PozZymgA6f7G4Oc_CdbhG2m5aIO4H2r3t_Dpd6WwR1_SAsoV3jyz1V7nepbNYjw_3o3FcSaMxG0Lx8L5E9T/w640-h480/Swine%20Creek%20field%20edge.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">It’s July 1st, and the 2021-22 COVID academic year is eight weeks behind me. When I returned
to the forests, meadows, and wetlands </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">in May</span>, I began my homecoming process by simply going to places I
thought might be adequately quiet for listening and recording. That’s not very easy, of
course, since there’s noise almost everywhere. Most of it is generated by
humans, and some of these sounds are more disturbing to me that
others. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">So what is noise, what’s not noise, and what falls somewhere
in between? It's somewhat subjective, and I hadn’t thought about it more specifically until now. I know noise when I hear it,
and it’s almost everywhere.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I'll start in the backyard. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Wendy and I have a little woodland understory backyard in an old, inner-ring suburb of Cleveland.
There are large pin oaks that provide abundant shade and acorns, and we expect
that there are various caterpillars up in the leaves that are providing live
bird food. We’ve planted smaller native trees and shrubs to create the
understory and have ferns and an assortment of native plants creating layers of
green broken only by wood chip paths and rocks. Birds are numerous, not
surprisingly, as well as various cricket species, a couple of katydid species,
and an assortment of other insects.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0W2Zmi__MdAMAX7RnUyYPJI1yL1tj7Jq628Ft5Lmdohnagyholvp9wwOdxJ52O0fEK5k6WcGAJKOJuQ5VRMfFIMfDX0p_yaNNd166jJ9kB3J565pcHpl-0Lrk37bBqGVBrzDDg1HSIveG2z2dFm6Ryz8ajnuaF8KIuvvOWD_lRvutGxik0bE9_pLs/s1993/Wood%20chips%20on%20the%20path%207-4-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1993" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0W2Zmi__MdAMAX7RnUyYPJI1yL1tj7Jq628Ft5Lmdohnagyholvp9wwOdxJ52O0fEK5k6WcGAJKOJuQ5VRMfFIMfDX0p_yaNNd166jJ9kB3J565pcHpl-0Lrk37bBqGVBrzDDg1HSIveG2z2dFm6Ryz8ajnuaF8KIuvvOWD_lRvutGxik0bE9_pLs/w486-h640/Wood%20chips%20on%20the%20path%207-4-21.jpg" width="486" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span> <i>There's a lot of life in this backyard</i><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Sadly, I seldom record here. There is human-generated
noise at almost any time of day and night. You know many of these sonic offenders: the roaring lawnmowers, whining weed
whackers, and bellicose blowers of various sorts. Night brings unnecessarily loud motorcycles
and cars plus necessary sirens for police, fire, and ambulance. Firecrackers – periodically including those that shake windows – startle people and other animals from late spring through at least October.
Private and corporate jets destined for the county airport scream so low overhead
that I can see the lights and landing wheels. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">There's typically more noise than I can edit out of any recordings I might make. It didn't used to be so obtrusive, but the noise level has increased significantly in the past 25+ years.<br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Even the closest park area I could call a “local patch” has
a chronic problem with extensive processions of obnoxiously dominating motorcycles
that obscure all sounds of nature along the road paralleling the river. It's a beautiful location that's full of birds, frogs, and singing insects, but noise from the motorcycles and cut-through traffic and from the air traffic to the Cuyahoga County regional airport make recording frustrating. (The one human-generated noise I forgive is the train whistles in the distance. I did state earlier that it's rather subjective.)</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjT627-rGzi7o0HPybyeaHmOA1dqZDRTjSfo647D3eAmghOJAyJPmU-399rT5L-Z9A5eYISnCJ5BDWv_hLzRBevlza-ZQHiNx1Nu3FNzPYh14pM4SArvBCaVCIzFXiO-0iY4dNPFV4JADtF1kKnlSP0-2bUiN11sMT5hNc5kUSDAUsPF0uw5jzeI49/s1947/Lily%20Lagoon%207-3-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1459" data-original-width="1947" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjT627-rGzi7o0HPybyeaHmOA1dqZDRTjSfo647D3eAmghOJAyJPmU-399rT5L-Z9A5eYISnCJ5BDWv_hLzRBevlza-ZQHiNx1Nu3FNzPYh14pM4SArvBCaVCIzFXiO-0iY4dNPFV4JADtF1kKnlSP0-2bUiN11sMT5hNc5kUSDAUsPF0uw5jzeI49/w640-h480/Lily%20Lagoon%207-3-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>North Chagrin Reservation, Oxbow Lagoon area, Cleveland Metroparks</i><br /></span></p><p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">So I often take my recording equipment out to the more rural parks
and preserves, hoping it’s quiet enough to make some rather nice recordings for my programs and blog posts. I
may have to do a certain amount of editing, but at least it seems possible… </span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">…unless- or really, <b><i>until</i></b> the inevitable jet approaches.
There’s no way to eliminate that wide range of frequencies from a recording. All
I can do is wait impatiently, hoping the jet and the long trails of sound
behind it will be gone before the bird or insect moves or stops singing.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Although I get frustrated and disgusted, noise significantly impacts the birds.
This is how they communicate, especially when they can’t see each other. This
is how many young birds learn the songs of their species. Males impress females
with their virtuosity and repertoire.They challenge and set boundaries with other males of their species with their songs.
Young birds need to learn their songs by ear – if they can hear the adults’
songs well enough to imitate them. For me, not hearing the songs clearly is angering,
frustrating, and deeply sad. But for the birds, it affects their survival. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">So how should I define noise? Is it everything humans do that
affects birds, amphibians, and singing insects’ ability to be heard - and affects other humans as well? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I recently drove almost 40 miles east to the Geauga Park District’s Observatory
Park east of Chardon with hope that I'd find enough quiet to hear the bird song repertoire clearly.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY0AnRJe36fm2qLrp9sLjXQyGFWqn2AHrnyvCFWJ_XVhKQVSjhdBjrdZXqu_Tp8BnpVTob2U8oYb89KnB3d-uodUoUdzgFiJd0oQKeGWqP9VRo4koU5kv1wc2kACsHkpM2pJrEJbITe37jrAZryjgjBRDxV1jQkmYEjg4hd9CF2ux4Wlip1lDcc1Vz/s2016/Observatory%20brook%20on%20BioBlitz%206-4-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1375" data-original-width="2016" height="435" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY0AnRJe36fm2qLrp9sLjXQyGFWqn2AHrnyvCFWJ_XVhKQVSjhdBjrdZXqu_Tp8BnpVTob2U8oYb89KnB3d-uodUoUdzgFiJd0oQKeGWqP9VRo4koU5kv1wc2kACsHkpM2pJrEJbITe37jrAZryjgjBRDxV1jQkmYEjg4hd9CF2ux4Wlip1lDcc1Vz/w640-h435/Observatory%20brook%20on%20BioBlitz%206-4-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">At first, it seemed like it should be possible. There was
no one around- just a couple of cars plus a few trucks on the road involved in some
kind of maintenance work. I started
walking and listening, and I was eventually able to record a Hooded Warbler in
the foreground with an Eastern Wood Pewee in the background, If you look at the
sonogram, you can see the distinct shape of each bird's song</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsQWIkPFnK7d0R6ws54WO4LbNN4SR3wkOIAmLamX1qLclXVXkLhKx9-srdhaW1b-ngeGoyrTOa8OS7S4QXTXVy3OaCYNL-oupdbha0oeNPm86E4T5LAeYJEY0gL0RuVj1bK9f5e8Gy-8NmiiL_xnJXOw9jw0DAOh6i7QzSckpwjYlxXuDlOK1QMJer/s1338/Hooded%20Warbler%20and%20Pewee%20Observatory%206-6-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="105" data-original-width="1338" height="50" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsQWIkPFnK7d0R6ws54WO4LbNN4SR3wkOIAmLamX1qLclXVXkLhKx9-srdhaW1b-ngeGoyrTOa8OS7S4QXTXVy3OaCYNL-oupdbha0oeNPm86E4T5LAeYJEY0gL0RuVj1bK9f5e8Gy-8NmiiL_xnJXOw9jw0DAOh6i7QzSckpwjYlxXuDlOK1QMJer/w640-h50/Hooded%20Warbler%20and%20Pewee%20Observatory%206-6-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295543041&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">But there was an unnatural droning sound that I couldn’t
overlook in the background. I heard it when I was recording the Ovenbird, too. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295546146&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">What was it and where was it coming from, anyway?</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I finally tracked it down. It was a tractor! That’s one I
don’t hear in the city, though some of the landscaping companies that come
around have riding mowers as big as tractors filling up the small front yards
they’re mowing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">So was this noise? It’s human-produced, so probably yes. But it’s a farmer –
just one guy out on his tractor in an agricultural field. I was disappointed,
but more resigned than actually angry. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">The next day, I went to Swine Creek Reservation in an area
of Geauga County with a large Amish community. I hoped that this time, I would just hear horse
hooves and buggies. I started recording near a small parking area at the wooded edge of a field.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">An Indigo Bunting broadcasting his song from his perch on a dead tree limb was subsequently joined by a Song Sparrow. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295543716&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/indigo-bunting-joined-by-song-sparrow" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Indigo Bunting Joined By Song Sparrow">Indigo Bunting Joined By Song Sparrow</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I decided I’d walk down to the creek, cross, and hike up the
ridge on the other side. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvfQXHWfXoeE863tvwQRxckIw0uTDAaxojI9O5Z4NTwrSviAouA4M_DwrwGdSW0PLLSZzzDqK3KDgNFF8F6bIRqdvA90zwJa8vHbHn0rrpgDMyfNAHKvxTbx_-PgycZnJN0GxdNNxB-lIyKJpjJLZuHRrEz58bp50lC_VnVuP0XudkyFSpzueggsB4/s2016/Swine%20Creek%20larger%20photo%20use%20for%20kids.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvfQXHWfXoeE863tvwQRxckIw0uTDAaxojI9O5Z4NTwrSviAouA4M_DwrwGdSW0PLLSZzzDqK3KDgNFF8F6bIRqdvA90zwJa8vHbHn0rrpgDMyfNAHKvxTbx_-PgycZnJN0GxdNNxB-lIyKJpjJLZuHRrEz58bp50lC_VnVuP0XudkyFSpzueggsB4/w640-h480/Swine%20Creek%20larger%20photo%20use%20for%20kids.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I began recording before crossing the creek but stopped
when a mom and her kids arrived to play in the water. Soon, another mom and
kids followed. No one was quietly pondering the wonders of nature. These kids
were in the creek, and they were yelling and occasionally shrieking. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295542162&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">But they <i>should</i>
be playing outside in a creek and kids are going to yell. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may prevent my being able to record, but I
decided it’s not exactly noise. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I crossed the creek and began my walk into the forest.
Although I seldom actually saw birds, I could hear those that were close,
others more distant, and the begging calls of nestlings. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIYmmiZvV7MAislEMeZsIifcQOSwtIyzRwJgaJbYWVL8_ayx1HO6o-P2ajZ4f7b2WLZcLj4UYFvObAAmDEGRMfuT68-YVrvT7559mPA0a_GGbRWqSBx8_BHZF84p6eo-nL3qt0HPc4e6iTAxzsIB_xHXl7jXUDNJpfaAUJiJDG0GQzetMx6yvZA2rD/s2016/Swine%20Creek%20ridge%20top.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIYmmiZvV7MAislEMeZsIifcQOSwtIyzRwJgaJbYWVL8_ayx1HO6o-P2ajZ4f7b2WLZcLj4UYFvObAAmDEGRMfuT68-YVrvT7559mPA0a_GGbRWqSBx8_BHZF84p6eo-nL3qt0HPc4e6iTAxzsIB_xHXl7jXUDNJpfaAUJiJDG0GQzetMx6yvZA2rD/w640-h480/Swine%20Creek%20ridge%20top.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295540344&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/acadian-flycatcher-near-swine-creek" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Acadian Flycatcher Near Swine Creek">Acadian Flycatcher Near Swine Creek</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Recording is so much more than simply pressing the record
button when someone is singing. It’s really about listening closely to the
nuances of the songs I might miss otherwise. It’s also about context. What’s
going on around this bird? Does he vary his songs? Is another male responding
and challenging him? </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">“Observation” isn’t only a visual term. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">There are times when a habitat may look quite glorious yet is
so dominated by human noise that birds are likely experiencing significant
difficulty communicating with others of their species. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, birds - and even smaller mammals
- must be able to stay alert for avian alarm calls warning of an approaching
predator. When the chipmunk starts calling, it's possible that the birds are paying attention as well. So as annoying as it may become after a while, this is not - in my opinion - noise.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295548906&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/red-eyed-vireo-then-an-upset-chipmunk" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Red - Eyed Vireo then an Upset Chipmunk">Red - Eyed Vireo then an Upset Chipmunk</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Doesn't this look attractive? It's a vibrant location I recently investigated after coming across it on a park district website. </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp2IIRVQcFKDzr-hMq6XOxwGte6wMy4m3ApvcFtXAlfPZtll3GrKTQeJHfzd9XkFtSEl8r906QUFTw6NnlKtxmOjwVHeo5eZWi-kJnBYj09L_STS40Rf--4vST0zPmIClzojkB_QpOi63iNDSUXt6oU-OMGSl1rGpfWTJ1qQOi7Ai1c81bq3OvOkIr/s2016/Strongsville%20Wildlife%20Area%202022.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1369" data-original-width="2016" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp2IIRVQcFKDzr-hMq6XOxwGte6wMy4m3ApvcFtXAlfPZtll3GrKTQeJHfzd9XkFtSEl8r906QUFTw6NnlKtxmOjwVHeo5eZWi-kJnBYj09L_STS40Rf--4vST0zPmIClzojkB_QpOi63iNDSUXt6oU-OMGSl1rGpfWTJ1qQOi7Ai1c81bq3OvOkIr/w640-h434/Strongsville%20Wildlife%20Area%202022.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>Strongsville Wildlife Area, Mill Stream Run Reservation.</i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> It was full of birds when I arrived, yet I couldn’t hear them
clearly because...</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtOp-eKgYUjAuxl-uut87GeoFOyPaClrLkcjPJX4_6zBJ6gpsnCno4FI9C2h62Kkm0TTD7TyOcrznhgJpjvd5_py8BMAZ41tAYpwovG38jUE-wsQ_db7u1txu_0AyYjvyrhAYbFKdw-KNa7FlBuQG90GUqy6zRnJ_9k8F0e9h-ZE73JH-XDW2xkBkx/s1382/Strongsville%20Wildlife%20Area%20and%20I-71%20noise%20and%20birds.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="153" data-original-width="1382" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtOp-eKgYUjAuxl-uut87GeoFOyPaClrLkcjPJX4_6zBJ6gpsnCno4FI9C2h62Kkm0TTD7TyOcrznhgJpjvd5_py8BMAZ41tAYpwovG38jUE-wsQ_db7u1txu_0AyYjvyrhAYbFKdw-KNa7FlBuQG90GUqy6zRnJ_9k8F0e9h-ZE73JH-XDW2xkBkx/w640-h70/Strongsville%20Wildlife%20Area%20and%20I-71%20noise%20and%20birds.jpg" width="640" /></a></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295550922&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Just look at the sonogram! Can you see how the birdsong is
being obliterated?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">On the other side of the trees is a major freeway. Sadly,
this is not the first time I’ve had to walk away from what looked like an
intriguing habitat to study simply because of relentless human noise. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Park districts can
save, restore, and create vibrant habitats, but they can’t move freeways. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">During this same time period, I went to one of my favorite
places in all of NE Ohio: Lake Erie Bluffs. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhspPsU1locJpXqj12AE4OAMOZhW8tj6jklFMSWI2ArVSvJjcdOFNUf5A83FJRPrQCWSgj74Rtu0ohwqLZz-6hBEfvYsSnh45iD_YwPgpaGhgLKdl2wiYL5ZbHogrGDKrWYaXY7tedaqJLdoMfnFjMQUZ571ylU2DMAkxIDnGf5R-sK3Yw8xPOp8tQf/s1963/Lake%20Erie%20Bluffs%20sunset%206-27-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1473" data-original-width="1963" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhspPsU1locJpXqj12AE4OAMOZhW8tj6jklFMSWI2ArVSvJjcdOFNUf5A83FJRPrQCWSgj74Rtu0ohwqLZz-6hBEfvYsSnh45iD_YwPgpaGhgLKdl2wiYL5ZbHogrGDKrWYaXY7tedaqJLdoMfnFjMQUZ571ylU2DMAkxIDnGf5R-sK3Yw8xPOp8tQf/w640-h480/Lake%20Erie%20Bluffs%20sunset%206-27-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"> I walked the bluff trail that's typically filled with Yellow Warblers, Catbirds. and Song Sparrows.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295549689&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">This particular Catbird was having a sonic struggle with a speedboat, however. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295547310&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></p>
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Then just as I was recording an especially splendid Song Sparrow, a brisk walker crunched past on the fine gravel. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295552905&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I was surprised by how far away she was when my microphone first alerted me to her approach and how long after her passing I could still hear her. But was that noise? No. She was just out for a walk. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Although I deeply love this park, I
tend to stay away in the summer because of the noise from speed boats, jet
skis, and yachts. No verbal description is needed here. I’ll just offer this
recording from May 30th.
. </span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjWtza1MHMpTqZ05PG11APRGGASjqLtbK5jAy4dl2AkXgbdRiPwxlOxdOKjD-Mk9fawZgz5PTc6ueijDpXdSLa6JRtO94Cc_CB3EbbuZEC9z8PeVuD8ldOm2-UUxDEe5-zNznsspk7nHrBAPLC0bLH0BfCzTDcemXBtAbgtkqo41cdvfziz11EA1o2/s1380/Lake%20Erie%20Bluffs%20birds%20and%20yacht%205-30-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="1380" height="60" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjWtza1MHMpTqZ05PG11APRGGASjqLtbK5jAy4dl2AkXgbdRiPwxlOxdOKjD-Mk9fawZgz5PTc6ueijDpXdSLa6JRtO94Cc_CB3EbbuZEC9z8PeVuD8ldOm2-UUxDEe5-zNznsspk7nHrBAPLC0bLH0BfCzTDcemXBtAbgtkqo41cdvfziz11EA1o2/w640-h60/Lake%20Erie%20Bluffs%20birds%20and%20yacht%205-30-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295545591&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Of course, I’m not going to leave you with that sonic
obscenity. Here’s the song of an excellent Gray Catbird at Lake Erie Bluffs. There's a train in the distance, as is often the case there.</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1295541025&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">I’ll close with the song of Swine Creek itself. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuhkQ38I5nAXXowh3nTNLh7kvgPAdJlygsWxsLHYMa6eYTF7qsNoxzsdLBys_HBmVuO5FVZ846Lg4zGZkasGk4jFragvsKQCfNQ_Ugvwta-UdhrBIsksYBxB2wpsnLTEuc5-ygxSdWPOsmaq4KTSHSB_TXLLvnn2YYo2vhamk7s5tbg9h6-1y2lczK/s2016/Swine%20Creek%20rocks%20and%20water2%207-3-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuhkQ38I5nAXXowh3nTNLh7kvgPAdJlygsWxsLHYMa6eYTF7qsNoxzsdLBys_HBmVuO5FVZ846Lg4zGZkasGk4jFragvsKQCfNQ_Ugvwta-UdhrBIsksYBxB2wpsnLTEuc5-ygxSdWPOsmaq4KTSHSB_TXLLvnn2YYo2vhamk7s5tbg9h6-1y2lczK/w640-h480/Swine%20Creek%20rocks%20and%20water2%207-3-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><p></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1296774982&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span><p></p><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
<br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">What are your
biggest noise offenders? What are the sounds that are loud or annoying but not
noise? (To me, that would be Common Grackle fledglings outside the window as I write, the whining Blue Jay fledglings,
and the crowd of European Starling fledglings that have finally moved along from their residency at the backyard feeders.) And what
gets a pass because there’s a certain connection for you, like train whistles
for me? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">You can leave messages on this blog (listeninginnature.blogspot.com),
on my Facebook page if that’s where you found this blog post, or even by email if that's how you received an update from me. (Lisa.rainsong@listeninginnature.com.)<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: medium; line-height: 107%;">Shall I add some of your responses to the end of this post? Check back and see! </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPHklLtZn9TANDMmtqsI-gqzEGDayI2egBEzSI3NKJ2covA4Vez5UEIxYUxaaRijRm6FioKJXc0p7nLOT6rAaETH07asFNcFI4uEnaoMOPoMnD5kk-C_DGVOSHTFHmbiaibkrKtFxJB2XguAI5AydepLZsyz7GA-WpahVIzkjzV0OFQK8LRTNSOtQJ/s2016/Observatory%20trail%201a%206-6-22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPHklLtZn9TANDMmtqsI-gqzEGDayI2egBEzSI3NKJ2covA4Vez5UEIxYUxaaRijRm6FioKJXc0p7nLOT6rAaETH07asFNcFI4uEnaoMOPoMnD5kk-C_DGVOSHTFHmbiaibkrKtFxJB2XguAI5AydepLZsyz7GA-WpahVIzkjzV0OFQK8LRTNSOtQJ/w640-h480/Observatory%20trail%201a%206-6-22.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>Observatory Park, Geauga County<br /> </i></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p></p>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-8928365638724728042021-11-21T16:46:00.000-05:002021-11-21T16:46:20.025-05:00Taking Attendance<div style="text-align: left;"><p> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwChzN-21SHFYNLLrybrsfUyNfaLRaK4qEfPwdmvFdbHE_RLx-1blIdcTV4vK9VNinXjVWC0C1B1lILl_n_d2DkngqEqsZytsQVi-vA2gXeYSkywuEHkKihKwrOj91ixmGQasdUcTsNFQ/s2016/Kytherian+Road2+10-31-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwChzN-21SHFYNLLrybrsfUyNfaLRaK4qEfPwdmvFdbHE_RLx-1blIdcTV4vK9VNinXjVWC0C1B1lILl_n_d2DkngqEqsZytsQVi-vA2gXeYSkywuEHkKihKwrOj91ixmGQasdUcTsNFQ/w640-h480/Kytherian+Road2+10-31-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><div style="text-align: center;"></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">NE Ohio did not have a gentle autumn decrescendo this year.
I thought it might be yet another warm fall after the hot weather in the first
half of October, but a dramatic change in late fall brought early winter
temperatures and an end to the singing insect season that often lasts into
early November near Lake Erie. Instead of late-season field explorations, I sat
inside with crickets and katydids singing in the dining room and considered
what felt so odd about this year’s field season. <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It wasn’t the crickets. All the various crickets I expected
to find were present everywhere I went. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Previous blog posts have detailed my documentation of the
northward advancement of Handsome Trigs and Jumping Bush Crickets. They certainly
continued their steady progress into the lakeshore counties and the snow belt
this year. Parts of Geauga County are even beginning to sound like Portage and
Summit Counties, where Jumping Bush Crickets can obscure other members of the
singing insect chorus.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfC_PDAobAGLvEjc7OAX-HP5BT5EwBTunSfHM5w4SrEsnOCgjOGgy2qAwUlbbckRn856PBD8CMxFiGlMhRQ1plF5GjI9o3ogpBGW9S3L-PIE6X_qqwbpvlJOyiiIf3aLnUfKP5MxiI6k8/s1800/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+from+Holbrook+2020.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1472" data-original-width="1800" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfC_PDAobAGLvEjc7OAX-HP5BT5EwBTunSfHM5w4SrEsnOCgjOGgy2qAwUlbbckRn856PBD8CMxFiGlMhRQ1plF5GjI9o3ogpBGW9S3L-PIE6X_qqwbpvlJOyiiIf3aLnUfKP5MxiI6k8/w640-h524/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+from+Holbrook+2020.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i><span style="font-size: small;">Jumping Bush Cricket (Orocharis saltatur) female. Geauga County, NE Ohio.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></i><br /></span></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/367654724&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/jumping-bush-cricket" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Jumping Bush Cricket">Jumping Bush Cricket</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Later in the season, I was able to learn a little more
about the look-alike and sound-alike Black-horned Tree Crickets and Forbes’s
Tree Crickets whose ranges overlap here. I’ve improved my ear training skills
for identifying the two species by sound, especially when both are in the same
location. The more familiar I become with them, the easier it becomes to hear
the difference in the overtones of their songs. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMmwbClTt_f8LdO2Mjq5Y_SZjWVyCxMC-SQjiFlrplwfmiCdMYROdWCHua6Q0UckPMEDIFkv194qtEymjcdYjMQm2FIVVaqPR4L8K9aOcy34GF6rn8MIRUglI9QwRJ9dCS1elGNyYrLi4/s680/Forbes+singing+male+Garden+Bowl1cr+BNP+8-30-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="661" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMmwbClTt_f8LdO2Mjq5Y_SZjWVyCxMC-SQjiFlrplwfmiCdMYROdWCHua6Q0UckPMEDIFkv194qtEymjcdYjMQm2FIVVaqPR4L8K9aOcy34GF6rn8MIRUglI9QwRJ9dCS1elGNyYrLi4/w622-h640/Forbes+singing+male+Garden+Bowl1cr+BNP+8-30-16.JPG" width="622" /></a></span></div><p></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Forbes's Tree Cricket </span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">(Oecanthus forbesi)</span></i></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I added a new aspect to my search this year: investigating
habitat preferences for these two species. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It appears that the Black-horneds, where present, prefer
edge habitat with a mix of shrubs, blackberry, and goldenrod. They seem far
less likely to be in the large, open, goldenrod-filled meadows that are the
typical habitat of large numbers of Forbes’s Tree Crickets. In fact, I have
found Black-horneds several feet up in shrubs and small trees that are out of
reach of the tip of my shotgun microphone. This can make photographing and
catching them more of a challenge for a 5’3” inch human. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Forbes’s are less of a problem. I just need to be willing
to push and plod through dense stands of goldenrod that are at least as high as
I am tall. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I noticed a possible habitat division at The Rookery in the
Geauga County park district. This park is unusual in that it supports a much
higher percentage of Black-horneds than of Forbes, but I didn’t have any idea
why that might be. I decided to try refining my search by observing where
each species was concentrated. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">How did I do this? By ear. I later checked my accuracy by
recording a number of these crickets, noting the habitat and the temperature on their
individual plants, and then counting the number of wing strokes per second in my
sonograms </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Next, I decided to revisit a preserve that had plenty of both species. The Buttonbush Trail area of Summit
County Metroparks’ Pond Brook Conservation Area was an obvious choice. I’d
surveyed this area for singing insects in 2013 and subsequently searched specifically
for Black-horned and Forbes’s Tree Crickets in 2018. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Black-horned were somewhat more common than Forbes’s at that time (about 60% and 40%). My field notes even indicated that along Pond Brook
itself, one species was on the left side of the trail and the other was on the
right. You can hear Pond Brook in my 2018 recording of these two species - Forbes's first, then Black-horned.</span> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/572503656&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/forbes-then-black-horned-tree-cricket-at-pond-brook-8-28-18" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Forbes's Tree Cricket Then Black Horned Tree Cricket at Pond Brook 8 - 28 - 18">Forbes's Tree Cricket Then Black Horned Tree Cricket at Pond Brook 8 - 28 - 18</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I’d simply noted their occurrence at that time, but now I wanted to know
why they seemed to be separated instead of mixed together. Was the vegetation
the difference? I had the beginning of an idea.</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It seems to be my pattern to get compelling ideas late in
the season when time is short. This one was no exception, and I knew I wouldn’t
have time for an extensive study. I had to begin to pursue my intriguing idea,
though, so I decided to search for Black-horneds, as they are less common
overall in my region.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I applied my developing ear training skills to my habitat
hypothesis and recorded the ones I thought were Black-horned. In fact, I even
brought three probable Black-horneds home so that I could record all of
them at exactly the same temperature. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEI_HP0JEyyv2Jgpx0cLxOu7ChzAB9RuBN0nRhMKiOdGNlyHzBmXiCTyK8zebARlQe3uoMSVTd_U2Z6kCbJhSTL_1cFIcdqrgKUHykS417SfMea9btWAjhMoZhRszJdrgC_AzGfrGVU8o/s983/Black-horned+Tree+Cricket+singing+male1+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="743" data-original-width="983" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEI_HP0JEyyv2Jgpx0cLxOu7ChzAB9RuBN0nRhMKiOdGNlyHzBmXiCTyK8zebARlQe3uoMSVTd_U2Z6kCbJhSTL_1cFIcdqrgKUHykS417SfMea9btWAjhMoZhRszJdrgC_AzGfrGVU8o/w640-h484/Black-horned+Tree+Cricket+singing+male1+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>Black-horned Tree Cricket (Oecanthus nigricornis) </i></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/573997911&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-horned-tree-cricket-lake-kelso-8-27-18" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black - Horned Tree Cricket 2018">Black - Horned Tree Cricket 2018</a></div>
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Every one of my three indoor residents and all the others I recorded in
the field were indeed Black-horneds. I’d found all of them in intimidating
thickets of shrubs, blackberry and young trees. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4G1Np2btBlbE1rR24wCrGFXcjXqe2IAx8K5z_WF_RJHXrbx7vlitqRaj1C-rRZDim1cOPCAGTYmNujfxvyZACBoLNdLP1CfmvXOt6Kqe3hKIuYleYrREaB29HtjXEwqXdpluq7AFYb58/s1965/Pond+Brook+Buttonbush+trail+fall+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1469" data-original-width="1965" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4G1Np2btBlbE1rR24wCrGFXcjXqe2IAx8K5z_WF_RJHXrbx7vlitqRaj1C-rRZDim1cOPCAGTYmNujfxvyZACBoLNdLP1CfmvXOt6Kqe3hKIuYleYrREaB29HtjXEwqXdpluq7AFYb58/w640-h478/Pond+Brook+Buttonbush+trail+fall+2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>Black-horned tree Crickets were singing here along Buttonbush trail at Pond Brook</i></span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Black-horned Tree Crickets were in the blackberry, the shrubs, and a few were even in the smaller trees up to 8 feet high. Any goldenrod was mixed in with the blackberry and shrubs.</span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEZpMEVkQWwWtibFVyZj5o0npldjlFTQC4VoZzIxRo_QaKmdfnbsftFpiI0BFVuAe0ud7PeUyNK_xl5tytsDdcArLmRdSBIgGpZsvxF8WJNAEBjeHxihOWqCSMLTuYHgg7RrwsMXF6mRk/s2016/Pond+Brook+Buttonbush3+fall+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEZpMEVkQWwWtibFVyZj5o0npldjlFTQC4VoZzIxRo_QaKmdfnbsftFpiI0BFVuAe0ud7PeUyNK_xl5tytsDdcArLmRdSBIgGpZsvxF8WJNAEBjeHxihOWqCSMLTuYHgg7RrwsMXF6mRk/w640-h480/Pond+Brook+Buttonbush3+fall+2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i>A few were even in this tangle, including well above my head!</i><br /></span></div><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Edge habitat or clumps of shrubs
and small trees in a more open area? Look for Black-horned. Wide-open
goldenrod-filled meadow? It will be filled with Forbes’s as far as the ear can
hear. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmWh5WluDhKTXpzxFN1W0r17zT1WaVZ9c341BAgylMWJi8tvdVQ1g7AymnlYzNSzME-nkI_wLS-zU4vAMYb2NLarJF-utCNVLpPgXLlVGKCpzmeHqsa0O-iPFUYzMiYUW8UcP2x_1yi0Y/s2010/Frohring+goldenrod+meadow3+fall+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1447" data-original-width="2010" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmWh5WluDhKTXpzxFN1W0r17zT1WaVZ9c341BAgylMWJi8tvdVQ1g7AymnlYzNSzME-nkI_wLS-zU4vAMYb2NLarJF-utCNVLpPgXLlVGKCpzmeHqsa0O-iPFUYzMiYUW8UcP2x_1yi0Y/w640-h460/Frohring+goldenrod+meadow3+fall+2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i> A festival of Forbes's Tree Crickets will be singing here at Frohring Meadows, </i></span><br /></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This isn’t a definitive discovery, of course; it’s an engaging
first step that <span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">could be </span>the
beginning of my plans for next year. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But what about the katydids?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrQkstYyW5tNrsNfTQkIb7l_gryKQeI74x9NLfv6vIE12Gp97iEt6VEfduU_9D1W4Bp48ioNSyVVIXWclPfYExoh7ugckMi4tcRlQQ39vEh_lCyN_d1wl9qjm6vvnVCpAhBEeipahpxyw/s1851/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+male+climbing+Rogers+Rd+7-19-21R+%25282%2529.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1450" data-original-width="1851" height="502" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrQkstYyW5tNrsNfTQkIb7l_gryKQeI74x9NLfv6vIE12Gp97iEt6VEfduU_9D1W4Bp48ioNSyVVIXWclPfYExoh7ugckMi4tcRlQQ39vEh_lCyN_d1wl9qjm6vvnVCpAhBEeipahpxyw/w640-h502/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+male+climbing+Rogers+Rd+7-19-21R+%25282%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> The season began with a very encouraging number of
Broad-winged Bush Katydids and Rattler Round-winged Katydids. Broad-winged Bush
Katydids are an expected species beginning in the first week of July. </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkerdRkvQXv_kgFI-oZm4NDrve6HYDUaAj1cgnoKFm7_iFDq5X-MXl3j8IBAYGjq3KgNZPrIzLkb6hTkVuA2oz0n9wsW6IQ2S-QXO7cfzVuZNe85CxKvSvrllzx_ce7KVTN65NzgwS9S4/s1850/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+Rogers+Rd+7-19-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1205" data-original-width="1850" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkerdRkvQXv_kgFI-oZm4NDrve6HYDUaAj1cgnoKFm7_iFDq5X-MXl3j8IBAYGjq3KgNZPrIzLkb6hTkVuA2oz0n9wsW6IQ2S-QXO7cfzVuZNe85CxKvSvrllzx_ce7KVTN65NzgwS9S4/w640-h416/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+Rogers+Rd+7-19-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Broad-winged Bush Katydid</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> (Scudderia pistillata)</span> male, Geauga County, 7-19-21 </span></i></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865043812&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-bush-katydids-two-geauga-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged Bush Katydids Two Geauga 7 - 20 - 20">Broad - Winged Bush Katydids Two Geauga 7 - 20 - 20</a></span></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rattler
Round-winged Katydids are occasional, and they seem to mature in mid-July. I
discovered substantial numbers of them as well and felt quite optimistic about what I’d
find later in July and in August. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The reality was even more troubling as a result.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It started with the Curve-tailed Bush Katydids.<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib66-rlqbN4s25Me7aB4ayi3ylm854ILlEOuHfStVssNHzmOJkdJmqmC2lbePMxRH9ynOQ3c7XjjdWF2ZdW5ImF08vI5kDTW4Q8SvYrzBC2C1IBZM5pTieGAUwaCbl-Cj1LqovUvWvWAU/s1024/Curve-tailed+Bush+Katydid+female+in+dew+and+goldenrod+Novak+9-9-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1024" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib66-rlqbN4s25Me7aB4ayi3ylm854ILlEOuHfStVssNHzmOJkdJmqmC2lbePMxRH9ynOQ3c7XjjdWF2ZdW5ImF08vI5kDTW4Q8SvYrzBC2C1IBZM5pTieGAUwaCbl-Cj1LqovUvWvWAU/w640-h504/Curve-tailed+Bush+Katydid+female+in+dew+and+goldenrod+Novak+9-9-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <i>A Curve-tailed Bush Katydid female's ovipositor is her "curved tail."</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>(Recording below also includes a Fall Field cricket) </i><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #c00000;"></span></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/275272218&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/curve-tailed-bush-katydid-1" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Curve-tailed Bush Katydid">Curve-tailed Bush Katydid</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I expect to find Curve-tailed Bush Katydids in strong
numbers everywhere shortly after the Broad-wingeds mature, but where were they
this year?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">They are by far the most common of the <i>Scudderia </i><span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">in NE Ohio</span>, yet I only
occasionally saw or heard even one in the counties I visited. Some species like
the Oblong-winged Katydid have abundant years followed by sparse ones, but not
Curve-taileds. It would never have occurred to me that they wouldn’t be
widespread. What was different?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AmAFjYO1L7e5zSUiG1mnoUawGlLwmt65EbwtqQX-oJBhw1KOlBUmP8p7o4L0f1f2P1C4Y3eFRttjiK1ZohPjpEx0b9e6weVz5EpSPXWpbcetUDRaz5OrCBQgkJVW_Rej3h9-AFMadqA/s1024/Curve-tailed+BK+female+walking+through+dew-covered+goldenrod+Novak+9-9-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8AmAFjYO1L7e5zSUiG1mnoUawGlLwmt65EbwtqQX-oJBhw1KOlBUmP8p7o4L0f1f2P1C4Y3eFRttjiK1ZohPjpEx0b9e6weVz5EpSPXWpbcetUDRaz5OrCBQgkJVW_Rej3h9-AFMadqA/w640-h426/Curve-tailed+BK+female+walking+through+dew-covered+goldenrod+Novak+9-9-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"> <i>Curve-tailed Bush Katydid </i><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><i>(Scudderia curvicauda) female</i><br /></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The subsequent lack of Texas Bush Katydids in August was
also concerning. While there may be more individuals some years than others, I saw
none in 2021 and possibly heard just one. I visited multiple parks and preserves
in counties both east and west of Cleveland, yet there were no Texas Bush
Katydids and only one or two Curve-taileds. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3XdiDzPI1-hjjclvcuQj3H8WTDGJMo4ODF7y3gMTekf0TFwrhm3J1jqnhlVa4qtjS6YZxx2iGqlkAW2dB2G1AVXrAko5T-JS0bFM_SZe19GFMc-fyN0hCcPFG4gvo4M8Gh3kiU8oY1-8/s1024/Texas+Bush+Katydid+stepping+to+new+plant+Kingsbury+9-6-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="634" data-original-width="1024" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3XdiDzPI1-hjjclvcuQj3H8WTDGJMo4ODF7y3gMTekf0TFwrhm3J1jqnhlVa4qtjS6YZxx2iGqlkAW2dB2G1AVXrAko5T-JS0bFM_SZe19GFMc-fyN0hCcPFG4gvo4M8Gh3kiU8oY1-8/w640-h396/Texas+Bush+Katydid+stepping+to+new+plant+Kingsbury+9-6-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Texas Bush Katydid <span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Scudderia texensis)</span></i></div><div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1163964799&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/texas-bush-katydid-very-close-70-degrees" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Texas Bush Katydid night song">Texas Bush Katydid night song</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fork-tailed Bush Katydids, perhaps? I don’t see the as adults
as often as the nymphs, yet I only encountered one Fork-tailed nymph this year.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2XpPGtJgxAl2Ab-U44Z3i8sSMhBWdimrvXHb3_NJkvWYqI1TKwPXyPbwQJyYO4HK1uHM-TWb_y_3TXekZT1GZcBFIYTx0EeZasQeiTGBiYorcSHlKFMUvT4_esKWCDZpQAL11DDWAm0/s1850/Fork-tailed+BK+male+nymph+Novak+8-9-14R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1521" data-original-width="1850" height="526" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2XpPGtJgxAl2Ab-U44Z3i8sSMhBWdimrvXHb3_NJkvWYqI1TKwPXyPbwQJyYO4HK1uHM-TWb_y_3TXekZT1GZcBFIYTx0EeZasQeiTGBiYorcSHlKFMUvT4_esKWCDZpQAL11DDWAm0/w640-h526/Fork-tailed+BK+male+nymph+Novak+8-9-14R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Fork-tailed Bush Katydid (Scudderia furcata) male nymph</i><br /></div></div></div><div> <p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What about the other katydids that typically can be found
at eye level? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The bounty of Rattler Round-winged Katydids was very brief,
corresponding with the Broad-winged Bush Katydids in early and mid-July. I did
not find any after this time. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ADkE8Br3pXDTIWHiqG465cRaCcyQb-foosrVPGh4sgB7Tr7inMuNe14dHPQbHPoeb8OlX2AJQivOu_BybM-pPmwjgAET5l6kslf2CnDHOm8YvDXf3I-hyPQcf-K61ghyzruFYBC2r6w/s1850/Rattler+Round-winged+Katydid+female+Burton+Wetlands+7-29-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1320" data-original-width="1850" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5ADkE8Br3pXDTIWHiqG465cRaCcyQb-foosrVPGh4sgB7Tr7inMuNe14dHPQbHPoeb8OlX2AJQivOu_BybM-pPmwjgAET5l6kslf2CnDHOm8YvDXf3I-hyPQcf-K61ghyzruFYBC2r6w/w640-h456/Rattler+Round-winged+Katydid+female+Burton+Wetlands+7-29-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Rattler Round-winged Katydid (Amblycorypha rotundifolia) female. Geauga County, 2021</i><br /></div></div><div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Oblong-winged Katydids are more common in some years than
others and I didn’t expect a large number after 2020’s outstanding season.<span style="color: #c00000;"> </span>But even in slower years, they’re always present –
except in 2021. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPK7qTL-7FCGuPKYiUgM7x_EU5tDo6vV15ZlIVmmXYUhPBht1XFeWGbLpz1tIqSqiVg__mW3dt6ev1zDZeVZyHZ-kIy4VVSgn0UzyRfNIeu80VG5wo7MAKJwMJyICthdH02ATmyOyXAxc/s1850/Oblong-winged+emerges2+9-1-20R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPK7qTL-7FCGuPKYiUgM7x_EU5tDo6vV15ZlIVmmXYUhPBht1XFeWGbLpz1tIqSqiVg__mW3dt6ev1zDZeVZyHZ-kIy4VVSgn0UzyRfNIeu80VG5wo7MAKJwMJyICthdH02ATmyOyXAxc/w640-h426/Oblong-winged+emerges2+9-1-20R.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Oblong-winged Katydid (Amblycorypha oblongifolia) emerges from the vegetation</i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Meadow katydid numbers were neither plentiful nor
alarmingly low, though there weren’t as many Black-legged Meadow Katydids in
the wet areas as I would typically find. Our ever-present Sword-bearing
Coneheads did not form the usual dense wall of sound along every trail, but at
least scattered coneheads were singing. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZIBlFWiuL92buaH2Qhbqx7FHbGj54t42esXgN9qE07ZoOXmV9mKzwcQHtYB6Vk2wV2AcfXzLUiQMqQb1PAPK5-aOumw1BSiBTmsSZ76SLca_6raMn91dHQ7xeLJWsDVb9fF_22StQ1A/s1517/Sword-bearing+Conehead+cone+pattern+Holbrook+8-22-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1517" data-original-width="1000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrZIBlFWiuL92buaH2Qhbqx7FHbGj54t42esXgN9qE07ZoOXmV9mKzwcQHtYB6Vk2wV2AcfXzLUiQMqQb1PAPK5-aOumw1BSiBTmsSZ76SLca_6raMn91dHQ7xeLJWsDVb9fF_22StQ1A/w422-h640/Sword-bearing+Conehead+cone+pattern+Holbrook+8-22-20.JPG" width="422" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <i>Sword-bearing Conehead (Neoconocephalus ensiger)</i><br /></div><div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">True Katydids and Greater Angle-wings were plentiful up in
the trees, but <i>Scudderia </i>and <i>Amblycorypha</i>? Except for the first
half of June, they simply were missing.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What changed? </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Could weather have been a factor? I didn’t notice a
shortage of crickets this year. When there are storms and heavy rains, both katydids
and crickets seem to be amazingly resilient. There were definitely periods of
hot weather, but the range of our common Amblycorypha and Scudderia extends to
the Gulf Coast. (The one exception is the Broad-winged Bush Katydid, whose
range is from southern Ohio northward.)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdM6AwBqATs0ocbMdPaUYzu1YZ8XzecgK9uJWHgv3FbBq27T6j4gbFsAi3NVZhyjcUalMQAyJCQwTot0LTtldkmgs5EqHuq7sUJGDBnwOWMmMtO5aYqSPzKhyphenhyphen2WGcOuOSfTs9NUHNkwdY/s605/Curve-tailed+Bush+Katydid+range+map+SINA.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="605" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdM6AwBqATs0ocbMdPaUYzu1YZ8XzecgK9uJWHgv3FbBq27T6j4gbFsAi3NVZhyjcUalMQAyJCQwTot0LTtldkmgs5EqHuq7sUJGDBnwOWMmMtO5aYqSPzKhyphenhyphen2WGcOuOSfTs9NUHNkwdY/w640-h424/Curve-tailed+Bush+Katydid+range+map+SINA.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i>Curve-tailed Bush Katydid range map from Singing Insects of North America</i><br /></div></div><div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What I heard – and didn’t hear or see – reminded me of
parks I’ve studied with less singing insect diversity. These parks typically
have the arboreal katydid species and perhaps some of the most common meadow
katydids such Short-winged and Slender Meadow Katydids. There may also be at
least some Sword-bearing Coneheads, though not the typical loud and cheerful abundance
one normally finds in NE Ohio. Crickets are more common than katydids.<br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What I find obvious in these parks is the significant lack
of bush katydids in the edge habitats, meadows, edges of wetlands.<i> </i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The general deficiency this year was obscured by all the
tree crickets, ground crickets, and trigs. The crickets, Common True Katydids,
and Greater Angle-wings can create an impressive chorus without any bush katydids
but listening for diversity quickly reveals their absence. There is a gap in
the orchestral texture. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Here's an example from our backyard: the rich sound you hear is comprised almost entirely of of crickets. Only Common True Katydids and Greater Angle-wings up in the oaks are present, yet it <i>sounds</i> like a complete ensemble. This is to be expected in a more urban area, even when gardening for wildlife. Katydids, however, should be - and usually are - in our parks and preserves. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1164229249&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/backyard-polyphony-9-4-08" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Backyard Polyphony 9 - 4-08">Backyard Polyphony 9 - 4-08</a></div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This was just one season. I guess I’ll need to see and hear
what happens in 2022 and think through what kinds of records I should keep and
how I will do this. But in a changing climate, how can I not feel u<span style="color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;">neasy?</span></span></p>
<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheKTbWwDD41t-7OctLNRgbWuqF2AgjuPlDIOGDZX7nds7gR24rSXcsyXbtKYCdwK8J2zOQWC5fng6-m61r2hY-vnsrUVL1ZfY1D-C4Tse9QEqaJSUIhixZ93jbH8aN3KtNGlekSzViTak/s1024/Texas+Bush+Katydid+face+Medina+Marsh+8-4-17.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1007" data-original-width="1024" height="630" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheKTbWwDD41t-7OctLNRgbWuqF2AgjuPlDIOGDZX7nds7gR24rSXcsyXbtKYCdwK8J2zOQWC5fng6-m61r2hY-vnsrUVL1ZfY1D-C4Tse9QEqaJSUIhixZ93jbH8aN3KtNGlekSzViTak/w640-h630/Texas+Bush+Katydid+face+Medina+Marsh+8-4-17.JPG" width="640" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i>Texas Bush Katydid </i><br /></div></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-58260427931336958532021-10-25T14:20:00.006-04:002021-10-25T14:41:54.386-04:00Crickets and Katydids in the House 2021: Orchestrating with Orthopterans<div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheZVMVptWetecmn19VRffu73Y7J87MFKl83io_C5MUTIDdpl302kxWobxv6uovSX-YthnVvnl1M4QAhuxTLAnQBTp-BJTFptJv2n9dJneSAe2wFbLJgR-3yu8WpVf2SMdP-hl6ooLCxRQ/s1850/Black-legged+Meadow+Katydid+on+cattail+leaf+10-19-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1429" data-original-width="1850" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheZVMVptWetecmn19VRffu73Y7J87MFKl83io_C5MUTIDdpl302kxWobxv6uovSX-YthnVvnl1M4QAhuxTLAnQBTp-BJTFptJv2n9dJneSAe2wFbLJgR-3yu8WpVf2SMdP-hl6ooLCxRQ/w640-h494/Black-legged+Meadow+Katydid+on+cattail+leaf+10-19-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Black-legged Meadow Katydid on a cattail leaf in his singing cage in the house.</span><br /></div><div><p></p><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It’s time for
my annual post about crickets and katydids singing in the house, so welcome
back to the south-facing windows of our little bungalow to meet this year’s
ensemble!</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTNz3n64X3tddKarIoUe7YU4VSdXz6a21cskCih4YDu9_6Nn2jSwUqwnjHzgaCl-eTdahyphenhyphene6q8wCKEUuSCoaBRo99xNt4wsDeXhvhnqHOCpCkg4g_ik04vxg7uBL8cOEw3IYeLdohksf4/s1850/BHF+upside+down+10-18-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1499" data-original-width="1850" height="518" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTNz3n64X3tddKarIoUe7YU4VSdXz6a21cskCih4YDu9_6Nn2jSwUqwnjHzgaCl-eTdahyphenhyphene6q8wCKEUuSCoaBRo99xNt4wsDeXhvhnqHOCpCkg4g_ik04vxg7uBL8cOEw3IYeLdohksf4/w640-h518/BHF+upside+down+10-18-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">There are the
regulars each year, such as the Black-horned Tree Crickets and the look-alike
sound-alike Forbes’s Tree Crickets whose ranges overlap here in NE Ohio. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmlMfyhnTIDFo-mo7vPwwcgDobmibgGtNl-CETc0yVagEzoTGs86H5TscYJyxqzY9fp5A2IrPreZocOZrp_86x05fiCafK7ZIOVWrDjsZTAYNCmhd4fXveorOBY2Qh2PU2EZnUOoMIt0E/s1850/Black-horned+in+aster+upside+down+10-18-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1802" data-original-width="1850" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmlMfyhnTIDFo-mo7vPwwcgDobmibgGtNl-CETc0yVagEzoTGs86H5TscYJyxqzY9fp5A2IrPreZocOZrp_86x05fiCafK7ZIOVWrDjsZTAYNCmhd4fXveorOBY2Qh2PU2EZnUOoMIt0E/w640-h624/Black-horned+in+aster+upside+down+10-18-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> Black-horned Tree Cricket in his singing cage.</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHerMrWxO2NbuAzgRY9WvmQlJDdyKxUlqKz9-hSpLwH2i7E7l_7W2EhyphenhyphenNhRJw-fdg-9yvWxSyqcsLC0YQV2kpSaGzj8OTs0S6BBuQ2YqLU50aNvw5A6bBtxJsTJTUoOqQ_ivtLNo2dQfM/s1850/Forbes%2527s1+climbing+on+blackberry+stem+10-19-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHerMrWxO2NbuAzgRY9WvmQlJDdyKxUlqKz9-hSpLwH2i7E7l_7W2EhyphenhyphenNhRJw-fdg-9yvWxSyqcsLC0YQV2kpSaGzj8OTs0S6BBuQ2YqLU50aNvw5A6bBtxJsTJTUoOqQ_ivtLNo2dQfM/w640-h426/Forbes%2527s1+climbing+on+blackberry+stem+10-19-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Forbes's Tree Cricket in his singing cage</span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">We had
a Four-spotted Tree Cricket - one of my favorite singers – for several weeks,
but these are not young insects and some fade away in mid-October. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlipJKCs0P3KCLn6jOVBrKay-sIQK6LlKSwHB-k1fB7-bArIdSTCRGZ2jxq1x-Jqy8nFoKDG1w4zQBFB_jcifW0Oqvwp0YthL0wTVkYDKGfjg4XkbdNAuhkujVC_KcvKktz8pfjXS4ng/s1850/Four-spotted+Tree+Cricket+in+asters+in+the+house+2021R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1625" data-original-width="1850" height="562" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxlipJKCs0P3KCLn6jOVBrKay-sIQK6LlKSwHB-k1fB7-bArIdSTCRGZ2jxq1x-Jqy8nFoKDG1w4zQBFB_jcifW0Oqvwp0YthL0wTVkYDKGfjg4XkbdNAuhkujVC_KcvKktz8pfjXS4ng/w640-h562/Four-spotted+Tree+Cricket+in+asters+in+the+house+2021R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> <span style="font-size: small;">Four-spotted Tree Crickets prefer asters to goldenrod. </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The tree crickets and some of the other insects live in mesh butterfly cages that accommodate a small vase with plants they would know from the wild plus a wood skewer holding a little lettuce, apple, and grape. They also have small containers of dry cricket food and water cubes. </span></span><br /></div><div><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">No ensemble
would be complete without the foundation of a couple of Broad-winged Tree
Crickets. Even a single Broad-winged Tree Cricket is too loud to have upstairs
in the bedroom or on the dining room table, but their resonant songs can fill the
entire floor of a house.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6e83ORS-Qw4s15bTd3tjcNSc8y5nGflzkPNa5wPMbwNioQLfxxhLA-NUY0zcMAUXxXxeD9ym3eiGKz466kckqkfbgWJn_-Qse9l6wuvCWnnb2083qN-1LATUqMlFCqtdPVtWJ3nvzzPo/s1850/Broad-winged+Tree+Cricket+on+blackberry+leaf+10-19-21.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1413" data-original-width="1850" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6e83ORS-Qw4s15bTd3tjcNSc8y5nGflzkPNa5wPMbwNioQLfxxhLA-NUY0zcMAUXxXxeD9ym3eiGKz466kckqkfbgWJn_-Qse9l6wuvCWnnb2083qN-1LATUqMlFCqtdPVtWJ3nvzzPo/w640-h488/Broad-winged+Tree+Cricket+on+blackberry+leaf+10-19-21.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Four-spotted Tree Crickets hide in their leaves. Blackberry is one of their favorites.</span><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br /></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Alas, the annual
Fall Field Cricket has recently passed away, but not before he made a guest
appearance in my music theory classes.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFka66EZfq8suegsVpK18sBLaeIpL9eLfAP0JKT5ACcXtZFHscMnAhOzc0dmUgiHY9WHdJfcIHBzpgK2ZQCDcUujGFbMNfUM5ZcnyJQKeNp0vadYOwS3Td1rYsPrq8S7QyPMVi9zsPYNY/s1887/Fall+Field+Cricket+in+the+classroom+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1418" data-original-width="1887" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFka66EZfq8suegsVpK18sBLaeIpL9eLfAP0JKT5ACcXtZFHscMnAhOzc0dmUgiHY9WHdJfcIHBzpgK2ZQCDcUujGFbMNfUM5ZcnyJQKeNp0vadYOwS3Td1rYsPrq8S7QyPMVi9zsPYNY/w640-h480/Fall+Field+Cricket+in+the+classroom+2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> I also brought in a Handsome Trig on a different day. I choose crickets that my students will commonly hear outside the classroom and near their dorm.</span></span></span><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">There are
always Handsome Trigs, and this year we have a record number of four from
different locations. Their crackling quartet creates a peaceful shimmer
throughout the house that beautifully compliments the two Black-legged Meadow
Katydids. A Cuban Ground Cricket or two singing in my studio is also a delicate
addition. These three species are a non-pitched small percussion ensemble. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1147394827&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/handsome-trigs-cuban-ground-crickets-and-black-legged-meadow-katydid-in-my-studio-10-23-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Handsome Trigs Cuban Ground Crickets and Black - Legged Meadow Katydid In My Studio 10 - 23 - 21">Handsome Trigs Cuban Ground Crickets and Black - Legged Meadow Katydid In My Studio 10 - 23 - 21</a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">
</span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">We currently have
two guest artists from southern Ohio near the Ohio River. Both are katydids
that are not typically present in this region – at least not yet.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The tiny one is
a Woodland Meadow Katydid, whose range is south and also west of my region. His
song is so soft to human ears that many people can’t hear him at all. I can seldom
hear him, either, and wasn’t sure if he was still singing in the house until one of my
photos revealed his wings elevated in song. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-WICz09Issoh2iGpOzgKXFRoXg7-THQhE4rZ4ZlQ3waCjxSi-8qshUYrIT-P3VZsQdTIDKFTpXydrtSxU9UyI2K258JEG9SmCoBmGcm6JSdk5DCVYNwvQxG9ovvCyatCJ-yBpwmZcSlw/s1850/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid+10-17-21.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1304" data-original-width="1850" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-WICz09Issoh2iGpOzgKXFRoXg7-THQhE4rZ4ZlQ3waCjxSi-8qshUYrIT-P3VZsQdTIDKFTpXydrtSxU9UyI2K258JEG9SmCoBmGcm6JSdk5DCVYNwvQxG9ovvCyatCJ-yBpwmZcSlw/w640-h452/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid+10-17-21.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk2Ys4Be39tX4Efi9yvdQJzoE_gyv4d2JSNuKyHyR4fjaCJuTtmJPLWauC_oGu0r-4rxdYffHXfVcSh49Yb25hOuXY94h3bM5l_rj3jztwiYaC5kSLAB_J8vyRjwrVs1SVRfOSBTadjI8/s1850/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid2+in+house+2021.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk2Ys4Be39tX4Efi9yvdQJzoE_gyv4d2JSNuKyHyR4fjaCJuTtmJPLWauC_oGu0r-4rxdYffHXfVcSh49Yb25hOuXY94h3bM5l_rj3jztwiYaC5kSLAB_J8vyRjwrVs1SVRfOSBTadjI8/w640-h426/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid2+in+house+2021.JPG" width="640" /></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> Woodland Meadow Katydid in his habitat-specific singing cage. He really is that dark in color!</span></span><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">The crickets
and katydids live in mesh butterfly cages in which I have little vases of their
preferred plants and seed heads. Some are generally unconcerned as I change
their tiny produce-kabobs each evening and check on their plant clippings, water
cubes, and dry cricket food. Not the Woodland Meadow Katydid, though! He’s an
impressive jumper, projecting himself far outside the cage if given the
slightest opportunity. I found him on the dining room wall one evening, but his
finest moment may have been when he leaped directly onto my nose. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">I thought I’d
try recording him in my little makeshift studio, as this is not a species found
in the Cleveland region and I don’t know when I’ll see or attempt to hear one
again. I set the recorder and left the room for 40 minutes and returned to find
he’d been singing the entire time!</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">I hope I’ve
made this excerpt loud enough that you’ll be able to hear him. You can see on
the sonogram that his frequency range is up to – and beyond – the 20 Hz limit
of (young) human hearing.<span> </span>In fact, the
sonogram indicates his song reaches a little above 30 Hz!</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGalEed00OXPbyqAucqMncyOouxEzTYDPkIAuATaGV8HgS3VVi6kUrJwyh9NDC75n0YMwjtdnv9wDBjOBBAVd20N3gt20hncKs0Um4iJWpSczlsn78NTOOcE6t3bPpQzc81Q8_q-NX3ZM/s1229/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid+sonogram+10-2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="195" data-original-width="1229" height="102" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGalEed00OXPbyqAucqMncyOouxEzTYDPkIAuATaGV8HgS3VVi6kUrJwyh9NDC75n0YMwjtdnv9wDBjOBBAVd20N3gt20hncKs0Um4iJWpSczlsn78NTOOcE6t3bPpQzc81Q8_q-NX3ZM/w640-h102/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid+sonogram+10-2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzYUvp78XqhvUicHMCmoPSIFFcuXn9dbaUQA1JKdGKc4J9dDJKQ7bFNs6R81Zz8sdCrYdMtCKDaDO1wJvsNcLLfHdx8W4hohK0nyi5VP_nl7g4q50g_9mNLaaUHDooIRH9OvaP7ODp8gU/s1163/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid+sonogram+from+house+9-17-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="1163" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzYUvp78XqhvUicHMCmoPSIFFcuXn9dbaUQA1JKdGKc4J9dDJKQ7bFNs6R81Zz8sdCrYdMtCKDaDO1wJvsNcLLfHdx8W4hohK0nyi5VP_nl7g4q50g_9mNLaaUHDooIRH9OvaP7ODp8gU/w640-h184/Woodland+Meadow+Katydid+sonogram+from+house+9-17-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-size: small;"> Each of the vertical lines in the first sonogram is actually comprised of a series of wing strokes. The solid, horizontal line is tree cricket songs in the next room.</span></span><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1146944974&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/woodland-meadow-katydid-in-the-house" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Woodland Meadow Katydid In The House">Woodland Meadow Katydid In The House</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Now to the
other extreme – a sizable katydid whose song is so forceful, percussive, and
loud that it startles Nikos the cat and even startles me at times.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikkB-HS0GemTnV9ck0IuThPBXtyCX_DRBcmYYyw4QYdHZprY2uY-t_DyLLXF3nEIrxmdQwJU56PW34CrWudRbtCFO_UdNW7qtaq6uhWvtz3_FvVl_xgO8K0PCiPCTBLt5TeNUhLe-DlQc/s1850/Lesser+Angle-wing+face+10-18-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1441" data-original-width="1850" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikkB-HS0GemTnV9ck0IuThPBXtyCX_DRBcmYYyw4QYdHZprY2uY-t_DyLLXF3nEIrxmdQwJU56PW34CrWudRbtCFO_UdNW7qtaq6uhWvtz3_FvVl_xgO8K0PCiPCTBLt5TeNUhLe-DlQc/w640-h498/Lesser+Angle-wing+face+10-18-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div></div><div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Meet the Lesser Angle-wing! </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLopiitPaT2an4ST2_wZIqa5ob8PBCS3ASJOwN8z_QtI8tfFOq7msIea_jIdBRW5OisU6CDxP2xZXfWm6oRz7rSR9oIZdp81EznpS4VyNiNNabHdp-41mzZy4HRQrZ6mbg4tF3kL__mUc/s1850/Lesser+Angle-wing2+10-19-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1106" data-original-width="1850" height="382" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLopiitPaT2an4ST2_wZIqa5ob8PBCS3ASJOwN8z_QtI8tfFOq7msIea_jIdBRW5OisU6CDxP2xZXfWm6oRz7rSR9oIZdp81EznpS4VyNiNNabHdp-41mzZy4HRQrZ6mbg4tF3kL__mUc/w640-h382/Lesser+Angle-wing2+10-19-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Learning about
the Lesser Angle-wing is particularly important to me because this is yet
another singing insect who is moving north into my region from central and
southern Ohio. I heard, then recorded them in several locations in the Peninsula
area (Summit County) near the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in 2019 after naturalist
Chuck Slusarczyk<span style="color: red;"> </span>reported finding one in
Cleveland near the Cuyahoga River not far from Lake Erie the previous year. This
year, I had additional reports of Lesser Angle-wings calling in along the CVNP
Towpath trail in Summit County.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">But how could I
learn more about these tree-dwelling katydids?</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Then during a singing
insect night walk at Shawnee State Park near the Ohio River, a male Lesser
Angle-wing landed on the camera of one of the participants. He subsequently
came back to Cleveland with Wendy and me. <span style="color: red;"></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">This sizable
katydid is a stunning leaf mimic who can easily hide in a butterfly cage filled
with leaves. His absolute favorite fare comes from our two Musclewood trees in
the backyard (<i>Carpinus caroliniana</i>) and he chomps his way through those
leaves like a hungry caterpillar. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0xcdD3eMLaraGaviT3qcpk1G0E7SnV6-V3pKQXlhr1xpmCkEOv37b-Gq2vwsPwna7awc7lDNBYDIDtDFS4Eo2WgMMEDFnoq5aPmFIGhbwaJHMl2U7Qy65z1fZeXYev78c4qQIUx6GBD4/s1850/Lesser+Angle-wing+climbing+in+asters+10-18-21R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1275" data-original-width="1850" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0xcdD3eMLaraGaviT3qcpk1G0E7SnV6-V3pKQXlhr1xpmCkEOv37b-Gq2vwsPwna7awc7lDNBYDIDtDFS4Eo2WgMMEDFnoq5aPmFIGhbwaJHMl2U7Qy65z1fZeXYev78c4qQIUx6GBD4/w640-h442/Lesser+Angle-wing+climbing+in+asters+10-18-21R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Recording the
Lesser Angle-wing was a different challenge altogether. His short groups of songs
are randomly spaced with long pauses between them, and I knew I’d need to do
multiple sound checks to be sure that my recording wasn’t badly distorted by
his powerful exclamations. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">I wasn’t sure how
long he’d continue singing but hearing my recordings of him in the next room apparently
inspired him to answer the perceived challenger. </span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Here’s the
recording and sonogram. There were long pauses between each group of songs, and
I condensed the time between them for this example. The solid horizontal bars
are crickets in the next room and the Black-legged Meadow Katydid songs
are the faint, high shadow in the background.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcYz_m5_gdZTNMYM1YxK3Zo9vpW4iKM7_C4wwdT12cWUwH1gtlSotc-2KWjG4YMxUBGswKVftfrUhHCiwseijE0Fl6VRac3h-3kGzIYfH5r7M3VxJHBzaEmmYwhLdfFcWGngJYxXsRL5Y/s1197/Lesser+Angle-wing+sonogram+10-21-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="317" data-original-width="1197" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcYz_m5_gdZTNMYM1YxK3Zo9vpW4iKM7_C4wwdT12cWUwH1gtlSotc-2KWjG4YMxUBGswKVftfrUhHCiwseijE0Fl6VRac3h-3kGzIYfH5r7M3VxJHBzaEmmYwhLdfFcWGngJYxXsRL5Y/w640-h170/Lesser+Angle-wing+sonogram+10-21-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1146946180&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/lesser-angle-wing-four-song-statements" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lesser Angle - Wing Four Song Statements">Lesser Angle - Wing Four Song Statements</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">My final story is
about two singers who could not accept this concert venue: a Narrow-winged Tree
Cricket and a Davis’s Tree Cricket who had been singing close to each other in
the same small, isolated bur oak near a park pavilion. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ZQU3as25CQ9MzBvHpxSfIMHPyMTMz-q4yqD2PPPilNexKsaPmBykco4X2TAThckIcsRMWLmq5W64o2AYJezLieiln8z_bwUSNek0cixNv4nfT88yDL7q11C2faJ27GpgVc0fUk8qpnQ/s2016/Cricket+tree+Frohring+bur+oak2+10-2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-ZQU3as25CQ9MzBvHpxSfIMHPyMTMz-q4yqD2PPPilNexKsaPmBykco4X2TAThckIcsRMWLmq5W64o2AYJezLieiln8z_bwUSNek0cixNv4nfT88yDL7q11C2faJ27GpgVc0fUk8qpnQ/w640-h480/Cricket+tree+Frohring+bur+oak2+10-2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-size: small;">It doesn't look like much by day, but it's quite the concert stage after dark!</span><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">I’d had an interesting
experience with these two species in a similar habitat at another park a few
years ago and thought it would be useful to study them together here at home. </span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">Here’s a
photo and recording from that little tree. These two crickets are featured, but there
were several others of both species also singing from nearby branches. The higher of the two pitches is the Narrow-winged Tree Cricket, and his song also has a fairly regular phrase length. The lower of the two pitches with the longer, more variable phrases is the Davis's Tree Cricket. <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj43eSAfU9EhVOyF9g29HH7sMf_34-o8b6iKE38oampeBh8XsCRNRUSEo3hTODDuNo7LjRrfapjD82bGrkFxJE3EYgisK-8c9ptmJGIewDD-mjUsLzkorSzET7CUhw4LTkKGq4ZErFik3g/s1850/Narrow-winged+I+think+in+Frohring+bur+oak+2021R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1798" data-original-width="1850" height="622" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj43eSAfU9EhVOyF9g29HH7sMf_34-o8b6iKE38oampeBh8XsCRNRUSEo3hTODDuNo7LjRrfapjD82bGrkFxJE3EYgisK-8c9ptmJGIewDD-mjUsLzkorSzET7CUhw4LTkKGq4ZErFik3g/w640-h622/Narrow-winged+I+think+in+Frohring+bur+oak+2021R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">Narrow-winged Tree Cricket singing in the little oak</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br /></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1146948052&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/daviss-and-narrow-winged-tree-crickets-in-small-bur-oak" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Davis's And Narrow Winged Tree Crickets In small Bur Oak">Davis's And Narrow Winged Tree Crickets In small Bur Oak</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> It was late in
the season and their remaining time was short. I caught one of each species
from adjacent leaves I could reach without difficulty. They were robust singers
and I planned to provide a separate leafy habitat for each of them.</span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">But they didn’t
sing at all and restlessly paced the mesh lids of their cages day and night. I
tried various kinds of leaves, including different oak leaves. I would have preferred
leaves from their own tree, but these seemed to grow right out of twigs and had
no slender stems I could put in a little vase with water. </span></span></p><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">After a little
less than a week, I took them back to their tree. I opened each carrier under
an oak leaf and each of them leaped onto the leaf surface and scurried
underneath. <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTXFEAg7XprHhYFFuw9Z1lBcrcC9FC0dfbe3OBnLIuiwyliJ5Fb-y3l8dUcNnBnbpNSmsK_WI1J9im8RE10LM6Hyc1EWRGqS14lmS8BW-71F_00LZUHe6R4Exf0wuQa0IbpbHJMBHatCA/s1850/Narrow-winged+TC+still+at+Frohring+2021R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTXFEAg7XprHhYFFuw9Z1lBcrcC9FC0dfbe3OBnLIuiwyliJ5Fb-y3l8dUcNnBnbpNSmsK_WI1J9im8RE10LM6Hyc1EWRGqS14lmS8BW-71F_00LZUHe6R4Exf0wuQa0IbpbHJMBHatCA/w640-h426/Narrow-winged+TC+still+at+Frohring+2021R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Narrow-winged Tree Cricket singing in the little oak at Frohring Meadows, Geauga County.</span><br /></span></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">I orchestrate with
Orthopterans who seem comfortable with warm, well-ventilated cages, room
service daily, and late October sun when it’s available. This is my reward:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1147325233&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/crickets-and-katydids-in-the-house-2021" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Crickets And Katydids In The House 2021">Crickets And Katydids In The House 2021</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif">As is the case
every year, the ensemble will gradually dwindle through late fall into early
winter. But for now, our house sounds like the festive, late summer meadows I
will miss so much until the next generation begins to sing in July.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"> </span></span> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvNGXxQN9an98Q_w2nwXpDqtlA8Hjp-y2cPpDRZdQuvhyphenhyphenA-a-MKC5uN20lHEpmSjijV0MqD0LMwQcxz5aruuNoeQ7Ji4L6GC5kDh7JuOeyjiWjaRCYDIdhCrvConFvVFu-dYh_IxWE2SA/s1850/Black-legged+Meadow+Katydid+singing+on+his+cattail+in+the+house+10-2021R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1318" data-original-width="1850" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvNGXxQN9an98Q_w2nwXpDqtlA8Hjp-y2cPpDRZdQuvhyphenhyphenA-a-MKC5uN20lHEpmSjijV0MqD0LMwQcxz5aruuNoeQ7Ji4L6GC5kDh7JuOeyjiWjaRCYDIdhCrvConFvVFu-dYh_IxWE2SA/w640-h456/Black-legged+Meadow+Katydid+singing+on+his+cattail+in+the+house+10-2021R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Black-legged Meadow Katydid singing from his personal cattail seed head in his singing cage in the house.</span></p></div><div><i><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-size: small;">Thank you to Cameron Svoboda, for locating the Woodland Meadow Katydid that subsequently came home with me. He can hear them impressively well!</span></i></div><div><i><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></i></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Colleen Malloy and Nicki Lock reported hearing Lesser Angle-wings in areas of Summit County not too far from those I'd found in Peninsula.They know the katydid's songs and could therefore provide this very helpful information. </span></i><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"> <br /></span><p></p>
</div></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-92058773632280241802021-07-06T15:41:00.001-04:002021-07-06T15:42:01.219-04:00The Mixed Ensembles of June<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnMW0vbcpJRk-h7Aw7Mny309KG5jhBk6MGBcyWnFGA6_lxD7aRWmxuewXt8mk2MKLv3-NjCG-vB7u5cxjCguvwSqIhYmS0jpscnOTh3T8irCoXrVzmpw9qAnKMGLHQclbCUzMF2vG_qx0/s1947/Lily+Lagoon+7-3-21a.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1459" data-original-width="1947" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnMW0vbcpJRk-h7Aw7Mny309KG5jhBk6MGBcyWnFGA6_lxD7aRWmxuewXt8mk2MKLv3-NjCG-vB7u5cxjCguvwSqIhYmS0jpscnOTh3T8irCoXrVzmpw9qAnKMGLHQclbCUzMF2vG_qx0/w640-h480/Lily+Lagoon+7-3-21a.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">June is a time of transition in what we hear in nature. </span></span></span>Although the avian migrants have moved on and summer resident birds
have established their nesting territories, there's still plenty of birdsong. But the sounds of June are not only birds' territorial songs and begging nestlings
and fledglings. The actual ensembles of June are subtly complex.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’m always curious about who is singing with whom and when,
and this year I decided to see if I could document the month with recordings. Here’s
a Prelude to June: I invite you to listen while you continue reading.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080592465&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/june-prelude-holden-arboretum" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="June prelude Holden Arboretum">June prelude Holden Arboretum</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I took a trip to the Holden<span style="text-transform: uppercase;"> </span>Arboretum meadow area near the Conifer
Collection early in the month, walking from Sperry Road down the long, grassy hill to Hour Glass
Pond.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJm8zKLRzlSMJ3QqKJJC627x5e8ko_fLlxNFzZWLfGKaVwnqtg12FpudR80yGCQ3ErFAMHd5xB2ChePn17yNjN-wUFgGU9gupCku6Na7FiyoujfOP-p4fJ1z9JLZyXXRBpC07VQkq2D7U/s1947/Holden+conifer+collection+trail1+7-3-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1461" data-original-width="1947" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJm8zKLRzlSMJ3QqKJJC627x5e8ko_fLlxNFzZWLfGKaVwnqtg12FpudR80yGCQ3ErFAMHd5xB2ChePn17yNjN-wUFgGU9gupCku6Na7FiyoujfOP-p4fJ1z9JLZyXXRBpC07VQkq2D7U/w640-h480/Holden+conifer+collection+trail1+7-3-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It was a sunny afternoon but there was a challenge on that day and every
other day on either side of it. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Persistent southeast winds, not gentle summer breezes, seemed
to continue for almost a week. It was odd, annoying, and I finally decided I’d
give recording a try anyway. Maybe I’d be able to edit out some of the wind
noise. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Are you still listening? Go back and play the track again.
Birds here and there, right? And did you hear that lovely, shimmering trill? </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">That was a Spring Trig – a tiny cricket that used to be heard south of the
Cleveland area but has rapidly moved into my region and is establishing itself
all the way to Lake Erie.</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> I've been keeping track of everywhere I find Spring Trigs in NE Ohio.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd_faB4Ary4sCFQSo5ZBUOFLO1fX55VPQae9a07ku6J-RZtIeSw8b3E1rx5ea1c-P91yNaeV9aDvHpTg9XX2uaL3ZY_gOqs-EGm3XMYIzAUsxwYIimNlkhVDwQkCbHFXIIkaESAsc0fJU/s973/Spring+Trig+map.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="735" data-original-width="973" height="485" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd_faB4Ary4sCFQSo5ZBUOFLO1fX55VPQae9a07ku6J-RZtIeSw8b3E1rx5ea1c-P91yNaeV9aDvHpTg9XX2uaL3ZY_gOqs-EGm3XMYIzAUsxwYIimNlkhVDwQkCbHFXIIkaESAsc0fJU/w640-h485/Spring+Trig+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There were two of them singing on this trail, and
they were the first Spring Trigs I have recorded at the Holden Arboretum. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNPPR8y1ddqpbk1q0DqdRllYsUGVQrrEzATdqF2uhbPiv8E-7s3xlQxkQ1hUBsgF5S7ObFRdS6TqoyoZVMPNIVXBUl4d4mdWusQIXAacdG74KjuEVkMPxDFPPOZT25lqIeOOw1HfjUg4E/s1024/Spring+Trig+long+winged+male+on+plant+stem+7-2-17+Montford.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="1024" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNPPR8y1ddqpbk1q0DqdRllYsUGVQrrEzATdqF2uhbPiv8E-7s3xlQxkQ1hUBsgF5S7ObFRdS6TqoyoZVMPNIVXBUl4d4mdWusQIXAacdG74KjuEVkMPxDFPPOZT25lqIeOOw1HfjUg4E/w400-h223/Spring+Trig+long+winged+male+on+plant+stem+7-2-17+Montford.JPG" width="400" /></a></div> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But for me, there’s more to this song. It’s a prelude to
singing insect season – a kind of foreshadowing, perhaps. Spring Field Crickets
begin singing in early May and are now followed by Spring Trigs in late May and
early June into July. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Around the same time, I went to one of my favorite
locations both for observing and listening to Gray Treefrogs: the wetland trail
and small boardwalk at Orchard Hills Park. These frogs come in from their
solitary woodland lives to form massive wetland choruses in late May. They
subsequently spread out a little but still continue calling through June into
early July. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYafQ0uLPnBVQ-X4LavzvnMzJ6pNAJUwu3lUtSwUraQ68VGS3-MCKCTohu_e2UaPqxB3Afz_8OjjGCaE6BntnSLA4ITwBGWvvFjxKNPyAaztz-z9xWEko8Io0L2m7QeLlHsmhkweY37fk/s1850/Gray+Treefrog2+singing+at+Lily+Lagoon+7-1-19R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1549" data-original-width="1850" height="536" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYafQ0uLPnBVQ-X4LavzvnMzJ6pNAJUwu3lUtSwUraQ68VGS3-MCKCTohu_e2UaPqxB3Afz_8OjjGCaE6BntnSLA4ITwBGWvvFjxKNPyAaztz-z9xWEko8Io0L2m7QeLlHsmhkweY37fk/w640-h536/Gray+Treefrog2+singing+at+Lily+Lagoon+7-1-19R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-size: medium;">I simply wanted to delight in listening to the chorus and being able to focus on individual frogs. I expected there would be some
Green Frogs and Bullfrogs as well, but once again, there was that subtle
prelude… </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080595300&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gray-tree-frogs-then-also-spring-trig-ohills-6-9-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gray Tree Frogs Then Also Spring Trig OHills 6 - 9-21">Gray Tree Frogs Then Also Spring Trig OHills 6 - 9-21</a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There were two Spring Trigs here at Orchard Hills as well. Listen to how their songs continue
right through the texture of individual frog calls, forming a continuous cricket
pedal point through the amphibian chorus. You can see it on the sonogram - it's that thin,continuous line above all the frogs below it.<br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6q0zlgLCOWGgMRGVwSh8H9LCha8T24Pne7wEzFuYlYjMt4E2cZCkoTXE9SxYBir1b9U0cv9R31J3WRRDWJ2Nnn_PUbvekA3WYpucOKaITymGgtoJ1R3CJ1hqv9xjouoA4f6W9zXjmXoE/s1447/Spring+Trig+Gray+Treefrog+sonogram3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="160" data-original-width="1447" height="95" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6q0zlgLCOWGgMRGVwSh8H9LCha8T24Pne7wEzFuYlYjMt4E2cZCkoTXE9SxYBir1b9U0cv9R31J3WRRDWJ2Nnn_PUbvekA3WYpucOKaITymGgtoJ1R3CJ1hqv9xjouoA4f6W9zXjmXoE/w647-h95/Spring+Trig+Gray+Treefrog+sonogram3.jpg" width="647" /></a></div><br /><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The frogs will become quieter as July progresses, and there
will be more crickets and especially katydids with each passing week during the
same time. The Spring Trigs announced the overlap and eventual dominance of
insect song.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here’s an insect “chorus” of sorts that you may not have
thought of or even noticed hearing unless you were near Lake Erie. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">For me, it's an enchanting sound of late May or early June that I might or might
not hear again until another year that I’m near the lake on just the right
evening.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080599677&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/midges-lake-erie-bluffs-june-5th" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Midges Lake Erie Bluffs June 5th">Midges Lake Erie Bluffs June 5th</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Midges! Huge clouds of them at twilight! Whether or not you've heard them, i</span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">t’s likely a sight you’ve observed - even on National Weather Service radar.<br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I didn't make the connection right away. I used to wonder what that persistent hum could possibly be
when I’d hear it at Lake Erie Bluffs. I would try to get a fix on the direction
with my microphone – out over the lake? Was it some kind of boat engine? But I
could never pinpoint it until I was right underneath the huge, gentle cloud.
Fireflies were flashing all around me in the trees and shrubs on the bluffs,
and the midges were directly above me. Insect light and insect sound. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU4HI9Wk0cZJpIUj70hJL3rrtuMFay274fTl5G93Kvzj0BMcX3HMzjuvzG2wlf4bsSjC2YFHDVw3rJ3iqd7SndFSgV22T9m6eMrectQoBLjlJ9rNfSQpbLYI_pIou7SbLQ25mCeW-XV5w/s1600/Bobolink6+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1138" data-original-width="1600" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU4HI9Wk0cZJpIUj70hJL3rrtuMFay274fTl5G93Kvzj0BMcX3HMzjuvzG2wlf4bsSjC2YFHDVw3rJ3iqd7SndFSgV22T9m6eMrectQoBLjlJ9rNfSQpbLYI_pIou7SbLQ25mCeW-XV5w/w640-h456/Bobolink6+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: red; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’d like to invite you to listen for another insect song in
late May and in June.<span> </span>You’ll hear it in grassy
meadows accented with buttercups and oxeye daisies when you’re listening for
Bobolinks and Meadowlarks.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh_NIfBTLIHRMjQN1g-qenSnNUdzaNn8hRylS9OJCbOFxVtQwQULQCn6zm3g3RqFzzjG0RrQFAHMSofaNBMULMFNQMpLXKoWt9YTyfZ1MJIKIyvYjFkDsD9IjSN1ZOO-nOuo6J1i3DpOw/s1024/Chortophaga+viridifasciata4+BW+5-23-11.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="813" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjh_NIfBTLIHRMjQN1g-qenSnNUdzaNn8hRylS9OJCbOFxVtQwQULQCn6zm3g3RqFzzjG0RrQFAHMSofaNBMULMFNQMpLXKoWt9YTyfZ1MJIKIyvYjFkDsD9IjSN1ZOO-nOuo6J1i3DpOw/w318-h400/Chortophaga+viridifasciata4+BW+5-23-11.JPG" width="318" /></a></div><br /><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It’s the Northern Green-striped Grasshopper, <i>Chortophaga
viridifasciata</i>. These grasshoppers overwinter as nymphs and you may see
them in the late fall, or even during some of our increasingly common warm
winters days. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxJo8-oFmIwYxR4VZu6M8DbmRp6qXWv8BKBfQKD3MH9_PL6-P-fP0awcMgLzAwgh5NyBr83gNgh90qL9vYMu6jYnQi9mbly18IQv2dnJxSf4qKUkfL7A1flRhYzrSdWP0jZ-hjeLpfsOc/s800/Chortophaga+viridifasciata+pink+nymph+Hiram+Field+Station+10-23-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="800" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxJo8-oFmIwYxR4VZu6M8DbmRp6qXWv8BKBfQKD3MH9_PL6-P-fP0awcMgLzAwgh5NyBr83gNgh90qL9vYMu6jYnQi9mbly18IQv2dnJxSf4qKUkfL7A1flRhYzrSdWP0jZ-hjeLpfsOc/w400-h285/Chortophaga+viridifasciata+pink+nymph+Hiram+Field+Station+10-23-14.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: medium;">They can be green, brown, or even pink, and the adults can be
multicolored beauties. </span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsBaD2jQpYDY1D7Vx3bLDmc-XIAD28ZmGXgsMlZtnkY_grR-Wljn35S-LV2rntxZrzprxxLUQEal6MmcqFqG7nanHXxNHUQXS2JQ9GzGHqLUfOzNV-8R2EFjowdkiOD_wEz2OXMC82xRs/s1024/Chortophaga+viridifasciata+pink+and+green2+Eldon+Russell+6-2-12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="713" data-original-width="1024" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsBaD2jQpYDY1D7Vx3bLDmc-XIAD28ZmGXgsMlZtnkY_grR-Wljn35S-LV2rntxZrzprxxLUQEal6MmcqFqG7nanHXxNHUQXS2JQ9GzGHqLUfOzNV-8R2EFjowdkiOD_wEz2OXMC82xRs/w640-h446/Chortophaga+viridifasciata+pink+and+green2+Eldon+Russell+6-2-12.JPG" width="640" /></a></p><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In addition to their presence in early June meadows, I hear
an additional association between the birds and the grasshoppers. Listen to the
buzz at the end of this Bobolink’s call, then listen to the fluttery crackling
of the Northern Green-striped Grasshopper. I hear them together every year and
maybe now, you will as well. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080602104&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/bobolink-song-with-buzz-at-end-then-northern-green-striped-grasshopper" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Bobolink song with buzz at end then Northern Green-striped Grasshopper">Bobolink song with buzz at end then Northern Green-striped Grasshopper</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There’s one more insect song of June that you quite possibly have not heard. Listen first: you’ll initially hear the Wood Thrush and nesting Dark-eyed Junco that share
its habitat. I recorded them at Chapin Forest Reservation in the Lake (county)
Metroparks. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080604327&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/says-cicada-wood-thrush-junco-june-5th" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Says Cicada Wood Thrush Junco June 5th">Says Cicada Wood Thrush Junco June 5th</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Hear the buzzing sound part way through the track? Say’s
Cicadas call from up in the trees, especially on ridge tops. If you’re in the
northeast corner of Ohio, listen for them in June. It’s another prelude, as
they are the precursors of our common Swamp Cicadas, Linne’s Cicadas, and
occasional Lyric Cicadas of mid-July and August in northeast Ohio. I have yet
to actually see one, but Wil Hershberger has gorgeous <a href="http://songsofinsects.com/cicadas/says-cicada" target="_blank">Say's Cicada photos</a> in Songs of
Insects online.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsaR6zkb23o-JOApp51cbhGNCnO4LC9E3g2sRUR9AL17LW9140e3wAodnFpFq_GEWOb-DQT4TLE_-VzoSzezx0S5vmI-hUjnGv-GijAkIdPis5VgYqbigWAcOxuLPFdCISBe5yYsGm47c/s2010/Thunderhead+sunset+2019+poss+Observatory.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1461" data-original-width="2010" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsaR6zkb23o-JOApp51cbhGNCnO4LC9E3g2sRUR9AL17LW9140e3wAodnFpFq_GEWOb-DQT4TLE_-VzoSzezx0S5vmI-hUjnGv-GijAkIdPis5VgYqbigWAcOxuLPFdCISBe5yYsGm47c/w640-h466/Thunderhead+sunset+2019+poss+Observatory.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The multiple windy days in early June were followed by a hot, very
humid period that made daytime exploration unwelcomingly miserable. The next challenge
was days of high humidity and thunderstorms, which were yet another deterrent
for adventures with recording equipment. While some areas didn’t get much rain
(like my neighborhood), the places I wanted to visit seemed to have daily
deluge parades.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">You may wonder why I felt I didn’t have enough recordings. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I wanted more ensemble representation. I had birds and
Spring Trigs, Gray Treefrogs and Spring Trigs, but no June recording of birds with frogs. In addition, I felt that Spring Field Crickets should be included
because…well…”spring”…</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I studied the radar compulsively, watching for any break in
the precipitation processions until I finally had a sunset opportunity at Lake Erie
Bluffs. But in addition to wind (again), the human noise factor was the worst
I’d encountered all month. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkPW-Zu1BUfZCsdYeRPgyYsgEoAd-CaBO0UGsGFFwQTuOgJbe9gfSlsMuGGMJpj5zUnjMbNpI17ibtIQXJBOnuLRxNYYxjt368fEBCfAAEUzDbuu9CQj3riLHAJk69mRhrWYIiqWlWNmw/s1971/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+sunset1a+6-27-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1477" data-original-width="1971" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkPW-Zu1BUfZCsdYeRPgyYsgEoAd-CaBO0UGsGFFwQTuOgJbe9gfSlsMuGGMJpj5zUnjMbNpI17ibtIQXJBOnuLRxNYYxjt368fEBCfAAEUzDbuu9CQj3riLHAJk69mRhrWYIiqWlWNmw/w640-h480/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+sunset1a+6-27-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Birds were singing as the sun slipped into Lake Erie, and a
couple of Spring Trigs joined them. As I was leaving, Spring Field Crickets were
singing along the road into the park while the first Gray Treefrogs were
beginning to call from the woods. </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080607432&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/birds-spring-trig-spring-field-cricket-gray-treefrog-leb" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Birds Spring Trig Spring Field Cricket Gray Treefrog LEB">Birds Spring Trig Spring Field Cricket Gray Treefrog LEB</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I recorded them (wind and human noise and all) yet couldn’t
quite let go of hearing the last evening birdsongs with the Gray Treefrogs. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The following day and evening presented more showers and
thunderstorms, but there appeared to be a possible break in the precipitation
just before sunset at the Oxbow Lagoon area of North Chagrin Reservation.
Should I even bother? <br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Of course I did. And of course, light rain was still falling
when I arrived. I waited under leafy cover, listening to birds and frogs and a
passing train. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4pR7FAHLj3ZN_UTo2aK0qOMZdt0XcyZks6TzsoUGt7dJquNUpSdd2EYDv4e95lfggcU9qPTXWG0Dteid5f4rVfZ2-b8D_ZzqgKAuLi_tWqANF3LxRRqj6_l3-ZzORnDdMm1LdXeOSM9E/s2009/Lily+Lagoon+fog.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1410" data-original-width="2009" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4pR7FAHLj3ZN_UTo2aK0qOMZdt0XcyZks6TzsoUGt7dJquNUpSdd2EYDv4e95lfggcU9qPTXWG0Dteid5f4rVfZ2-b8D_ZzqgKAuLi_tWqANF3LxRRqj6_l3-ZzORnDdMm1LdXeOSM9E/w640-h450/Lily+Lagoon+fog.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ll close with my June postlude for a hot, windy, stormy
month of mixed ensembles. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1080609982&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/twilight-postlude-after-the-rain-at-lily-lagoon" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Twilight Postlude After The Rain At Lily Lagoon">Twilight Postlude After The Rain At Lily Lagoon</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The insects will take over the day and night stages next
month and dominate the concert halls by early August. But instead of waiting
impatiently for mid-July, this year I felt I really listened to June. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4dJ-NO8uOj-wxGB1hf8QkpEtB0VG5CZALPdV4NOAYSKW169vqkIlC3_FKKU68b5VawDLgpHzK5LN2dksiCMN0ZtM3dk7Z8doYCVtgduP_691WPeGOTrYwvB13Q17o_4loSQ0YPsGcaBY/s1850/Gray+Treefrog+green2+Lily+Lagoon+7-10-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1240" data-original-width="1850" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4dJ-NO8uOj-wxGB1hf8QkpEtB0VG5CZALPdV4NOAYSKW169vqkIlC3_FKKU68b5VawDLgpHzK5LN2dksiCMN0ZtM3dk7Z8doYCVtgduP_691WPeGOTrYwvB13Q17o_4loSQ0YPsGcaBY/w640-h428/Gray+Treefrog+green2+Lily+Lagoon+7-10-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div> <span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Below is a map of the locations where these recordings were
made. All but one are either in Lake County, Ohio or a park that is literally on
its border. (The Bobolink/Northern Green-striped Grasshopper is from Geauga
County.)</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9sXuF158cPN5qHgTXOFV-Q_m7IYaLmRi1CLPBUwCZDQjPog3fK8bKxN8xSVtz_W5osBEQaiZXPzoW61hlltSVpUoNlo99kOrEbF9YyVQV-yjezj4A0LPy2l_23_xWFAxM8eepyEPQ1Gg/s928/Mixed+Ensemble+concert+venues+2021.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="787" data-original-width="928" height="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9sXuF158cPN5qHgTXOFV-Q_m7IYaLmRi1CLPBUwCZDQjPog3fK8bKxN8xSVtz_W5osBEQaiZXPzoW61hlltSVpUoNlo99kOrEbF9YyVQV-yjezj4A0LPy2l_23_xWFAxM8eepyEPQ1Gg/w640-h542/Mixed+Ensemble+concert+venues+2021.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The parks are: <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/parks/visit/parks/north-chagrin-reservation/oxbow-lagoon" target="_blank">North Chagrin Reservation, Oxbow Lagoon area </a><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://www.geaugaparkdistrict.org/park/orchard-hills-park/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Orchard Hills Park</span></span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://www.lakemetroparks.com/parks-trails/chapin-forest-reservation" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chapin Forest Reservation </span></span></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://holdenfg.org/holden-arboretum/plan-your-visit/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Holden Arboretum</span></span></a><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.lakemetroparks.com/parks-trails/lake-erie-bluffs" target="_blank">Lake Erie Bluffs</a> (northeast corner of Lake County. There are entrances at Lane Road and at Clark Road.)<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">South Russell Village Park (Geauga County near Chagrin Falls and Bainbridge. </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span class="LrzXr">1050 Bell St, Chagrin Falls, OH 44022 is the entrance I'd suggest for "Bobolink Hill.")<br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></p>
</div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-58048432139224863712021-06-02T18:53:00.001-04:002021-06-12T00:03:05.507-04:00Going Home, Coming Home<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6p8vuzMmY30LTNVr5TNB_f141_XxIRpdit8oVjpfFXoHtoyNkZEH4nKJyBJEOZ-_NNn342tl13_zfW4C-UsSR39ovleqeyRdB5n2CS8HOr7l_tWfbi7wbXnGtTBmCHAbn6Lg3NsnNrZ4/s1924/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+5-19-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1496" data-original-width="1924" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6p8vuzMmY30LTNVr5TNB_f141_XxIRpdit8oVjpfFXoHtoyNkZEH4nKJyBJEOZ-_NNn342tl13_zfW4C-UsSR39ovleqeyRdB5n2CS8HOr7l_tWfbi7wbXnGtTBmCHAbn6Lg3NsnNrZ4/w640-h498/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+5-19-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I love March and April, as you probably know by now, but sometimes
I wish May could slow down just a bit. I’d like a little more time to appreciate
all the birds that are leaving, those that are passing through, and those that
are arriving to spend the summer here. </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Mid-spring brings travelers that use our welcoming backyard
as a rest stop on their journey north. I’ve been keeping records since 1994,
and I know who to expect and when they’re likely to pass through. There’s
something reassuring about looking in my backyard record book and knowing
almost to the day when various birds are likely to arrive.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There will be Yellow-rumped Warblers up in our large, old pin
oak. Nashville Warblers will be in the birdbaths followed by Tennessee Warblers,
and Swainson’s Thrushes will stop for a week or so in mid-May. </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Most years will also bring an Ovenbird, Hermit Thrush, or
Wood Thrush foraging for insects in the oak leaves from last year, and numerous warblers will search for insects high
up in the oak flowers. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRoWps8en1D-PNn-q1WSoij1aga19_N8-sLKQXhYkCto_RkQ2hjHiCm3mCDdQnGosk2W5JfveBbfU9q9h06t-BbL1ZtKeLh9uh1EBUXs87Y-JV1Fu-GazUsPRSo5HGs8KfmsQ34mACnmw/s800/Swainson%2527s+Thrush+Montford1+5-19-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="800" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRoWps8en1D-PNn-q1WSoij1aga19_N8-sLKQXhYkCto_RkQ2hjHiCm3mCDdQnGosk2W5JfveBbfU9q9h06t-BbL1ZtKeLh9uh1EBUXs87Y-JV1Fu-GazUsPRSo5HGs8KfmsQ34mACnmw/w640-h466/Swainson%2527s+Thrush+Montford1+5-19-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i> Swainson's Thrush across the driveway from our dining room window</i><br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058337556&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/swainsons-thrush-and-tennessee-warbler-montford-5-11-15" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Swainson's Thrush And Tennessee Warbler Montford 5 - 11 - 15">Swainson's Thrush And Tennessee Warbler Montford 5 - 11 - 15</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Listening for the return of birds who nest in northeast
Ohio each summer is a joyful<span style="color: red;"> </span>homecoming from
this human’s point of view. I call it coming “home,” because it’s where they
nest and their nestlings will grow, fledge, and hopefully survive migration and
their winter residences to return again next spring. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">This year, I decided to make multiple visits to one of my favorite
places so I could listen to the sounds of spring migration in the second half
of May. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #c00000; line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="color: #c00000; line-height: 107%;">
</span><span style="line-height: 107%;">When
I finished all my academic work for the semester and my students were going
home, I made five trips to Lake Erie Bluffs between May 19<sup>th</sup> and 27<sup>th</sup>.
Birds moving north will stop and rest in the woods and meadows
overlooking Lake Erie until a south wind helps them travel across to Canada. I
wanted to listen more than do a visual search. Considering how early the trees
and understory leafed out during the periods of hot weather ahead of the birds’
arrival, listening was an appropriate choice. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The avian choruses changed considerably in just four days
and quite significantly during the entire week I made recordings of the birds I
heard and where and with who they were singing.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCij0oq659-55VEzprj4pKiDOZjGkmYQGEVE0nQyFtd-FYMoAv2eMqpriY8geqqO9ehCM6EnN_nXSOs5-nhrWGTj52v42So6PtTmrZEE0DdCIDCPSdUh8rKZTK9VfQQMBBMXrwivKBfOM/s1850/LEB+looking+out+over+the+lake1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1386" data-original-width="1850" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCij0oq659-55VEzprj4pKiDOZjGkmYQGEVE0nQyFtd-FYMoAv2eMqpriY8geqqO9ehCM6EnN_nXSOs5-nhrWGTj52v42So6PtTmrZEE0DdCIDCPSdUh8rKZTK9VfQQMBBMXrwivKBfOM/w640-h480/LEB+looking+out+over+the+lake1.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058341570&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/lake-erie-gentle-waves-and-song-sparrow-5-20-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lake Erie Gentle Waves And Song Sparrow 5 - 20 - 21">Lake Erie Gentle Waves And Song Sparrow 5 - 20 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">As you listen, keep in mind that I was up on the bluffs
that overlook Lake Erie. Sometimes, you’ll actually hear the waves that I could
see from where I was standing. You may also hear the breeze from the lake in
the broad leaves of cottonwoods in some places and the European black alders in
others. And of course, there are humans with their loud boats and motorcycles
(which annoy me greatly), and there are always trains (which don’t annoy me at
all). </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">What I heard was a complex mixture of avian travelers and birds
returning to their breeding territories. I typically emphasize “listening by
habitat’ in my birdsong classes, but that doesn’t quite work in May – especially
on the lakeshore. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">For examples, Yellow Warblers are ubiquitous at Lake Erie
Bluffs. There are more of these feisty yellow beauties in the shrubby, old-growth
fields that anywhere else I go. Each of them has multiple song options and can
quickly switch between them, making aural identification tricky until one learns
their repertoire.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWOonl-c7UvSPPJ8TEDKLwLBLpwGrOrZEpvVM49Vp6X50-I-XmEtBYQdnt-QnjEbIbDBHW_i44ykqjT2nN7U9Y32mLLf76qvKxNVbW-I77G0rdaeyoIiQpz3Hd8c_9adrfjWhwW2sy16E/s1024/IMG_7043.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="792" data-original-width="1024" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWOonl-c7UvSPPJ8TEDKLwLBLpwGrOrZEpvVM49Vp6X50-I-XmEtBYQdnt-QnjEbIbDBHW_i44ykqjT2nN7U9Y32mLLf76qvKxNVbW-I77G0rdaeyoIiQpz3Hd8c_9adrfjWhwW2sy16E/w640-h496/IMG_7043.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSTPNGcpD62H78Mjq8v39bJNpoUcuxE-JLYS3ufaj3K4DmhlClXErm176zMWsYCIWXvw0dlDp3Ah8EdBBlQt3cZGQDI8OT6LS5snt3GGrRPABVEqRoN5KyqTCk27K1cOghwQZ4SPwhodo/s1184/Three+songs+from+one+Yellow+Warbler+sonogram+LEB+5-22-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="107" data-original-width="1184" height="58" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSTPNGcpD62H78Mjq8v39bJNpoUcuxE-JLYS3ufaj3K4DmhlClXErm176zMWsYCIWXvw0dlDp3Ah8EdBBlQt3cZGQDI8OT6LS5snt3GGrRPABVEqRoN5KyqTCk27K1cOghwQZ4SPwhodo/w640-h58/Three+songs+from+one+Yellow+Warbler+sonogram+LEB+5-22-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058343436&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/one-yellow-warbler-multiple-songs-leb-5-22-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="One Yellow Warbler Multiple Songs LEB 5 - 22 - 21">One Yellow Warbler Multiple Songs LEB 5 - 22 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But on May 19 and 20, Yellow Warblers were plentiful even
in the woods along the bluff edge trails. American Redstarts seemed more likely
in that habitat, which is complicated by Yellow Warblers having a song variant
similar to one of the American Redstart’s multiple songs. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Visual identification was not helpful, as these small singers
were seldom apparent in the leaves and branches. </span><br /></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL95bXtx4UGIG6a3tF7MuP_zJJ3mKbv6vvuWndy9lmg1Glt5qrWXi2d7gRD5VntJ_DOjrC0Nkg9ilYNLEAF8qHfrJ-JwJT0sJfmy2ZMr808Ko8JRtpCODevVGfZhl_HATMTvZerm3muLE/s1024/Yellow+Warbler+is+well+hidden+even+though+he%2527s+bright+LEB+5-8-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="675" data-original-width="1024" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL95bXtx4UGIG6a3tF7MuP_zJJ3mKbv6vvuWndy9lmg1Glt5qrWXi2d7gRD5VntJ_DOjrC0Nkg9ilYNLEAF8qHfrJ-JwJT0sJfmy2ZMr808Ko8JRtpCODevVGfZhl_HATMTvZerm3muLE/w640-h422/Yellow+Warbler+is+well+hidden+even+though+he%2527s+bright+LEB+5-8-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">All I could do was study my sonograms
after the fact and make my best guess. I was able to confirm one American Redstart
among them. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(This is as American Redstart I recorded at Lake Erie Bluffs five years ago singing exactly the song I heard this year. I've included this recording so you can hear what enabled me to confirm the Redstart mixed in with this year's Yellow Warblers. The Redstart sonograms also looked the same both years. )</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264624979&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/american-redstart-at-lake-erie-bluffs" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="American Redstart at Lake Erie Bluffs">American Redstart at Lake Erie Bluffs</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Were there other warblers? Yes, but I couldn’t always
separate them out of the overall texture because there were so many birds
singing simultaneously!</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It was easier to distinguish the birds with the slightly lower pitches
and distinctive phrase patterns of the more recognizable songs. Robins were present–
they’re in every habitat. Eastern Pewee? Yes – he’d just come back, as had the
Red-eyed Vireo and Great Crested Flycatcher. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Northern Cardinals and the Tufted Titmice with their
multiple song types had been there all along. Carolina Wren and House Wren? I typically
hear them in the edges, but they both were in the woods along with the Gray Catbirds
I typically hear in more open, shrubby habitat. There was even an Eastern Towhee
singing back there! </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I think you’ll have a good chance at picking out the individual
species in this recording.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkJmClfjqKNi7a7QZI8iWHJn-gOpw6L4Q4ddfqXjrBBYAfg7c7_QgBowFhewyonzZgp1u7mZKsK0Qmu7rmjAlNHt6ToA5_4L1Ajl1V8wKsSioKS0EgaISmiNdI1PiCBZ8I0thU5Th-8Kc/s1850/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+ravine+5-27-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1412" data-original-width="1850" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkJmClfjqKNi7a7QZI8iWHJn-gOpw6L4Q4ddfqXjrBBYAfg7c7_QgBowFhewyonzZgp1u7mZKsK0Qmu7rmjAlNHt6ToA5_4L1Ajl1V8wKsSioKS0EgaISmiNdI1PiCBZ8I0thU5Th-8Kc/w640-h488/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+ravine+5-27-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058347801&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/great-crested-house-wren-pewee-towhee-warblers-leb-5-20-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Great Crested House Wren Pewee Towhee Warblers LEB 5 - 20 - 21">Great Crested House Wren Pewee Towhee Warblers LEB 5 - 20 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But combining all these recent arrivals with the birds who
are just passing through results in a lot of birds singing in an orchestral
tutti. They were not taking solos. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I might make this exercise an annual ear training practice assignment
for myself. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Another large chorus was performing in the open areas on
the Lane Road side of the park, and that’s where I focused my attention next.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK5nFT4LuiE-6CJwr-TWmoe1KBtPrCWJJCDNoD_PXCWfcwZ4DR9jFfgyY8Mf4vPtc1I43aScn_CURyRQuw1RbAxBmpWUDigHmIHwz35WPToYKHM7ZaHDR7GAU18jSTJbC4Mg54hMd3zI0/s1850/LEB+Lane+Road+trail2+5-27-21+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1369" data-original-width="1850" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK5nFT4LuiE-6CJwr-TWmoe1KBtPrCWJJCDNoD_PXCWfcwZ4DR9jFfgyY8Mf4vPtc1I43aScn_CURyRQuw1RbAxBmpWUDigHmIHwz35WPToYKHM7ZaHDR7GAU18jSTJbC4Mg54hMd3zI0/w640-h474/LEB+Lane+Road+trail2+5-27-21+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The number of warblers in the woods at the far western end of
the park had diminished; and the Wood Thrush and Veery that joined them might
actually stay for the summer. However, the primary ensemble was comprised of recently-returned
summer residents in the open areas. These singers all belonged together in this
habitat. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Near the shelter and the stairway down to the lake
was a stand a trees and shrubs occupied by a Baltimore Oriole and also a Tufted
Titmouse that was probably attracted to the nearby bird feeders. Every
Baltimore Oriole has his own collection of unique melodic fragments, and male
Tufted Titmice each have a repertoire of short, loud, repetitious songs. At
first, I wasn’t sure which species I was hearing at times, though I was leaning
toward titmouse. Ultimately, I realized it was actually both! </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-gIvD1Wwq4M12B_4AGVXViDRVBBPqC1L1kU6tcRj4acKVNBGMA6s_xdwVU5fHWgx8XSW-K4SsSWco7dv7TO_2SFEssID9f8ymP0WPC5ssGUsAxR7E-gB71xDzaT_k227oXJD5cdQtSds/s1409/Baltimore+Oriole+Titmouse+sonogram+excerpt.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="91" data-original-width="1409" height="42" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-gIvD1Wwq4M12B_4AGVXViDRVBBPqC1L1kU6tcRj4acKVNBGMA6s_xdwVU5fHWgx8XSW-K4SsSWco7dv7TO_2SFEssID9f8ymP0WPC5ssGUsAxR7E-gB71xDzaT_k227oXJD5cdQtSds/w640-h42/Baltimore+Oriole+Titmouse+sonogram+excerpt.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058354431&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/tufted-titmouse-baltimore-oriole-or-both-leb-5-20-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Tufted Titmouse Baltimore Oriole Or Both LEB 5 - 20 - 21">Tufted Titmouse Baltimore Oriole Or Both LEB 5 - 20 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Also singing on this side of Lake Erie Bluffs were Orchard
Orioles, Warbling Vireos, Willow Flycatchers, Common Yellowthroats, American Goldfinches
and an Indigo Bunting. A Yellow-breasted Chat was an occasional comic soloist. </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Here are two Common Yellowthroats whose personal shrubs are a little too close to each other.</span><br /></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOUdVGHps7lu5q9l0921KcJfhbot8sYkcBxsvFMecGN9S6nI1I8k2KlxKp05pjrqbMJkA6z01fJHC1NGUjUIuqMMqfzl8k4x6NIHr28j2td1Yjz-mFhXd8ZOZV1hRcjAjVFTqWldeW8ww/s1024/Common+Yellowthroat+Skulker+Dike+14+5-10-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="1024" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOUdVGHps7lu5q9l0921KcJfhbot8sYkcBxsvFMecGN9S6nI1I8k2KlxKp05pjrqbMJkA6z01fJHC1NGUjUIuqMMqfzl8k4x6NIHr28j2td1Yjz-mFhXd8ZOZV1hRcjAjVFTqWldeW8ww/w640-h468/Common+Yellowthroat+Skulker+Dike+14+5-10-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i> Common Yellowthroats are easy to hear but not so easy to see in their shrubs</i></span></span></span><br /><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058357053&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/two-common-yellowthroats-and-chatter-call-leb-5-22-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Two Common Yellowthroats and Chatter Call LEB 5 - 22 - 21">Two Common Yellowthroats and Chatter Call LEB 5 - 22 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Just the above-mentioned species together would be an impressive concert,
but none of these comprised the largest sections of the ensemble.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Those were the Catbirds and Yellow Warblers: the signature
sound of Lake Erie Bluffs.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAV5ZPtNqveAk74IJ0gVf-V-KDhglMgrB8Bc6xdv74MF6ELeXtyDhIYbpGyh7XrIZeTEpiPp_CXWFP7ciY6YxAtFhvH4DY_jZ1-p-Ad77q7WQzMR-Wk0m8b2FYzr5f5E3pKstmtoc-3y8/s1024/Catbird+calling+from+multiflora+LEB+5-8-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="1024" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAV5ZPtNqveAk74IJ0gVf-V-KDhglMgrB8Bc6xdv74MF6ELeXtyDhIYbpGyh7XrIZeTEpiPp_CXWFP7ciY6YxAtFhvH4DY_jZ1-p-Ad77q7WQzMR-Wk0m8b2FYzr5f5E3pKstmtoc-3y8/w640-h466/Catbird+calling+from+multiflora+LEB+5-8-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>The Brown Thrashers that arrived in April had already begun
to quiet down – listen and watch for them in mid to late April if you’d like to
hear their impressive, imitative serenades. Their role had now been taken
over by the many Gray Catbirds that seemed to be singing from every large clump
of grapevine-covered shrubs or venerable blackberry tangle. </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span> </span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSg1Fr96mVUB9sHNmy0D9-uda_SnQxl_MJ7t5HtZty_WIyAGvA6PB7EvNfMHb1kahv9wxFdh8GUAjWuZWTFcRQvQYhMcVr2V4bPkSXVEEGN5CjcQqQLLjkaM1xwkpEWI-FPcCNqqA2ZvQ/s1850/LEB+Lane+Rd+observation+deck+view.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1396" data-original-width="1850" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSg1Fr96mVUB9sHNmy0D9-uda_SnQxl_MJ7t5HtZty_WIyAGvA6PB7EvNfMHb1kahv9wxFdh8GUAjWuZWTFcRQvQYhMcVr2V4bPkSXVEEGN5CjcQqQLLjkaM1xwkpEWI-FPcCNqqA2ZvQ/w640-h482/LEB+Lane+Rd+observation+deck+view.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Catbird in my recording was singing next to this small observation desk.</span></span></i><br /></div><div><i><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></i><p></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058359060&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">Lisa Rainsong · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/catbird-next-to-observation-deck-leb-5-25-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Catbird Next To Observation Deck LEB 5 - 25 - 21">Catbird Next To Observation Deck LEB 5 - 25 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There are more Yellow Warblers here than seems possible; one
would think that at least some must be migrants. I’m amazed each year by how
many nest here and have often had the delightful experience of being literally
surrounded by them. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqo7fBPyiK7g1AmkKW3GFRV3eW1O6rSLJUxUv70HX5KXGSbW9HqoiHzaYpg23H6B4Tpv8dMwQTw0R_lab1qtcHuRY92TZwR92BSt1tuyq0bj3Kpr3TBx_wPPByijjFl0yOvSgQ-omgSC8/s1024/Yellow+Warbler+in+shrub+I+like+this+one+LEB+5-8-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="778" data-original-width="1024" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqo7fBPyiK7g1AmkKW3GFRV3eW1O6rSLJUxUv70HX5KXGSbW9HqoiHzaYpg23H6B4Tpv8dMwQTw0R_lab1qtcHuRY92TZwR92BSt1tuyq0bj3Kpr3TBx_wPPByijjFl0yOvSgQ-omgSC8/w640-h486/Yellow+Warbler+in+shrub+I+like+this+one+LEB+5-8-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058360479&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/yellow-warblers-lake-erie-bluffs-5-19-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Yellow Warblers Lake Erie Bluffs 5 - 19 - 21">Yellow Warblers Lake Erie Bluffs 5 - 19 - 21</a></div>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ll close with one last story about the wooded ravine along
the trail connecting the west side (Lane Road) with the east side (Clark Road)
of the park. I went back on May 27<sup>th</sup>, certain that by now that all those
woodland Yellow Warblers would have crossed Lake Erie and the Catbirds would have relocated
to more shrubby areas beyond the woods. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">They were still there. And the one American Redstart I worked
so hard to confirm?</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Two male Redstarts flew right past my head with a female watching
from behind me. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmyzDVIgBenGxtuEU3ccRxyBZ42kfrfcsQfsqS8K5Zulv98CcUnbG_5Zk-2bhWsDdkKW4nf8uDDoei80G6qwjcZhAu2NsaAa4cgwIIN71o2jcCXrrSuNNKmXRihToNjfJRjEuMm4z2ZL8/s1024/American+Redstart+singing+LEB+5-9-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1024" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmyzDVIgBenGxtuEU3ccRxyBZ42kfrfcsQfsqS8K5Zulv98CcUnbG_5Zk-2bhWsDdkKW4nf8uDDoei80G6qwjcZhAu2NsaAa4cgwIIN71o2jcCXrrSuNNKmXRihToNjfJRjEuMm4z2ZL8/w640-h550/American+Redstart+singing+LEB+5-9-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">My car was parked in the circle at the end of Lane Road, where two of my favorite singers were performing. Before I put away my recording equipment, I recorded the Orchard Oriole immediately followed by the Warbling Vireo (pictured below). </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1058361799&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/orchard-oriole-then-warbling-vireo-leb-lane-rd-circle-5-25-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Orchard Oriole Then Warbling Vireo LEB Lane Rd Circle 5 - 25 - 21">Orchard Oriole Then Warbling Vireo LEB Lane Rd Circle 5 - 25 - 21</a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">
</span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ccjUf2NR1MVGsKGNb4lRZEUburtWq9ItprbqQI3EeW6jik2-aBNAKzsWt7hoD4dOj_Ygh7X5Y246Q3-JLDpBcSEL6ILaAF3KCKVoi-BqIgHe4wkyOsXnfR_5rb1w8UOI9ytZvDI7xnA/s1024/Warbling+Vireo+singing+Skok+5-13-14.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="925" data-original-width="1024" height="578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2ccjUf2NR1MVGsKGNb4lRZEUburtWq9ItprbqQI3EeW6jik2-aBNAKzsWt7hoD4dOj_Ygh7X5Y246Q3-JLDpBcSEL6ILaAF3KCKVoi-BqIgHe4wkyOsXnfR_5rb1w8UOI9ytZvDI7xnA/w640-h578/Warbling+Vireo+singing+Skok+5-13-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">And as I walked and listened on those trails that week, I realized the
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</i></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://www.lakemetroparks.com/parks-trails/lake-erie-bluffs">http://www.lakemetroparks.com/parks-trails/lake-erie-bluffs</a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here’s a map of the two sides of the park and
the trail that connects them. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><i> <img alt="" src="data:image/png;base64,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/></i></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There is also beach access to the fascinating beach below where you can look up and observe the progression of
the bluffs as they slide down to the lake. If you also look down, you'll find interesting and beautiful rocks and stones.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">You can park in the lots at either the Clark Road entrance or the Lane Road entrance. The circle at the end of Lane Road itself also has access to the trails. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p></div><div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<![endif]--></p></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-55293576162792023772021-04-12T14:45:00.006-04:002021-04-12T15:15:04.532-04:00A Chorus of Friends<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimKVlW4qIxpSccv8YFczLItC8dfEtbSCCJK8_xLBKOANXQzYzBo36OiwxfjG46bozzZKL6E7-2c0yg7GNH2ffnXKmM92ZOtecwRKywFoh1bGtbYslh3gGx7kH6r-vNfo9dOQQIj6KxHWA/s1850/Pickerel+Frog+singing1R+Sanctuary+Marsh+4-7-21.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1392" data-original-width="1850" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimKVlW4qIxpSccv8YFczLItC8dfEtbSCCJK8_xLBKOANXQzYzBo36OiwxfjG46bozzZKL6E7-2c0yg7GNH2ffnXKmM92ZOtecwRKywFoh1bGtbYslh3gGx7kH6r-vNfo9dOQQIj6KxHWA/w640-h482/Pickerel+Frog+singing1R+Sanctuary+Marsh+4-7-21.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Pickerel Frog at North Chagrin Reservation, Cleveland Metroparks. You'll read about him and hear this impressive individual in this post</span></span><br /></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Contrast and
continuity. I talk about the necessity of both in my music theory classes but
wasn’t expecting to see these concepts demonstrated so profoundly in my life
this year. Yet when I reread my April blog post from the past year –<a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2020/05/covid-free-concerts.html" target="_blank">“Covid-free Concerts,</a> that’s exactly what I saw– the continuity of the natural
world providing a sense of balance, predictability, and continuity when so much
else was about unexpected contrasts.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>A year after the
coronavirus shutdown began, it was time for early spring amphibian songs again.
And there they were: “a chorus of friends,” as one of my music theory students
who has assisted with frog calling surveys had characterized them.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>He was
specifically referencing the Western Chorus Frogs, which I especially love.
“Oh, you love ALL of them,” I can hear you thinking. OK, point taken. You are
absolutely correct. And I love them even more than ever this year.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>I think many of
us were especially delighted and relieved to hear the first Spring Peepers this
year as their songs challenged the annual March battle of cold fronts and warm
fronts.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><br /> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026855628&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/spring-peepers-at-the-rookery-geauga-county" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Spring Peepers at The Rookery Geauga County">Spring Peepers at The Rookery Geauga County</a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>In many locations, they were joined by the Wood Frogs’ urgently intense
calling, splashing, and chasing as they converge in the vernal pools for a
week-long reproductive frenzy. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgpzadf3XVXFREIQyQ1qnWYwF3Bcf8PKempCGepCAw98w8fOQaIjK9dUqDGcldr9MAArjYiv4NGoPDErcbdaffIcVy6kOuoMJyjb4EOf5khG4SivNDFmPhS9061-hRngrbsFJeB4LPgbg/s1024/Wood+Frog+swimming+after+another+male+WMW+3-27-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgpzadf3XVXFREIQyQ1qnWYwF3Bcf8PKempCGepCAw98w8fOQaIjK9dUqDGcldr9MAArjYiv4NGoPDErcbdaffIcVy6kOuoMJyjb4EOf5khG4SivNDFmPhS9061-hRngrbsFJeB4LPgbg/w640-h426/Wood+Frog+swimming+after+another+male+WMW+3-27-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Wood Frog male swimming after another male in his space. </span><br /></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>For them, it was
time for reproduction. For me, it was time to get out my “Wetland” Muck Boots
and remember that this year, I still needed to take a mask along with my
recording gear. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Eldon Russell
Park along the upper Cuyahoga River in Geauga County is one of the spring
concert venues I attend every year in March for frogs and again in April for
marsh marigolds and birdsong. As I parked this year, I also remembered how last
year at this time, park visitors (myself included) sat in our cars listening to
the governor’s 2PM coronavirus press conference updates before ever stepping
outside of our vehicles. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Walking up
the storm-battered path along the Cuyahoga River, that uneasy reminder
dissipated into the delight of hearing a glorious chorus in the wet woods to my
right. This was a huge chorus of Spring Peepers, but…wasn’t there also a
sizable Wood Frog ensemble beyond them? And could I somehow work my way past
the Peepers?</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPceYY-xgHmt5dHuyLmyTfaA8WXPv6Rg32R38zt8eN4iBQ3jY5Wa0hqAii9xL5WqMn1o-JLUtYadTNhcGyn1KEa9GR_JcgyjX74dwdNOaFcD7uWn7j6dCbqKBFIwpwBMyKzPKjrJzdkKk/s1850/Eldon+Russel+wet+woods+closer+to+river+3-22-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1388" data-original-width="1850" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPceYY-xgHmt5dHuyLmyTfaA8WXPv6Rg32R38zt8eN4iBQ3jY5Wa0hqAii9xL5WqMn1o-JLUtYadTNhcGyn1KEa9GR_JcgyjX74dwdNOaFcD7uWn7j6dCbqKBFIwpwBMyKzPKjrJzdkKk/w640-h480/Eldon+Russel+wet+woods+closer+to+river+3-22-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026793165&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/spring-peepers-close-wood-frogs-farther-back-eldon-russell-3-22-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Spring Peepers Close Wood Frogs Farther Back Eldon Russell 3 - 22 - 21">Spring Peepers Close Wood Frogs Farther Back Eldon Russell 3 - 22 - 21</a></div>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<span>Well, not
exactly. After getting stuck in a wetland last year and sinking in mud within
an inch of the tops of my knee-high Muck Boots, I promised myself I would never
repeat that unsettling situation. After quickly sinking six inches into the
mud, I reconsidered my route.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>But what about
entering the woods from the other side? It was shrubby, wet, and mucky, but
there were enough footholds to reach the concert hall. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKFMIS7ksOeEs2nng_pAmCuJaahFBrstDJjtVHn3NIFQbrY1IK3oyzEh01mCkEaapdE_0-VDoV_LpiH8dh5af8p4kPailUELtZvcZaqyYvHwprjrnKmEMH3wveJc8sGUzyBPZooHGKu9Q/s1850/Eldon+Russell+wet+woods+closer+to+road+3-22-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1388" data-original-width="1850" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKFMIS7ksOeEs2nng_pAmCuJaahFBrstDJjtVHn3NIFQbrY1IK3oyzEh01mCkEaapdE_0-VDoV_LpiH8dh5af8p4kPailUELtZvcZaqyYvHwprjrnKmEMH3wveJc8sGUzyBPZooHGKu9Q/w640-h480/Eldon+Russell+wet+woods+closer+to+road+3-22-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026794809&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/large-wood-frog-and-peeper-chorus-eldon-russell-3-22-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Large Wood Frog And Peeper Chorus Eldon Russell 3 - 22 - 21">Large Wood Frog And Peeper Chorus Eldon Russell 3 - 22 - 21</a></div>
</span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>As you might imagine, I
temporarily forgot the exhaustion, sadness and anxiety of the past year and
I certainly didn’t have to worry about social distancing.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Another annual
March destination is the Medina Park District’s Letha House Park. The ponds and
wet fields are typically full of frog song in the early spring, but it’s a
different chorus from the northeastern counties. This park is southwest of
Cleveland and the sunny, wet fields are a splendid stage for Western Chorus
Frogs. I don’t have the opportunity to hear these tiny frogs in my immediate area – they simply
aren’t here – so traveling west/southwest to find them is part of every spring
for Wendy and me. It’s one of the trips we always try to take together.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI3ndpiWj3MoofmVea4asYCV1Bhgz8x7LxRqhQsNJwNegtLGy5TcdTTcfSiJZR73UjSy3fzq9J0DS6U84d_LGungpfSO4TVzJVi6F_p9v7WmmwPff_KOqMLBPMW9pJjbdffxDv972qXaI/s1850/Letha+House+wet+meadow+3-20-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1388" data-original-width="1850" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiI3ndpiWj3MoofmVea4asYCV1Bhgz8x7LxRqhQsNJwNegtLGy5TcdTTcfSiJZR73UjSy3fzq9J0DS6U84d_LGungpfSO4TVzJVi6F_p9v7WmmwPff_KOqMLBPMW9pJjbdffxDv972qXaI/w640-h480/Letha+House+wet+meadow+3-20-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The west side of
the park is primarily wetlands and wet meadows and is accessed via a bridle
trail. We had barely begun to walk the trail when we heard the huge number of
Western Chorus Frogs and Spring Peepers in the distance – the “chorus of friends” we’d come to
visit. They aren’t calling there for long –this is the early spring amphibian
chorus that defies the possibility of a brief return to winter,</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUteVGPN41oepd3QY5Ks80Qty18YPB4wmg6IQ_IwojYKzcLs6Ims-NiDmXp5s4zJSc1ourU543z4NQdKW-GRkABp0xAnE-7q3iZyOHX1-D8RnAYATOorFPEl_gfYeu3Gsyki9ZybNyXkc/s789/Western+Chorus+Frog3+Letha+House+4-8-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="789" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUteVGPN41oepd3QY5Ks80Qty18YPB4wmg6IQ_IwojYKzcLs6Ims-NiDmXp5s4zJSc1ourU543z4NQdKW-GRkABp0xAnE-7q3iZyOHX1-D8RnAYATOorFPEl_gfYeu3Gsyki9ZybNyXkc/w640-h430/Western+Chorus+Frog3+Letha+House+4-8-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: medium;">This tiny Western Chorus Frog was singing in the flooded field at Letha House.</span></span> </span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026809377&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/chorus-of-friends-from-a-distance-letha-house-3-20-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Chorus of Friends from a distance Letha House 3 - 20 - 21">Chorus of Friends from a distance Letha House 3 - 20 - 21</a></div>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>As we got closer
to their flooded field and shallow pond, we heard Wood Frogs calling with them
as well. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHaA0Pl3b16hJwZS1cbvcUDjoUwIoprUogO7JfLBJKvgpXz0zGv2oAzrAuVMsGYsn4RsJZF_alMMR9GR-HcdWaiGg1j9H57h_3noR6ET0LgHm48k3lL_On61wg79VNH2LHPdMvmNMTejs/s1850/Letha+House+wet+meadow+pond+3-20-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1388" data-original-width="1850" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHaA0Pl3b16hJwZS1cbvcUDjoUwIoprUogO7JfLBJKvgpXz0zGv2oAzrAuVMsGYsn4RsJZF_alMMR9GR-HcdWaiGg1j9H57h_3noR6ET0LgHm48k3lL_On61wg79VNH2LHPdMvmNMTejs/w640-h480/Letha+House+wet+meadow+pond+3-20-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> <iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026805564&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/chorus-of-friends-letha-house-closer-3-20-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Chorus Of Friends Letha House Closer 3 - 20 - 21">Chorus Of Friends Letha House Closer 3 - 20 - 21</a></span></span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>In some areas, Wood Frogs were already finishing their brief season of
“explosive breeding” (yes, this is an actual term). I typically listen for Wood
Frogs in vernal pools that are often in the woods, but this area was wide open
and in full sun.</span></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaPAyImRp4VK_2qDVAQH2q9lCiUM8WZoIUYcWkza9fdjgNa6eZPEcKpvdrXfCH4ov7Ct67ynGO3G7n_KhaU1kQnBVuxf8qkpnOIXb803rrbItSlVP-SXe_iyg8eIg3yxXwFVJ-8v6HMYk/s1024/Wood+Frog+Letha+House+3-25-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="742" data-original-width="1024" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaPAyImRp4VK_2qDVAQH2q9lCiUM8WZoIUYcWkza9fdjgNa6eZPEcKpvdrXfCH4ov7Ct67ynGO3G7n_KhaU1kQnBVuxf8qkpnOIXb803rrbItSlVP-SXe_iyg8eIg3yxXwFVJ-8v6HMYk/w640-h464/Wood+Frog+Letha+House+3-25-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Wood Frog in the bright sun at Letha House Park</span><br /> </span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>It was an
interesting location for listening to significant numbers of all three while
thinking about how people can learn to distinguish between these species when
they’re all together. Just Wood Frogs and Spring Peepers together isn’t so
challenging, but the addition of Western Chorus Frogs – especially in large
numbers – results in a dense wash of sound whose components can be difficult to
separate.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The pairing that
would benefit from some ear training practice would be the Wood Frogs and
Western Chorus Frogs. The Peepers will take care of themselves. (If you’d like
to practice Spring Peepers with Western Chorus Frogs, however, see my<span> </span>notes at the end of this post)</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Listen first to
just the Western Chorus and Wood Frogs in the first half of the next recording.
(I’ll bring the Spring Peepers back into the mix for the second half of the
track.) </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026804103&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/comparison-of-amphibian-choristers-letha-house-3-20-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Comparison of Amphibian Choristers Letha House 3 - 20 - 21">Comparison of Amphibian Choristers Letha House 3 - 20 - 21</a></span></span></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>People often compare Wood Frogs to quacking Mallards, and the sounds
are definitely similar. The Western Chorus Frog song is often described as
sounding like running one’s finger over the teeth of a comb from the end with
longer teeth up to the end with shorter teeth. It sounds rather dry – not the
distinctive peeping pitch of the Spring Peeper.</span></span></span></p><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Now look at the
sonogram, keeping in mind that what you see closer to the top of the image is
what’s higher in pitch. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU7G83jqYGvlCBQru7_haIBTBkSmc81zM1_Zd00u0eWTzVBGjriVJ9InPwIB1rFPHSvVReT7qfuAOY_zbpXnTr2H17gHjfugU-6NepFxCH9ATZLrssqqEyFUvS_VoPqYJOhZiWal-AlLQ/s1417/Western+Chorus+Wood+Frogs+Spring+Peepers+sonogram+Letha+House+3-20-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="1417" height="80" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjU7G83jqYGvlCBQru7_haIBTBkSmc81zM1_Zd00u0eWTzVBGjriVJ9InPwIB1rFPHSvVReT7qfuAOY_zbpXnTr2H17gHjfugU-6NepFxCH9ATZLrssqqEyFUvS_VoPqYJOhZiWal-AlLQ/w640-h80/Western+Chorus+Wood+Frogs+Spring+Peepers+sonogram+Letha+House+3-20-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>On the lower pitch level with be erratic vertical bands
that are the “croaks” of the Wood Frogs. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Next, look at the
higher pitches.<span> </span>See all the thin,
slightly diffuse lines that seem to gradually ascend as a unit? I think this
looks like a suggestion of the comb teeth of the Western Chorus Frogs.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Finally, the
bright, ascending diagonal lines are the Spring Peepers and you can match those
bright lines with their loud, high-pitched, penetrating calls.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>A more distant
stop on the annual March Frog Song Tour is the large, sunny pond at The
Wilderness Center in the southwest corner of Stark County near the Wayne County
line. This was yet another live concert Wendy and I could
safely attend.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm11RcYaf40_VQ43iOYWB7B6tVGrKmb9CEDCZNB61PR1gTDP1SUfFyUrijF00LjMCPo9UmFRYwN4R8JEzJOSBdPmuiSv609ejjOpk0yM-8YG7ZvBhOiGIbW9-7wuCm32jkprdbPZbU66Y/s1947/The+Wilderness+Center+pond+3-21-21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1459" data-original-width="1947" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjm11RcYaf40_VQ43iOYWB7B6tVGrKmb9CEDCZNB61PR1gTDP1SUfFyUrijF00LjMCPo9UmFRYwN4R8JEzJOSBdPmuiSv609ejjOpk0yM-8YG7ZvBhOiGIbW9-7wuCm32jkprdbPZbU66Y/w640-h480/The+Wilderness+Center+pond+3-21-21.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026788485&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/approaching-the-wilderness-center-pond-3-21-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Approaching The Wilderness Center Pond 3 - 21 - 20">Approaching The Wilderness Center Pond 3 - 21 - 20</a></div>
</span></div><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Let’s take a few
minutes to listen closely for everything going on in this pond. There were
actually four different frog species singing at the same time! While listening
and recording from secure footing in the water near the shore, I could hear
the first Leopard Frogs beginning to add their low-pitched calls. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>They sound rather like growling and snoring and can actually sing under
water.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhesMW1iimXUykgXxIwP8d5cm-EcGroJpvOyW2Iigb0yJpVlBX_EOmLiDvwoImkvexOo15kR8Y_f4hcPAo6lT0Z3PfvQyM1XQDXzkO8lT3EX-azZ1gV6Aqb9XhHMpQ6CZ1Th0TUvIdslyY/s800/Leopard+Frog+Hyde+7-26-11.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="780" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhesMW1iimXUykgXxIwP8d5cm-EcGroJpvOyW2Iigb0yJpVlBX_EOmLiDvwoImkvexOo15kR8Y_f4hcPAo6lT0Z3PfvQyM1XQDXzkO8lT3EX-azZ1gV6Aqb9XhHMpQ6CZ1Th0TUvIdslyY/w390-h400/Leopard+Frog+Hyde+7-26-11.JPG" width="390" /></a></span></span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026786658&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/all-four-species-of-early-spring-frogs-twc-3-21-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="All Four Species Of Early Spring Frogs TWC 3 - 21 - 21">All Four Species Of Early Spring Frogs TWC 3 - 21 - 21</a></div>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>My final rousing
frog chorus was much closer to home at Cleveland Metroparks’ North Chagrin
Reservation along the Chagrin River. Wendy and I celebrated the full moon at
the end of March by going out at night to listen. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>The Wood Frogs
had already finished calling and had returned to the woodlands. We only heard a
few stragglers, but the Spring Peeper chorus was overwhelming! </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj77Z83IAEK_43ko1ZY2S6mBc4tM3YdJ6rp8JPa6Cu1H7-8jr2aVjmG7I5UifXkdvl3JsukRSiHIGvqLkuFy88jY_lnxJYOFUP8EVGoqh1rEIrwC9GiZNQmO-Bfbk1ByXMPrHtfpBW4EX4/s1024/Spring+Peeper+singing2+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="777" data-original-width="1024" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj77Z83IAEK_43ko1ZY2S6mBc4tM3YdJ6rp8JPa6Cu1H7-8jr2aVjmG7I5UifXkdvl3JsukRSiHIGvqLkuFy88jY_lnxJYOFUP8EVGoqh1rEIrwC9GiZNQmO-Bfbk1ByXMPrHtfpBW4EX4/w640-h486/Spring+Peeper+singing2+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;">Spring Peeper singing at North Chagrin Reservation</span><br /></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>There are no
Western Chorus Frogs here, as I mentioned earlier. While there are Leopard
Frogs in other parks east/southeast of Cleveland and in most other places I
listen, there’s something special at North Chagrin: Pickerel Frogs! And we were
there to hear the first few Pickerels beginning to call as we watched the
moon’s reflection in the water. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1028030164&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/spring-peeper-chorus-and-one-pickerel-frog-lily-lagoon-3-27-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Spring Peeper Chorus And One Pickerel Frog Lily Lagoon 3 - 27 - 21">Spring Peeper Chorus And One Pickerel Frog Lily Lagoon 3 - 27 - 21</a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p></p><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>I made a
subsequent trip to hear increasing numbers of Pickerels at North Chagrin. I had
no idea there were so many there and was delighted to actually see and
photograph one in full song! </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWJD_tCjyD0Tpqn7imL9ciJP9KAe3F7x1zUxA9gMbq1yNdFDZqlaU25_8cHAkfsDv99DCRvFP-WGe2OTv0kQekDg24-H7MNBrs7CB4QIUy1a52xwfsTmIDgy7bd0l6IVhzuubHzJQfqQc/s1850/Pickerel+Frog+singing1R+Sanctuary+Marsh+4-7-21.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1392" data-original-width="1850" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWJD_tCjyD0Tpqn7imL9ciJP9KAe3F7x1zUxA9gMbq1yNdFDZqlaU25_8cHAkfsDv99DCRvFP-WGe2OTv0kQekDg24-H7MNBrs7CB4QIUy1a52xwfsTmIDgy7bd0l6IVhzuubHzJQfqQc/w640-h482/Pickerel+Frog+singing1R+Sanctuary+Marsh+4-7-21.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>In the recording below, the very close, loud
soloist is the Pickerel Frog in my photo.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026777421&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/pickerel-soloist-with-commentary-sanctuary-marsh-4-7-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Pickerel Soloist With Commentary Sanctuary Marsh 4 -7-21">Pickerel Soloist With Commentary Sanctuary Marsh 4 -7-21</a></div>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Wendy and I went
back together, and the Pickerels - accompanied by an enthusiastic chorus of
Spring Peepers – were now joined by a continuo section of American Toads. An
occasional beaver tail splash added accents as we sat quietly and listened with
flashlights off until closing time.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/1026775237&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/pickerels-peepers-toads-beaver-lily-lagoon-4-7-21" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Pickerels Peepers Toads Beaver Lily Lagoon 4- 7-21">Pickerels Peepers Toads Beaver Lily Lagoon 4- 7-21</a></div>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>My chorus of
friends helped me through another March and into early April. Other splendid
ensembles will follow, but those early frogs who annually summon Spring’s
arrival were once again my continuity and hope. </span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFlwCcTMlZ-RxJwlnSU8ZFFhyphenhypheny5a6IM5U9fgJmpqsaytERVPWvX2WueUl4q4PHfqbNWZsoOk_pnaBHuOi1eEwb9GJMXMIrOq1iosDrkBgweElT7ut0eGPKLxKX0ITkEj7neIWQKc9sSDw/s1850/Lisa+Recording+at+TWC+pond+3-21-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1388" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFlwCcTMlZ-RxJwlnSU8ZFFhyphenhypheny5a6IM5U9fgJmpqsaytERVPWvX2WueUl4q4PHfqbNWZsoOk_pnaBHuOi1eEwb9GJMXMIrOq1iosDrkBgweElT7ut0eGPKLxKX0ITkEj7neIWQKc9sSDw/w480-h640/Lisa+Recording+at+TWC+pond+3-21-20.jpg" width="480" /></a></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><br /><br /></span></span></span><p></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>If you’d like to
read and listen to additional comparisons of various frog calls, you’ll find
recordings, photos, and sonograms in my 2019 post, </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>“Snarls and Snores” at
<a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2019/06/snarls-and-snores.html">http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2019/06/snarls-and-snores.html</a> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span>(Leopard
and Pickerel Frogs) and “A Concert of Western Music” at
<a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2016/03/a-concert-of-western-music.html">http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2016/03/a-concert-of-western-music.html</a>
(Western Chorus Frogs and Spring Peepers)</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>
</span></span></span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Thank you to
violinist Andrew Smeader, Jr., for the description of the frogs as “a chorus of
friends.”</span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">
</span><p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoPlainText"><span style="font-family: "Courier New";"> </span></p>
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<![endif]-->Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-21436880971662694872021-01-10T12:24:00.005-05:002021-01-10T12:48:32.507-05:00Safety, Refuge, and Research<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTgGGE0b-Cmt9QxOhnUdLqdo-8fBEL_NI7UNdAPDTbCSuSBGV_4mkqOQNhTi9d56_ZxM2nm1mRlSpxikbLXkfmsubKeggBx5S-zc-7Jr6m8Tvejry7mMLK9KQfmsz3ZMvuUp01gs4qLXE/s1893/Holbrook+long+view+down+to+wetland+9-27-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1420" data-original-width="1893" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTgGGE0b-Cmt9QxOhnUdLqdo-8fBEL_NI7UNdAPDTbCSuSBGV_4mkqOQNhTi9d56_ZxM2nm1mRlSpxikbLXkfmsubKeggBx5S-zc-7Jr6m8Tvejry7mMLK9KQfmsz3ZMvuUp01gs4qLXE/w640-h480/Holbrook+long+view+down+to+wetland+9-27-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I’m going to close my 2020 series of Listening in Nature
posts with stories, photos, and recordings from my four-month field research
project for the Geauga (County) Park District. Field research is typically
immersive and richly rewarding for me. In this COVID year, my two places of safety and refuge were my home and the parks I studied. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">This was the first year since 2012 that I’d spent my summer
and fall studying singing insects for the Geauga Park District (GPD). I’ve surveyed
crickets and katydids in all the counties in the extended Cleveland region of
NE Ohio and created an <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/" target="_blank">online field guide</a> for the seven-county area. But it was in
Geauga County’s parks that I began my initial field study and research in 2008 and
did multiple research projects between 2009 and 2012. Not surprisingly, the
Geauga Park District feels like home. In a sense, it’s where I went to school when I was learning how to find, record, and identify singing insects.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">For 2020, I created a research proposal that would document the
species in each of four parks and park properties and how each location supported
singing insect communities. I chose Holbrook Hollows in the southwest corner,
Chickagami Park in the southeast corner, and both Observatory Park and an
additional park property to represent the northeast. <span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span> </span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn3ZhI2TkkupRWdKGeSnlpaqwYY8XIu016NOe90-xJH0ImelrVxM90FbRWIpqeLXgx326_czNfTsecPkXxU8J_A97RZuOxUK2gj43BtACxWkZrtP-N-_8TT-g4sjCVdauWCA4K6NX3-rM/s669/Survey+locations+GPD+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="606" data-original-width="669" height="581" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn3ZhI2TkkupRWdKGeSnlpaqwYY8XIu016NOe90-xJH0ImelrVxM90FbRWIpqeLXgx326_czNfTsecPkXxU8J_A97RZuOxUK2gj43BtACxWkZrtP-N-_8TT-g4sjCVdauWCA4K6NX3-rM/w640-h581/Survey+locations+GPD+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM04HkC0CxZ4vfaIRTXfC3GnPA4mpVAlqerLQxZ-sl-Mtb6sWsnCuKk4yfBa5fM52gldcIIXyfoaFQyZSHIeVrX3PKSqUYSvODDObfdN8wiPErtDR4Vzt0BG7b8zPYnAqviaeurhwzdZc/s2016/Staples+Meadows+front+pond+6-14-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM04HkC0CxZ4vfaIRTXfC3GnPA4mpVAlqerLQxZ-sl-Mtb6sWsnCuKk4yfBa5fM52gldcIIXyfoaFQyZSHIeVrX3PKSqUYSvODDObfdN8wiPErtDR4Vzt0BG7b8zPYnAqviaeurhwzdZc/w640-h480/Staples+Meadows+front+pond+6-14-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></p><p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">In addition to four separate locations, I imagined weaving
all that data into a larger four-movement work that would compare species
prevalence and range expansion between the southwest, southeast, and northeast
corners of the county. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXizyveOv-J5xVueXM2FESFNLapx_XOtzUp2vI6-YwihlhNbDR9vQ5JQaMeqozg2-64KFe94oLFnmeRTWIKeIb6ITzhckTj88XLRVt1NNLWIyixIuVNPClCKr8tbIgDRWesteJrBYmWto/s1883/Chickagami+down+to+the+headwaters+6-17-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1411" data-original-width="1883" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXizyveOv-J5xVueXM2FESFNLapx_XOtzUp2vI6-YwihlhNbDR9vQ5JQaMeqozg2-64KFe94oLFnmeRTWIKeIb6ITzhckTj88XLRVt1NNLWIyixIuVNPClCKr8tbIgDRWesteJrBYmWto/w640-h480/Chickagami+down+to+the+headwaters+6-17-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">It was an ambitious – and irresistibly fascinating - plan. I
would be looking and listening for possible answers to the following questions that intrigued me:<br /></span></span></p><p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Which species are becoming established in Geauga County as
they move northward into this region? </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Do any parts of Geauga County still sound as they
would have ten years ago because the northward species had not reached there yet?</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Which properties have both Black-horned Tree Crickets
and the look-alike Forbes’s Tree Crickets? I’ve been studying these two species for the past several
years and Geauga is one of the NE Ohio counties in the species’ overlap zone.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I created this plan before COVID arrived in Ohio and
submitted my proposal just a couple of weeks after all conservatory classroom
teaching was moved online. Faculty and staff had just a few days to do what we
could to prepare. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">During the same time, virtually all of my upcoming naturalist
teaching for the entire year was canceled.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">But the grant was approved, and pandemic precautions would
not limit my ability to pursue my field research</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I was deeply anxious and worried about COVID, but also
relieved that my survey would take me to the safety of the meadows, woods, and
wetlands. I was primarily out after dark, as that’s when most crickets and
katydids sing during the months of July and August. Because I was often in
areas closed to the public or off trail, social distancing was not an issue. I
always had a mask available should I encounter any humans. Travel
was reasonable, as all of my research sites were within an hour of home.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwL0cM2KSvnySVqEtkMzgzQSqhGEwAsRx5xhmoYeZBh0RM4hXEjrMzzLv1azODUD01i7wyltjRin4adeYEkbgGBu203O602pxqqN8RsKWiSDEwms65aVbczzEylyPAH6tVRnmjux2Kj6I/s1850/Rainsong+Access+by+Permit+Only+7-17-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1645" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwL0cM2KSvnySVqEtkMzgzQSqhGEwAsRx5xhmoYeZBh0RM4hXEjrMzzLv1azODUD01i7wyltjRin4adeYEkbgGBu203O602pxqqN8RsKWiSDEwms65aVbczzEylyPAH6tVRnmjux2Kj6I/w356-h400/Rainsong+Access+by+Permit+Only+7-17-20.jpg" width="356" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">The prelude to the singing insect season began in late May
and early June. I expected <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/spring-field-cricket" target="_blank">Spring Field Crickets</a> in scattered locations but did
not know whether I’d find <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/spring-trig" target="_blank">Spring Trigs</a> anywhere in my Geauga survey sites. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">During my 2012 survey in Frohring Meadows (southwest Geauga County) I remembered
hearing one or two individual early-season mystery singers. I had no idea at
the time who these crickets might be, as Spring Trigs simply weren’t even a
consideration for NE Ohio. But Spring Trigs have been steadily, decisively moving
north, so perhaps more pioneers were now entering Geauga County. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVnvL_he7we0G0ECPPhAk4M_8SQZCghflYkC5pVG4k2aEPxCIB-VcT-ejFP3vH9W24ObgshGOVAZflAzVg31HCBwl-5d6XMOWo_pHOQ5iWSydFGS8Sr2apAm6AeaRpvbTfU5DJs2rawlo/s601/Ohio+snowbelt+Wikipedia.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="478" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVnvL_he7we0G0ECPPhAk4M_8SQZCghflYkC5pVG4k2aEPxCIB-VcT-ejFP3vH9W24ObgshGOVAZflAzVg31HCBwl-5d6XMOWo_pHOQ5iWSydFGS8Sr2apAm6AeaRpvbTfU5DJs2rawlo/w319-h400/Ohio+snowbelt+Wikipedia.jpg" width="319" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>This is the NE Ohio snowbelt - the final frontier for southern and central Ohio cricket and katydid species that are moving north. (Map from Wikipedia)</i></span><br /></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">When I initially checked Holbrook Hollows in mid-June, Spring
Trigs were cheerfully singing in the warm afternoon sun! With each passing
week, their numbers and locations increased. I ultimately found them at all four properties, though they were far more abundant at Holbrook Hollows in the southwest corner of Geauga.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961334689&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/spring-trigs-holbrook-hollows" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Spring Trigs Holbrook Hollows">Spring Trigs Holbrook Hollows</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">The <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/roesel-s-katydid" target="_blank">Roesel’s Katydid</a> is a non-native, though non-invasive, species
I generally find in the northeast corner of my northeast Ohio region. They
were introduced from Europe to the Montreal area in 1952 and subsequently moved
west from their initial introduction to the Chicago area and now into Wisconsin
and eastern Iowa, according to <a href="https://www.orthsoc.org/sina/301a.htm" target="_blank">Singing Insects of North America</a>. Where did I
find them this year? As expected, in the northeast corner of Geauga County.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUDdCO8W1_WgZVDrph2Kt-mRviRUCNZePjEUpBry7KnM5DwawDbjyezg1LLKQusEU4FkION_LuKNkjFzFOaJ6bLjPry2abrRGGx-U1ZS_FATaP8A5zNorhSvtlT_9ixRZm77UBB0fDS_M/s1850/Roesel%2527s+male+in+Queen+Anne%2527s+lace+Staples+Meadows2+8-8-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1401" data-original-width="1850" height="485" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUDdCO8W1_WgZVDrph2Kt-mRviRUCNZePjEUpBry7KnM5DwawDbjyezg1LLKQusEU4FkION_LuKNkjFzFOaJ6bLjPry2abrRGGx-U1ZS_FATaP8A5zNorhSvtlT_9ixRZm77UBB0fDS_M/w640-h485/Roesel%2527s+male+in+Queen+Anne%2527s+lace+Staples+Meadows2+8-8-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span><br /></div><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961348546&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">The end of June and first week of July presented the first
major proclamation of singing insect season’s arrival: <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/gladiator-meadow-katydid" target="_blank">Gladiator Meadow Katydids</a> at the end of June...</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg0YvJMw14U0RMCRlXcvFxgCvHl_JZ4ciTO2Fh8UciJzfOb-Ml1GnM5T0Ucf3FDvvN2-t25fmD9TX-JzHcJ9WoiP_J6hao7LqgVXdArWts_HZBUk813pvFJNFrJQY8_Udt7QtZXA4bmuk/s1511/Gladiator+Meadow+Katydid+singing2+Chickagami+wetland+7-21-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1511" data-original-width="1400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg0YvJMw14U0RMCRlXcvFxgCvHl_JZ4ciTO2Fh8UciJzfOb-Ml1GnM5T0Ucf3FDvvN2-t25fmD9TX-JzHcJ9WoiP_J6hao7LqgVXdArWts_HZBUk813pvFJNFrJQY8_Udt7QtZXA4bmuk/w592-h640/Gladiator+Meadow+Katydid+singing2+Chickagami+wetland+7-21-20R.JPG" width="592" /></a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> and <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/broad-winged-bush-katydid" target="_blank">Broad-winged Bush Katydids</a> a week later. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXaNGC6zTSe5xs8HY6mgZwYmadnRCnRwkMKzTN7Qzy7wTbGxgNLOR2Z2-h1whTvTsjFxgrR8zVzS7w1A2ro0NzJKVrZE-rtZBFBoZx3i_NfjZIKsO-SqVEaJp8jBcjIOEg7IOyCeMD7vA/s1573/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+female2+Staples+7-20-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1300" data-original-width="1573" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXaNGC6zTSe5xs8HY6mgZwYmadnRCnRwkMKzTN7Qzy7wTbGxgNLOR2Z2-h1whTvTsjFxgrR8zVzS7w1A2ro0NzJKVrZE-rtZBFBoZx3i_NfjZIKsO-SqVEaJp8jBcjIOEg7IOyCeMD7vA/w640-h528/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+female2+Staples+7-20-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">The
most impressive numbers were at a GPD permit-only property in the northeast corner of the
county. I have never heard or seen so many of these two species anywhere. (You can read more about these Gladiators and Broad-winged Bush Katydids in my July post, <a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2020/07/worriedor-impatient.html" target="_blank">Worried...or Impatient?</a>)</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">By the third week of July, it was obvious this would be an
outstanding season for one of my favorite katydid species: the <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/oblong-winged-katydid" target="_blank">Oblong-winged Katydid</a>. Though more common some years than others, they were ridiculously
abundant in all corners of Geauga County in 2020</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7HCVtmsw69XxF_GbaX_eHfaUF2S320q9yfgRxoRMdoP3lBFGoA_xtWHrfgY0wwaIsXEvPZi5uvwsgpvrIXpfkSl_axO_jyntgWHPwYltFPWVJO8lr-PfF5e_rUlKbJgh0vM6tdsDelsY/s1600/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+Observatory+7-30-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1222" data-original-width="1600" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7HCVtmsw69XxF_GbaX_eHfaUF2S320q9yfgRxoRMdoP3lBFGoA_xtWHrfgY0wwaIsXEvPZi5uvwsgpvrIXpfkSl_axO_jyntgWHPwYltFPWVJO8lr-PfF5e_rUlKbJgh0vM6tdsDelsY/w640-h488/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+Observatory+7-30-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: large;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961382413&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gladiator-and-broad-winged-then-oblong-winged-katydids-ne-geauga-county" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gladiator And Broad - Winged Then Oblong - Winged Katydids NE Geauga County">Gladiator And Broad - Winged Then Oblong - Winged Katydids NE Geauga County</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Late July and early August brought the annual explosion of
tree cricket song in the meadows and woodland edges. Ground crickets and Fall Field Crickets were the continuo section providing the sonic foundation, and
July’s katydids continued singing<span> </span>even
as new sections of the insect ensemble joined them onstage. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961462561&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipnKl8UUUgy_rSmwo92XxF4PETCk5xvN-1R3T2sDZCQywNRy1OujH9p-oMR-YaJZ7pzJldiaQEXgWnX0wde2-Ro0UyqMbZW8JmX7AHc1pFz1ND-BIo4r4GbfGeUNoHkVBbz_DEO29LPqQ/s1800/Striped+Ground+Cricket+on+timothy+stems+shows+his+stripes+Observatory+8-15-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="1670" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipnKl8UUUgy_rSmwo92XxF4PETCk5xvN-1R3T2sDZCQywNRy1OujH9p-oMR-YaJZ7pzJldiaQEXgWnX0wde2-Ro0UyqMbZW8JmX7AHc1pFz1ND-BIo4r4GbfGeUNoHkVBbz_DEO29LPqQ/w371-h400/Striped+Ground+Cricket+on+timothy+stems+shows+his+stripes+Observatory+8-15-20.JPG" width="371" /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Striped Ground Cricket, Observatory Park. </i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>This little beauty is actually only about 1/2" in size.<br /></i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></span></span><br /></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I was immersed in
sound and in moonlight, distant lightning, and even the aftermath of showers dripping
from the leaves into the musical texture of my recordings.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiojT9zDCjWyx_f9pZRthIaMqT8NfFQDCHS2OmnzRZGAN4zfIbVTcRpjbo_o0bMetkUfKHgdcgiyPSD3wRFV9jYlfBJVY-gz-1xfXxiVcWDQbsTMikTYSasWFmhhyphenhyphenSrq9ud-bqnfae4aG4/s1700/Two-spotted+TC+male2+Chickagami+8-24-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="1320" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiojT9zDCjWyx_f9pZRthIaMqT8NfFQDCHS2OmnzRZGAN4zfIbVTcRpjbo_o0bMetkUfKHgdcgiyPSD3wRFV9jYlfBJVY-gz-1xfXxiVcWDQbsTMikTYSasWFmhhyphenhyphenSrq9ud-bqnfae4aG4/w496-h640/Two-spotted+TC+male2+Chickagami+8-24-20R.JPG" width="496" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Two-spotted Tree Cricket (male) In the recording below, you'll hear first a Narrow-winged Tree Cricket, then a Two-spotted Tree Cricket. You may be able to hear rainwater dripping off the leaves of their river birch. Photo and recording from Chickagami Park. </i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961480765&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/narrow-winged-tree-crickets-two-spotted-tree-cricket-and-dripping-leaves" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Narrow - Winged Tree Crickets, Two - Spotted Tree Cricket, And Dripping Leaves">Narrow - Winged Tree Crickets, Two - Spotted Tree Cricket, And Dripping Leaves</a></div></i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUR04KlGmK1SHV0UEiYlTK89OuTdKSUi4FNfqvtozz2Ch0myFqZwGdwyuis6T_V9hZqdJFqOrYiTZw7PImJZSZUvh0prvCfUODwv0sa_b4oXrU6Rz9J7gNmnzd5CES3jgHDRa6rKF2l-k/s2016/IMG_3871.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUR04KlGmK1SHV0UEiYlTK89OuTdKSUi4FNfqvtozz2Ch0myFqZwGdwyuis6T_V9hZqdJFqOrYiTZw7PImJZSZUvh0prvCfUODwv0sa_b4oXrU6Rz9J7gNmnzd5CES3jgHDRa6rKF2l-k/w480-h640/IMG_3871.jpg" width="480" /></a></span></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Holbrook Hollows boardwalk, 8/2/20 (above). Curve-tailed Bush Katydids and Oblong-winged Katydids were singing, and this Curve-tailed pair was in the process of mating. </i></span><br /></span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH1677DZ8JX1aqFXfJe0-WRczlx1F7MGe5-lPUqIrzDJZ6VIdVuClkDNsZXEjvBZbwNfHHGxx8KYmaqgdINnB1hAnLggnIOCBQglp30kE9I5iDb4bPbizOJ49J4vQYMvTHVhc_Yaf1yyo/s1850/Curve-tailed+Bush+Katydids+mating+closer+Holbrook+Hollows+7-31-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1613" data-original-width="1850" height="558" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH1677DZ8JX1aqFXfJe0-WRczlx1F7MGe5-lPUqIrzDJZ6VIdVuClkDNsZXEjvBZbwNfHHGxx8KYmaqgdINnB1hAnLggnIOCBQglp30kE9I5iDb4bPbizOJ49J4vQYMvTHVhc_Yaf1yyo/w640-h558/Curve-tailed+Bush+Katydids+mating+closer+Holbrook+Hollows+7-31-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">There was an obvious difference in insect song between the parks. Except for a few scattered Spring Trigs, I didn’t hear northbound
crickets and katydids in the northeast corner of the county. When I would arrive
at Observatory Park and the other nearby GPD property, the ensemble sounded so
familiar. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">It was the sound of 2010 rather than 2020. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CYDUM00PaxDtN7PgdpildGj6-ETeVCxDhINIsYLmb8emJCB0udKh5k6pNfJcLl0gd4VBHZuCrTT_GR3LY-lWHGyq8UgKGbQSlG5G__qkkXGfkx_0Z_KJ5UIZsnBS-jra5Vx34RHsZZ8/s1850/Narrow-winged+Tree+Crickets+mating+Staples+8-26-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1251" data-original-width="1850" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-CYDUM00PaxDtN7PgdpildGj6-ETeVCxDhINIsYLmb8emJCB0udKh5k6pNfJcLl0gd4VBHZuCrTT_GR3LY-lWHGyq8UgKGbQSlG5G__qkkXGfkx_0Z_KJ5UIZsnBS-jra5Vx34RHsZZ8/w640-h432/Narrow-winged+Tree+Crickets+mating+Staples+8-26-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Two Narrow-winged Tree Crickets mating while a third sings hopefully right above them. NE Geauga County. The recording below is his picture.<br /></i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961470100&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/narrow-winged-tree-cricket-singing-above-a-mating-pair" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Narrow - Winged Tree Cricket Singing Above a Mating Pair">Narrow - Winged Tree Cricket Singing Above a Mating Pair</a></div> </i></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3plA9cZH2n_m7kOWMhDD8da2564SkCZLH7V44kcr0XKF_huN72KekIB_Rb5HrBgvuN-_9uC3Q8evGrzOdW2WQ_6I_0gkaiS8-2lkuC7fax3rge9q2LQ0nrV__i8TNhSknSEtWF9Op7gM/s1850/Narrow-winged+Tree+Cricket+singing+at+Staples+Meadows+8-26-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1328" data-original-width="1850" height="460" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3plA9cZH2n_m7kOWMhDD8da2564SkCZLH7V44kcr0XKF_huN72KekIB_Rb5HrBgvuN-_9uC3Q8evGrzOdW2WQ_6I_0gkaiS8-2lkuC7fax3rge9q2LQ0nrV__i8TNhSknSEtWF9Op7gM/w640-h460/Narrow-winged+Tree+Cricket+singing+at+Staples+Meadows+8-26-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">There were no Handsome Trigs, no Jumping Bush Crickets, no Round-tipped Coneheads…were they going to mature late up there, or had they yet to
arrive at all?</span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">August is always the most joyful month of my year. All the remaining
crickets and katydids mature within that month until the full insect ensemble
performs its orchestral tutti. Later August also brings glorious beauty to the
meadows: goldenrods, asters, Joe-pye weed, ironweed, and various tall, yellow
composites whose names I have yet to keep straight. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiZnD79abn7gY53mCT7hpbNWiNvApt9gLpPMGffyPiPsvPNfUcoN-7CuE7kAhjUpTDdfujrDpL9hHGSsOl40lYE1UP3Gm4i3AIs2m6xXDfUnlM-uOGx_VRiZJshb7GMVNvmNPvXfzNFuU/s2016/Observatory+Planetary+Meadow+8-26-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiZnD79abn7gY53mCT7hpbNWiNvApt9gLpPMGffyPiPsvPNfUcoN-7CuE7kAhjUpTDdfujrDpL9hHGSsOl40lYE1UP3Gm4i3AIs2m6xXDfUnlM-uOGx_VRiZJshb7GMVNvmNPvXfzNFuU/w640-h480/Observatory+Planetary+Meadow+8-26-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Observatory Park's "Planetary Meadow"</i></span></span></span><br /></div></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">But August’s progression also brought the beginning of teaching
all my daily music theory classes remotely from home. Late nights in the field were
followed by early mornings teaching from a small room in our little bungalow.
March and April felt like getting through a short-term crisis, but now I was
teaching an entire semester of material online without the space and resources
of my classroom. </span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi05rNLN6cWJXby0qwxp7yi93_iBZm6vmVxy-rjSyRZqJHB_MIkRHSThn7dNzXeu72CVeIW79Re-347wTA4O6Z19TdNch-cLf4CvtkQsHF7NwO8xtHVUwIZznKRJHDdsMbVcAniYr_6puY/s1957/Nikos+is+ready+to++help+with+finals+11-18-20+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1422" data-original-width="1957" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi05rNLN6cWJXby0qwxp7yi93_iBZm6vmVxy-rjSyRZqJHB_MIkRHSThn7dNzXeu72CVeIW79Re-347wTA4O6Z19TdNch-cLf4CvtkQsHF7NwO8xtHVUwIZznKRJHDdsMbVcAniYr_6puY/w640-h466/Nikos+is+ready+to++help+with+finals+11-18-20+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I still had several weeks remaining for the survey. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I tried to keep remote teaching, increasing COVID anxiety,
and my fieldwork as separate as I could. At times, I succeeded in focusing on how fortunate I was to teach safely from home and also do research safely distanced
in the field. But I couldn’t keep up with the work and still edit or even label
my photos and field recordings. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Academic calendars do not wait, nor does
Nature. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">In the southern part of the county, Jumping Bush Crickets
and Handsome Trigs were abundant throughout Holbrook Hollows. What a contrast
to the first little cluster of <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/handsome-trig" target="_blank">Handsome Trigs </a>that began to colonize nearby
Frohring Meadows just over ten years earlier! </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjePRk17V9s0hwniUcEOZEZTxDwQfrkfGw9W2ryNVvStXrf2-x57nxmTgwq8QABZAoEjCgAh6iQcsNDPe3gZRmy7nm1RMcfgSMTJa3pFetb3nrYjQWL_0cY-jWIT_2YMviBZOvDsUGoeY0/s1024/Handsome+Trig+female+in+my+hand12+Frohring+9-11-12.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="801" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjePRk17V9s0hwniUcEOZEZTxDwQfrkfGw9W2ryNVvStXrf2-x57nxmTgwq8QABZAoEjCgAh6iQcsNDPe3gZRmy7nm1RMcfgSMTJa3pFetb3nrYjQWL_0cY-jWIT_2YMviBZOvDsUGoeY0/w313-h400/Handsome+Trig+female+in+my+hand12+Frohring+9-11-12.JPG" width="313" /></a></i></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Female Handsome Trig, Frohring Meadows, SW Geauga County, 2012</i></span><br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> I’d only found <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/jumping-bush-cricket" target="_blank">Jumping Bush Crickets</a> in one location on the border of Frohring in 2012, but now they were a
significant part of the August and September ensembles both at Frohring and at
Holbrook Hollows.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjakiOrJjLFn6HjCKhJqL7KuDuoVOe0IVATCdOoG_kgkz28a5p6XVNWGjuplRxSl-oMjAikD36UlD-NfG5BMbc0CdKdBYdJuLWG_RfLWhpB5BECYZwMwvN4fDddXGIyitMGtS65ujdhIXw/s1800/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+from+Holbrook+2020.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1472" data-original-width="1800" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjakiOrJjLFn6HjCKhJqL7KuDuoVOe0IVATCdOoG_kgkz28a5p6XVNWGjuplRxSl-oMjAikD36UlD-NfG5BMbc0CdKdBYdJuLWG_RfLWhpB5BECYZwMwvN4fDddXGIyitMGtS65ujdhIXw/w640-h524/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+from+Holbrook+2020.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>I found this Jumping Bush Cricket singing under some peeling sycamore bark in the Holbrook Hollows parking lot. I brought him home and set him up in a leaf and twig-filled mesh cage the suited him quite well. See "<a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2020/12/crickets-and-katydids-in-house-2020.html" target="_blank">Crickets - and Katydids - in the House 2020"</a></i></span></span></span><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/round-tipped-conehead" target="_blank">Round-tipped Coneheads</a> had already rapidly established their presence
at Frohring even in 2012 and their penetrating buzzing was mixed into the sound
texture of Holbrook Hollows as well. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJUNJzjLvi7RC8QTPEe5JDM53pE-_arrbA-eS_FbkVpNk2eoryg0YW-uIYKJET_S5eGbcESTZq0Gb_DKFjmQrymwcbcEKq7E_JjgGRV7BavAgBp1TFHL-_VGzlQ6v62i7RBg3di1kwz0/s612/screenshot.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="152" data-original-width="612" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJUNJzjLvi7RC8QTPEe5JDM53pE-_arrbA-eS_FbkVpNk2eoryg0YW-uIYKJET_S5eGbcESTZq0Gb_DKFjmQrymwcbcEKq7E_JjgGRV7BavAgBp1TFHL-_VGzlQ6v62i7RBg3di1kwz0/w640-h158/screenshot.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Handsome Trigs, Jumping Bush Cricket, and Round-tipped Conehead at Holbrook Hollows </i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961495162&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/handsome-trigs-then-jumping-bush-cricket-round-tipped-conehead-holbrook-hollows" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Handsome Trigs Then Jumping Bush Cricket Round - Tipped Conehead Holbrook Hollows">Handsome Trigs Then Jumping Bush Cricket Round - Tipped Conehead Holbrook Hollows</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Southwest Geauga County’s parks sounded like Portage and
Summit Counties to their south </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-_yR_rvOHsOgqFifSeLn-uHFFXiieGXLTysbbqLUEeTP8J-SVKUCa8k_e7XzQad_PBJNcvV97nRsbNXXVGZHyMzI-Gg_s9grTd_NHcCTz1WMXQLXb0A6mtCXJLG12JvVPVKCcQ6hBpiA/s400/NE+Ohio+counties+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="362" data-original-width="400" height="363" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-_yR_rvOHsOgqFifSeLn-uHFFXiieGXLTysbbqLUEeTP8J-SVKUCa8k_e7XzQad_PBJNcvV97nRsbNXXVGZHyMzI-Gg_s9grTd_NHcCTz1WMXQLXb0A6mtCXJLG12JvVPVKCcQ6hBpiA/w400-h363/NE+Ohio+counties+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">While in lesser numbers at Chickagami in southeast Geauga, these species
were not part of the soundscape in the northeast at all. Their songs were more
common even along the lake shore in Lake County than inland. Lake Erie's waters keep those areas
warmer in the late fall, so singing insect may have more time to complete their life cycle. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">The northeast Geauga snowbelt still sounded like…the
snowbelt.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Only later in the fall did I hear a few pockets of Handsome
Trigs and a couple of <span> </span>Jumping Bush
Crickets and Round-tipped Coneheads. Driving from Holbrook Hollows to
Observatory Park sounded as if I’d gone back ten years in time.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-XWN4IRkEFKfecE238UBtyCT0Emz1dTyLgZQ4tiY8ifFV7y5ognT37uuYdgQ6L_FFn_QOlyQ6Qyvr-ZNrhVu-tfHfQLUwl6Z8crgzTjePnheFztfDXtHRJCbh7O3pARwaelevemiVPQ/s2016/Observatory+Planetary+Meadow+9-26-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjV-XWN4IRkEFKfecE238UBtyCT0Emz1dTyLgZQ4tiY8ifFV7y5ognT37uuYdgQ6L_FFn_QOlyQ6Qyvr-ZNrhVu-tfHfQLUwl6Z8crgzTjePnheFztfDXtHRJCbh7O3pARwaelevemiVPQ/w640-h480/Observatory+Planetary+Meadow+9-26-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Observatory Park's Planetary Meadow in late September.</i></span></span></span><br /></div></div><div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Time was short now, as nights were getting too cold for
insect song. I still needed to record the crickets whose species I could only determine
by analysis of their songs: the <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/forbes-s-tree-cricket" target="_blank">Forbes’s Tree Crickets</a> and if present, the look-alike
<a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/black-horned-tree-cricket" target="_blank">Black-horned Tree Crickets</a>. I’d recorded about 30 of them at Observatory Park
the previous year and now hoped for a reasonable sampling from Holbrook Hollows.
Wetland restoration work was already beginning at the park property near
Observatory, but maybe I could still manage to make some recordings there as well. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghKni_WobD_Uh-AVllM8uhD5riTRPi5Q_BiHUSJFY5XTRLBIx0TZvygR_5WTJpjWXzgPPEUxT_CHPa3cw8w0OCH3qF1Jmgizc5Qp6v4RCQq3yOLH1uqWCNJCNHVQedin9PryNEvnyafNo/s2024/Black-hornedForbes+FOY+Holbrook2+8-14-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="2024" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghKni_WobD_Uh-AVllM8uhD5riTRPi5Q_BiHUSJFY5XTRLBIx0TZvygR_5WTJpjWXzgPPEUxT_CHPa3cw8w0OCH3qF1Jmgizc5Qp6v4RCQq3yOLH1uqWCNJCNHVQedin9PryNEvnyafNo/w640-h284/Black-hornedForbes+FOY+Holbrook2+8-14-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>He was singing at Holbrook Hollows, but was he a Forbes's Tree Cricket,, or a Black-horned Tree Cricket? It's not possible to tell without a song analysis by temperature and wing strokes per second.</i></span><br /></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-size: large;"></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Field recordings from Holbrook necessitated bushwhacking
through very dense, tall goldenrod mixed with blackberry, scattered saplings,
and shrubs such as red osier dogwood on a slope dropping down toward a wetland. </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">My
additional Holbrook site was in a power line corridor that also featured blackberry
and tall goldenrod. <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDwcFBUchvcoVqccpUI7DoBYvhUIP91J-VXSCnd6OvWxIcBGsac9fXhf-Bvg-nDv6iOCI57XCcZK6JafMybJf042pJfEugPNUQlMSVL8tdTe8maOs1sRw8XbGQiF9LveoO2266gT6ZRdA/s1997/Holbrook+view+down+to+the+wetland1+9-27-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1396" data-original-width="1997" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDwcFBUchvcoVqccpUI7DoBYvhUIP91J-VXSCnd6OvWxIcBGsac9fXhf-Bvg-nDv6iOCI57XCcZK6JafMybJf042pJfEugPNUQlMSVL8tdTe8maOs1sRw8XbGQiF9LveoO2266gT6ZRdA/w640-h448/Holbrook+view+down+to+the+wetland1+9-27-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">I managed to safely negotiate both locations and even
brought home two crickets I thought sounded a little different from each other.
In addition, I also brought home two more crickets from the northeast Geauga property–
a quick catch before rain threatened to drench my recording equipment. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Once I could record and analyze their songs from home, I
confirmed that I had a Forbes’s and a Black-horned Tree Cricket from each of
those two sites. Both species are definitely present in northeast and southwest Geauga
County. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH17EPjvEa-R9pL6zwG0oYirAyg4Y3UWXlLOnC8aSRfa8oF2Y1TwFT0kqcixyXxiMpnYA-72rarKGplqxOtS9wUX09A7FnTv4NHXoGOY3EiXOwF7jprDFAb8J9qRjyQP7_s8uCsEj2bP8/s1850/Black-horned+from+Staples%25601+9-12-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1492" data-original-width="1850" height="517" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH17EPjvEa-R9pL6zwG0oYirAyg4Y3UWXlLOnC8aSRfa8oF2Y1TwFT0kqcixyXxiMpnYA-72rarKGplqxOtS9wUX09A7FnTv4NHXoGOY3EiXOwF7jprDFAb8J9qRjyQP7_s8uCsEj2bP8/w640-h517/Black-horned+from+Staples%25601+9-12-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Black-horned Tree Cricket in the recording below. He is followed by a Forbes's Tree Cricket, and you may also hear a Black-legged Meadow Katydid in the background</i></span><br /></div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/961332052&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-horned-tree-cricket-then-forbess-tree-cricket-at-same-temperature" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black - Horned Tree Cricket then Forbes's Tree Cricket at same temperature">Black - Horned Tree Cricket then Forbes's Tree Cricket at same temperature</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">A cold spell in September greatly diminished singing insect
numbers a little earlier than I would have expected, and by early October I had
to acknowledge that the survey was essentially over. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">As I do every year, I spent the next month close to Lake
Erie’s relatively warm waters that delay a singing insect-killing freeze near
the lakeshore. It was the annual postlude that concluded with just the singing
insects I had been able to catch and bring home to finish their final
performances next to the south windows of the dining room by day and near the heat
vents at night. I listened to them every afternoon and evening as I graded
assignments and prepared exams. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">Finally in late November and December I could edit the
photos and field recordings that documented not only the singing insects but
everything I’d seen, heard, and absorbed in those four months. As in previous years,
I came to love the places I studied in such detail and so deeply appreciated
what they revealed, shared, and taught me. This year, they also kept me safe,
emotionally nourished, and grounded as only nature can.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span face=""Arial", sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpetIqBpsW3acWWobhKF6JGveWSHEyVtI279UgyC1XVEbdWSuSEZEePqR9vqfko0O42KiNDSQjCq_oduyszvrmEmjbWz646DlxKJ-kedWu0WL7H3JragAjw98PIHlqsDdS2-72xU5cmow/s2016/Chickagami+wetland+with+Lisa+8-30-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpetIqBpsW3acWWobhKF6JGveWSHEyVtI279UgyC1XVEbdWSuSEZEePqR9vqfko0O42KiNDSQjCq_oduyszvrmEmjbWz646DlxKJ-kedWu0WL7H3JragAjw98PIHlqsDdS2-72xU5cmow/w480-h640/Chickagami+wetland+with+Lisa+8-30-20.jpg" width="480" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"> <i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">If you’d like to read my final illustrated report, it will
be available in the future on my website (<a href="https://www.listeninginnature.com/">https:listeninginnature.com</a>) </span></span></i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">In addition, I'll be doing a presentation on my 2020
research for the Geauga Park District that will be free and open to the public
(probably via Zoom), and I’ll announce the date once it’s been scheduled. It should also appear on the GPD website under "Programs and Events."<br /></span></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">If
COVID-19 permits, I also expect to co-lead a singing insect hike at one of the
survey sites in August. </span></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""Arial",sans-serif" style="line-height: 107%;">You can reach me by email at lisa.rainsong@listeninginnature.com <br /></span></span></i></span></p>
</div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-52872693144672897562020-12-18T22:14:00.004-05:002020-12-18T22:22:26.964-05:00Crickets - and Katydids - in the House 2020<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGDABdwLtmSM3YOkHbKot1PPsQbZpwpf9bWKZJ3yf3hSD4PgOFq-8D8-CYOnToiU-UiJlHNMqK7ExJQtmfF0z7KevmuPGBgL0o4McuV1zCE09yZV8N7Ws7_guTlIfomsOic1l-2AAuTyQ/s1759/Crickets+and+Nikos+in+the+sun+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1759" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGDABdwLtmSM3YOkHbKot1PPsQbZpwpf9bWKZJ3yf3hSD4PgOFq-8D8-CYOnToiU-UiJlHNMqK7ExJQtmfF0z7KevmuPGBgL0o4McuV1zCE09yZV8N7Ws7_guTlIfomsOic1l-2AAuTyQ/w550-h640/Crickets+and+Nikos+in+the+sun+2020.jpg" width="550" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</style>
<![endif]--></p><p>
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It’s time once
again for my annual “Crickets in the House” post. This year’s entry will
include information on cages, food, and behavior. There will be katydids as
well as crickets and I’ll also introduce a new feline assistant, as our beloved
Dmitri has passed on. My new assistant-in-training is Nikos, who appears to
have been dumped in the early days of the pandemic and ran up to my car begging
for help. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZiHtXxIU0b-9A0AFKiP1KYfMmz1rv98tC7NY83SIBqvjGz9_gHeuDazwdlpnv3Rmo1fvNDUTPknbzTtvfVokoKYbIiglhJVu6XT3E63DRVihhRnMv5ukyFJu13AII17iBI5Ji4nPFHOk/s1850/Nikos+is+learning+about+crickets+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1388" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZiHtXxIU0b-9A0AFKiP1KYfMmz1rv98tC7NY83SIBqvjGz9_gHeuDazwdlpnv3Rmo1fvNDUTPknbzTtvfVokoKYbIiglhJVu6XT3E63DRVihhRnMv5ukyFJu13AII17iBI5Ji4nPFHOk/w480-h640/Nikos+is+learning+about+crickets+2020.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='531' height='443' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwl3gHvIdIyDygh5PM8id0MSTfnnBmNM5Icc9wabsB9Bkhv8NhHtyB6CNptYKiM_SwnwejgjsV0AX19B7e4Ng' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /> <br /><p></p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I’ll start with
accommodations. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I began experimenting with mesh caterpillar/butterfly cages last
year and decided these were definitely my best option for tree crickets and
possibly katydids so far. I could hear the songs more clearly, ventilation was better
than in glass or plastic terrariums with screen lids, and the insects could
climb in every direction. Although I was concerned that the katydids might chew
through them, that was never a problem.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcfzSNFDlDBCzIMUtFaZ7Jfp1hIxiWZrLC9GxaFuQHZDRaME44aB_1v2_GUrzXIbrFaLTAqaPdIvQ4m8giU48Ym_CaHQLlue3EuCyjVHEqJQFWlxe693M_q_7geeIdFObjf-CVjtM_zEs/s1676/Katydids+in+the+study+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1461" data-original-width="1676" height="558" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcfzSNFDlDBCzIMUtFaZ7Jfp1hIxiWZrLC9GxaFuQHZDRaME44aB_1v2_GUrzXIbrFaLTAqaPdIvQ4m8giU48Ym_CaHQLlue3EuCyjVHEqJQFWlxe693M_q_7geeIdFObjf-CVjtM_zEs/w640-h558/Katydids+in+the+study+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I wrote about
the Rattler Round-winged Katydid and Oblong-winged Katydid that lived here in “<a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2020/09/amblycorypha-choristers.html" target="_blank">Amblycorypha Choristers</a>”<b> </b>and they both did very well in mesh butterfly cages with
ample plant material and food. They sang for hours at night in their peaceful room
apart from all the crickets that would later join the concert. By day, this was
the room from which I taught all my music theory classes remotely, due to the
pandemic. At night, I’d often sit in its one comfortable chair, quietly grading
assignments while listening to the soothing songs of the katydids</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">The ground
crickets lived in plastic cages with clumps of grass, some leaves and twigs,
and food at ground level. I learned last year that ground crickets strongly prefer
to have a small rock to sit above the grass and leaf litter. I’d noticed this
in the wild, especially for those in the <i>Allonemobius</i> genus such as the
Allard’s and Striped Ground Crickets. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHlmuBB7VGC9s7M7_Dj_RS25clLzyqxPIuc8uw5HclGI4K8-pv6j0G3RyzAeev-PgrDtQfIShkXYWvrIZOe2BQ-yLyH-JC4DNml82sWbXiOqoWUxOmiZw5HfIKzKLQxyXWKlFf6_ENnDs/s1024/IMG_3492.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHlmuBB7VGC9s7M7_Dj_RS25clLzyqxPIuc8uw5HclGI4K8-pv6j0G3RyzAeev-PgrDtQfIShkXYWvrIZOe2BQ-yLyH-JC4DNml82sWbXiOqoWUxOmiZw5HfIKzKLQxyXWKlFf6_ENnDs/w640-h426/IMG_3492.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Striped Ground Cricket singing from a small rock in his plastic terrarium </span></i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116771803&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></i></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">For the tree
crickets and the katydids, each mesh cage needs to have appropriate vegetation -
a requirement that becomes more challenging to fulfill in later November and
December. I placed a small vase or glass bottle with plant cuttings in each
cage, trying when possible to choose the plant species in which I typically find
these insects in the wild. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsx2PVKJEnAGrq_gjcU-jCFsFytqm2ZlYpYAGfJBKQzMYTj9KSfw32Yptu8hpVKbpaBQlYZIg5q8znRpS_raXMm8_W8wsYbm4-_X9Slx-bO86L9w06rQgfPm64-A06EBuuDN1qnQOBLy4/s1850/Nikos+eating+cricket+plants+in+vases+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1388" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsx2PVKJEnAGrq_gjcU-jCFsFytqm2ZlYpYAGfJBKQzMYTj9KSfw32Yptu8hpVKbpaBQlYZIg5q8znRpS_raXMm8_W8wsYbm4-_X9Slx-bO86L9w06rQgfPm64-A06EBuuDN1qnQOBLy4/w480-h640/Nikos+eating+cricket+plants+in+vases+2020.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">For example, Oblong-winged
and Rattler Round-winged Katydids will likely prefer a leafy understory environment.
Blackberry leaves work well for them with a few other plant cuttings added for
variety.</span><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Broad-winged Tree
Crickets want broad leaves from which to sing. Blackberry works well for singing perches. They also hide motionless on the
underside of such leaves as well. Since they are common in shrubs at the edge
of meadows, I include plants that replicate where I find them.<br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh21E0e7MtVtDgVe9jL4zCM6ue_Qh4n6LD-FXNKf8ZTCGfw3jMzQiXykEj2HCzilSmrbGngi7Lakqle0U3rCbeYxZrGtFAc1YE7hnsRXbBcElDvWv4WVgw-z0aoZB9mm8AZBLqFpT6Iiws/s1850/Broad-winged+TC+broad+wings+11-28-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1661" data-original-width="1850" height="574" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh21E0e7MtVtDgVe9jL4zCM6ue_Qh4n6LD-FXNKf8ZTCGfw3jMzQiXykEj2HCzilSmrbGngi7Lakqle0U3rCbeYxZrGtFAc1YE7hnsRXbBcElDvWv4WVgw-z0aoZB9mm8AZBLqFpT6Iiws/w640-h574/Broad-winged+TC+broad+wings+11-28-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> Broad-winged Tree Crickets are pale green earlier in the season, but tree crickets become increasingly yellowish when they're old. He's singing in blackberry.<br /></span></span></i></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw8g30dAJnBhz_tGOmdLDLGRgJhFb9kgZDs5LWAlwiWwJUDcjfxAl9QU5A1NTkHh2g4vWaMp1Q4BhfjYppagYyRzUrk0dCRY-q834sFQ3dvSIs0JmDKppxUC6M9mNouRnukjql8mNJHSQ/s1850/Broad.winged+TC+singing+in+house+closeup+11-28-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1318" data-original-width="1850" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw8g30dAJnBhz_tGOmdLDLGRgJhFb9kgZDs5LWAlwiWwJUDcjfxAl9QU5A1NTkHh2g4vWaMp1Q4BhfjYppagYyRzUrk0dCRY-q834sFQ3dvSIs0JmDKppxUC6M9mNouRnukjql8mNJHSQ/w640-h456/Broad.winged+TC+singing+in+house+closeup+11-28-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Forbes’s Tree
Crickets and </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Black-horned Tree Crickets (</span></span>their look-alike cousins), are
meadow dwellers and goldenrod is always popular with them. Both species are
pleased to have a little blackberry as well. However, Four-spotted Tree
Crickets – also meadow residents –have a definitely preference for asters, Queen Anne’s lace. and grasses with stems that make stable singing perches. <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEhMcdAR3z7SsUnLU54mrbhpwpue_DFaXT3EP4-_Ajn0VnrHADGf6tafIuFDtlxzX-dQC9Vb7ebox7qsyrkX1cMbTxe0m0NE6LXjeEUgxSv8MzYzW9AKhgHcnLvXSe6Le_qXDabf_2nM8/s1850/Black-horned+prob+with+pollen+9-27-20+poss+HolbrookR.JPG"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="1850" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEhMcdAR3z7SsUnLU54mrbhpwpue_DFaXT3EP4-_Ajn0VnrHADGf6tafIuFDtlxzX-dQC9Vb7ebox7qsyrkX1cMbTxe0m0NE6LXjeEUgxSv8MzYzW9AKhgHcnLvXSe6Le_qXDabf_2nM8/w640-h414/Black-horned+prob+with+pollen+9-27-20+poss+HolbrookR.JPG" width="640" /></a><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> </i></span></span></div><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Black-horned Tree Cricket on a blackberry leaf. Look closely - it appears that he may have goldenrod pollen on his legs and antennae from walking through the goldenrod in his cage.</i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i></i></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX9N5-tBjFb7cEN9abv8stqmnvxU8Rp9OAeEOnuWk1yy7eySoc94FPNwEbPBph8uV_DRbYKQM1fnef8Bzs4gCSIhZa9uE7FUbTTp8uSV-iQjNlPutWc4ZMWITM-sCTaxUkGMv3qMTcu2U/s1850/Black-horned+prob+with+pollen+9-27-20+%25282%2529+poss+HolbrookR.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1406" data-original-width="1850" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX9N5-tBjFb7cEN9abv8stqmnvxU8Rp9OAeEOnuWk1yy7eySoc94FPNwEbPBph8uV_DRbYKQM1fnef8Bzs4gCSIhZa9uE7FUbTTp8uSV-iQjNlPutWc4ZMWITM-sCTaxUkGMv3qMTcu2U/w640-h486/Black-horned+prob+with+pollen+9-27-20+%25282%2529+poss+HolbrookR.JPG" width="640" /></a></i></span></div><p><span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /></i></span><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jumping Bush
Crickets live in trees and bushes, where they're usually easy to hear, difficult
to see, and challenging to catch. I did manage to find one singing under a flaking piece of sycamore bark and brought him home. Would he be interested in goldenrod or asters? </span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Of course not! I
assembled a collection of sticks for him to climb on and added cuttings from
blackberry and our ubiquitous invasive buckthorn. He did indeed eat the
buckthorn leaves, and his preferred list also included cherry and viburnum. I don’t
think he ate any blackberry, but I kept a little in his cage as a place to hide
when he wanted some privacy. His cheerful-sounding chirps were quite loud for a small house, but we greatly enjoyed him.<br /></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieCZdCjWznRYw0hcHYnWi4fGYGc4EsB7DuaOA8O3sTRJIaThoXSK3pZ_9SsQaFD631uV1TD5FdH7S448tNnjS6sR20f2_79tiI_j1IVTnAz3CAdX4X_si1g9RYOiJI0iCIMUnx2uk4iW4/s1850/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+in+the+house+2020.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1513" data-original-width="1850" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieCZdCjWznRYw0hcHYnWi4fGYGc4EsB7DuaOA8O3sTRJIaThoXSK3pZ_9SsQaFD631uV1TD5FdH7S448tNnjS6sR20f2_79tiI_j1IVTnAz3CAdX4X_si1g9RYOiJI0iCIMUnx2uk4iW4/w640-h524/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+in+the+house+2020.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Jumping Bush Cricket in a mesh cage with blackberry and shrub cuttings and sticks on which to climb.</i></span></span><br /> <p></p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/367654724&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/jumping-bush-cricket" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Jumping Bush Cricket">Jumping Bush Cricket</a></div>
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Each of our two Black-legged
Meadow Katydids had his own personal cattail seed head still
on a portion of its stem. These katydids require somewhat tall, rather thick,
round stems from which to sing, so I also provided a couple portions of cattail
stems for singing perches. For an added wetland touch, each also had his own
bulrush seed head as well. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgov8CpHIeAaNYI8i8xPbl4hkyryv0oFUStPgaKG8WucinLB7dDeSluq8zPOFbe6Eoe4g6d8UPiXeZ3TAJxrtvhu6-Bu_pSN2pW0thMOBgrbi4BFLl0UvnUMO3r4Hih4xcKCT9bJm7V1dY/s1859/Example+of+cattail+and+bulrush+for+katydid+cage+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1859" data-original-width="967" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgov8CpHIeAaNYI8i8xPbl4hkyryv0oFUStPgaKG8WucinLB7dDeSluq8zPOFbe6Eoe4g6d8UPiXeZ3TAJxrtvhu6-Bu_pSN2pW0thMOBgrbi4BFLl0UvnUMO3r4Hih4xcKCT9bJm7V1dY/w237-h456/Example+of+cattail+and+bulrush+for+katydid+cage+2020.jpg" width="237" /></a></div><p> </p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGqgJ45W6g0pxi6uVp6iRinOcGjEhUsT21_GAcwhqtU0ZgiWUy-egdCNiyk6Y0Vj72QnmiU0EgDGp3F5q7-L6O6bRhF4vPbNd5tXBbboYQTdUNukTxVlLRlMTeBvjoDHv4N-k5Pg3dVU/s1850/Black-legged+MK+singing+from+cattail+in+houseR+12-5-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1290" data-original-width="1850" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGqgJ45W6g0pxi6uVp6iRinOcGjEhUsT21_GAcwhqtU0ZgiWUy-egdCNiyk6Y0Vj72QnmiU0EgDGp3F5q7-L6O6bRhF4vPbNd5tXBbboYQTdUNukTxVlLRlMTeBvjoDHv4N-k5Pg3dVU/w640-h446/Black-legged+MK+singing+from+cattail+in+houseR+12-5-20.JPG" width="640" /></a><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> In addition to singing from his cattail, he ate the seeds as well.</span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdsGbZRq9LdTeISm_9m5iUuGjXzoCkOJCNxKDdWU02EFJDjpTrTw0QZJ5-gWe3SIEl22iRltrOw51a7vaUxQ9wESVb6lZI4s3LlTUhiDbJODiB_hmbaVSvwuLEFWj5MquOianiDdosqn0/s1850/Black-legged+MK+eating+cattail+seeds2R+12-5-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1288" data-original-width="1850" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdsGbZRq9LdTeISm_9m5iUuGjXzoCkOJCNxKDdWU02EFJDjpTrTw0QZJ5-gWe3SIEl22iRltrOw51a7vaUxQ9wESVb6lZI4s3LlTUhiDbJODiB_hmbaVSvwuLEFWj5MquOianiDdosqn0/w640-h446/Black-legged+MK+eating+cattail+seeds2R+12-5-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1yGdwm1sx1NnJ_opRJFKJplLHYyImwdEA8XW9ic4_0OOo8ZQt6Md5lKLJms8Yh4G0VkuzMA8Y9pnYc-94IMs7GwTo8a0LPKplZUlUYOIfca51LY_Zw6gId1r9p8qMzSktAvlaC2LEWoQ/s1850/Black-legged+MK+eating+cattail+seeds3R+12-5-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1309" data-original-width="1850" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1yGdwm1sx1NnJ_opRJFKJplLHYyImwdEA8XW9ic4_0OOo8ZQt6Md5lKLJms8Yh4G0VkuzMA8Y9pnYc-94IMs7GwTo8a0LPKplZUlUYOIfca51LY_Zw6gId1r9p8qMzSktAvlaC2LEWoQ/w640-h452/Black-legged+MK+eating+cattail+seeds3R+12-5-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='591' height='493' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx20SGKj9EzbvUKtzmhS55WvlyW4gn7vNhzN0dsCi6hiXxTvhdEsXgy4CaKabZyg5_QVQqzHi_SXRlAroN1Lw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I mist everyone’s plant cuttings daily and monitor the water level. I've
never had a cricket fall into the plant water and drown but using narrow-necked
vases or iced tea bottles minimizes the risk, keeps that water from evaporating
as quickly, and holds the plant stems upright.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Plant cuttings seldom
last more than two or three days once the weather is cold and the heat is on. Finding green leaves in the late wall and early winter does become a challenge!</span><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkQV0OfGGbLV-qmpFtR4AMAPWXmgZSs1TGXeDJdZIFPnwj3gosQw2NKElwcGNI3OcXDolXOxw0MohBZij05T8EGB5FCS7Z7twkiFwH4qG1G0NVvN64kJxuAfqzMgv24n8yx6Po6sFESnQ/s1850/Check+the+vegetation+daily+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1388" data-original-width="1850" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkQV0OfGGbLV-qmpFtR4AMAPWXmgZSs1TGXeDJdZIFPnwj3gosQw2NKElwcGNI3OcXDolXOxw0MohBZij05T8EGB5FCS7Z7twkiFwH4qG1G0NVvN64kJxuAfqzMgv24n8yx6Po6sFESnQ/w640-h480/Check+the+vegetation+daily+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><i>Check the vegetation daily...and change as needed. </i><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4jDUtvdhblbPodEAXIBr__NMa04AeIxTERmSmOupt9DKfSQZ58CHtz-SV5U_4NkkUbg3eLrXVotSOUn3e1bWFzteOtjko_RU6DwxNm373qjybB2MqzgnVt_bIKQAn2C5DOOqF6H04B0k/s1850/Change+the+vegetation+as+needed+1010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1293" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4jDUtvdhblbPodEAXIBr__NMa04AeIxTERmSmOupt9DKfSQZ58CHtz-SV5U_4NkkUbg3eLrXVotSOUn3e1bWFzteOtjko_RU6DwxNm373qjybB2MqzgnVt_bIKQAn2C5DOOqF6H04B0k/w448-h640/Change+the+vegetation+as+needed+1010.jpg" width="448" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Changing plant cuttings is a dangerous moment, as all these insects can jump
out of their cages faster and farther than you would ever imagine possible. My
experience has been that they're somewhat less adventurous as they become accustomed
to the nightly routine, but one never knows when a cricket or katydid will
become startled or simply adventurous. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv3tuhDYZBh4cS5092RYPAYp2AewU9YK4z07mL6vR5Zda2sxWiugfQtUBd-M5amPO44MmRsPnmqyrtDVTUdwN5ri9NC5-cZ7aLKEktDUjffXghv3XprtnJf0Z0mMxF33OCkm8G3JVnKDE/s1850/Black-legged+one+leg+tries+to+go+for+a+stroll+10-7-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1404" data-original-width="1850" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiv3tuhDYZBh4cS5092RYPAYp2AewU9YK4z07mL6vR5Zda2sxWiugfQtUBd-M5amPO44MmRsPnmqyrtDVTUdwN5ri9NC5-cZ7aLKEktDUjffXghv3XprtnJf0Z0mMxF33OCkm8G3JVnKDE/w640-h486/Black-legged+one+leg+tries+to+go+for+a+stroll+10-7-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Be sure you
know where the insect is before moving anything inside the cage and if he tends
to jump, see if you can get him into a jar for a few minutes until you’re done.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I’ve written
about trigs – the tiny, sword-tailed crickets – in numerous other posts and
included photos of them in their tiny singing cages. They can escape from absolutely
anything else, so don’t even bother with those little plastic insect carriers. Give them food and a leaf to hide under. I typically have Handsome Trigs here
later in the fall, but this year I also had a Say’s Trig as well. They can be
cared for similarly. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/173071777&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/says-trig-and-handsome-trig" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Say's Trig and Handsome Trig">Say's Trig and Handsome Trig</a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
<span> </span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOo30Wwm3BmjPHO-YuBon9YsulfjQVVepAg1oL1LWou12li9vR6U7i3txAkIBfpp162czN8_jcHdbHzhfnCCPluqpXQhAmR-IXDD3rvndD5PDFGraD61mEPTfhbLdvXB3ugwKNxE-GXtQ/s1024/Handsome+Trig%2527s+Friday+evening+dinner+12-16-017.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="1024" height="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOo30Wwm3BmjPHO-YuBon9YsulfjQVVepAg1oL1LWou12li9vR6U7i3txAkIBfpp162czN8_jcHdbHzhfnCCPluqpXQhAmR-IXDD3rvndD5PDFGraD61mEPTfhbLdvXB3ugwKNxE-GXtQ/w640-h542/Handsome+Trig%2527s+Friday+evening+dinner+12-16-017.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Handsome Trig. This little container has a diameter of about 4.5". There are also small caterpillar/butterfly mesh containers that would probably work well for trigs.</span></span></i><br /></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I must give credit
where it is due. After weeks, the Say’s Trig jumped far out of his little
singing cage and disappeared. He was tiny: ¼” <span> </span>in size and coppery-brown. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnTb-LyApmhqbB5aUswOAob3Fa1X6ajTKI697Cbvbx9g10pZI5k-xXp8FZfdWn18n5N-BRnEBNLagTl8oEjh6fOY-Ot7BoRJIDSsYtyd-TCXNL_VwCh2b-4rfTYbabRzgH7-yfb65TCec/s1850/Say%2527s+Trig+male+Magee+8-16-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1382" data-original-width="1850" height="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgnTb-LyApmhqbB5aUswOAob3Fa1X6ajTKI697Cbvbx9g10pZI5k-xXp8FZfdWn18n5N-BRnEBNLagTl8oEjh6fOY-Ot7BoRJIDSsYtyd-TCXNL_VwCh2b-4rfTYbabRzgH7-yfb65TCec/w640-h478/Say%2527s+Trig+male+Magee+8-16-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i> Remember, Say's Trigs are only 1/4" in size and he was on a wood floor...</i></span> </span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I couldn’t find him
and was about to give up hope when Nikos indicated the exact location of elusive,
diminutive cricket. He didn't even try to catch or eat him, and soon the Say's Trig was safely in his little cage.<br /></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">This brings us
to food. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Crickets enjoy
apple slices and some like a grape slice as well. The katydids, however, were
especially enthusiastic about apples. I would occasionally have to move the
Black-legged Meadow Katydid off his in order to replace it with a fresh slice.
The Oblong-winged tore into his with intense focus. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheCCiSczlAsMfU6jbCbkGL_mhMcPf-m7jSPGYvPDr06J_vqEc9qobblKeiAqUfqj59KfHPpCERL8TI3DDcIePv-xPfI3Hs2I-Ke9kv5-gg74ZQXWzhWsR03Xna9oTDGL2dijN3PMUN92A/s1850/Oblong-winged+ating+his+apple3+in+the+house+2020.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheCCiSczlAsMfU6jbCbkGL_mhMcPf-m7jSPGYvPDr06J_vqEc9qobblKeiAqUfqj59KfHPpCERL8TI3DDcIePv-xPfI3Hs2I-Ke9kv5-gg74ZQXWzhWsR03Xna9oTDGL2dijN3PMUN92A/w640-h426/Oblong-winged+ating+his+apple3+in+the+house+2020.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghyphenhyphenrpm5ZvpOtBUkoj6UseH-WdvtVUDd5AzA3iD3KOYTvIdMmefLV5dohm8_Z_gBlNRs6SMcowXx1UV7Sdh3lf0XpY1zIJLjWVRSHQD_lDRWg2agOZEz6-FhRf2ny_sxPYDK_SLzgLFoHI/s1850/Oblong-winged+eating+his+apple1+2020R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghyphenhyphenrpm5ZvpOtBUkoj6UseH-WdvtVUDd5AzA3iD3KOYTvIdMmefLV5dohm8_Z_gBlNRs6SMcowXx1UV7Sdh3lf0XpY1zIJLjWVRSHQD_lDRWg2agOZEz6-FhRf2ny_sxPYDK_SLzgLFoHI/w640-h426/Oblong-winged+eating+his+apple1+2020R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgoGQ9lKnoUVeJMNjbA4f6Rbw5TUCYkGLEiSduvbEj_2J97YkeSfEc9fzZ023Ke7E6fM7FbXp4LAxKU-AaL3HTh2kWDVZgwHoISCuU2V-0A0p4lYxxh8UW6JEVq-vD-0F_MI14tI1S2Ak/s1850/Oblong-winged+eating+his+apple+closeup+in+the+house+2020R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1233" data-original-width="1850" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgoGQ9lKnoUVeJMNjbA4f6Rbw5TUCYkGLEiSduvbEj_2J97YkeSfEc9fzZ023Ke7E6fM7FbXp4LAxKU-AaL3HTh2kWDVZgwHoISCuU2V-0A0p4lYxxh8UW6JEVq-vD-0F_MI14tI1S2Ak/w640-h426/Oblong-winged+eating+his+apple+closeup+in+the+house+2020R.JPG" width="640" /></a><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">While the katydids
and tree crickets sometimes sample grapes, it seems to be the ground crickets
and especially Handsome Trigs who enjoy them the most. </span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Everyone would
get a little lettuce as well, and they all had dry cricket food and water cubes at
all times. One might not think that tree crickets would come down to the floor
of the cages to eat these items, but in fact, many do.</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Fresh produce
is served as a produce-kabob: lettuce topped with apple and perhaps a grape
slice. Because of the possibility of pesticide residue, these insects are only
served organic produce. </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnMka5l5y6bR0CLV06ec4YcHyYkjB2VWU3-0PAnXwFF5FxNOO9-EO7gUueGitC7qz1uYXWJ256A4e1NXNZaceJUfdH0n7FsS2HeAKBHZQRhO0bQv7MFvY0rXL5jqeHxuN3YvzJDiAv1yc/s1700/Produce+kabob+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1700" data-original-width="1109" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnMka5l5y6bR0CLV06ec4YcHyYkjB2VWU3-0PAnXwFF5FxNOO9-EO7gUueGitC7qz1uYXWJ256A4e1NXNZaceJUfdH0n7FsS2HeAKBHZQRhO0bQv7MFvY0rXL5jqeHxuN3YvzJDiAv1yc/w261-h400/Produce+kabob+2020.jpg" width="261" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Crickets and katydids will sit on top of the apple. Sometimes I actually have to move them in order to change their produce!</span></span></i><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></span><p></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Essential for
both habitat and food are leaves, preferably from plants like those in which
they’d been living earlier in the season. They will often eat the plant leaves
I provide them for hiding and singing.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsuiJIreVimi7EvHgKloigAl_lIog2HPfUSHY99OFu8Btg2PZsYwVl66rq6o4FS_ov-M4oFzOZ0DIQwa7UaIhkSrj7pwlWX7yATWiGUWYUSmve2RQwpeevR_rvaZCFT_YZcMnzdonsPUI/s1278/Nikos+and+blackberry+leaves+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1247" data-original-width="1278" height="624" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsuiJIreVimi7EvHgKloigAl_lIog2HPfUSHY99OFu8Btg2PZsYwVl66rq6o4FS_ov-M4oFzOZ0DIQwa7UaIhkSrj7pwlWX7yATWiGUWYUSmve2RQwpeevR_rvaZCFT_YZcMnzdonsPUI/w640-h624/Nikos+and+blackberry+leaves+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><span style="font-size: medium;">Crickets,
katydids, and cats all seem to appreciate a little warm, late-season sun, so I
lined everyone up along the dining room's south windows. Nikos placed himself right there with
them. This is when he first realized that there were living entities in
those cages!</span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaDUQoSYJJtm6xE4Mp0FOUokkLCyu5APzYnAGDn0fgOEibGUeeqU4H6o527jOzzxCBP6c29bzIoFQcB1BHHRiABfjGDXiKt0DA0AufpVX_uQVm4OFS7QpI5UU6wOoBfqecfqoy495xSiY/s1850/Nikos+ponders+the+cricket+cages+2020.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1850" data-original-width="1388" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaDUQoSYJJtm6xE4Mp0FOUokkLCyu5APzYnAGDn0fgOEibGUeeqU4H6o527jOzzxCBP6c29bzIoFQcB1BHHRiABfjGDXiKt0DA0AufpVX_uQVm4OFS7QpI5UU6wOoBfqecfqoy495xSiY/w480-h640/Nikos+ponders+the+cricket+cages+2020.jpg" width="480" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: verdana;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='615' height='513' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dyvYRzzZhZ3-NPDlnYW6Gz5GhGn8Rlvg007PdZCxDY_OgaSCxpRxHFy1YVbpedAovbvH7-XXIlDzmx9p-W7iw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><span style="font-family: verdana;">It’s getting
quieter now. The three Broad-winged Tree Crickets are still here, along with one Forbes’s
Tree Cricket. They would have matured in early August for the Forbes's and mid-August for the Broad-winged. They've been singing in the wild and now here in the house for four months. Very few of my indoors singing insects make it to the end of December, but just
maybe one will still sing up in the bedroom on New Year’s Eve.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Interestingly,
we've
noticed one unexpected song deterrent: the indoor and front porch little
LED holiday lights we've hung in multiple places for the first in many
years. Although these lights don't seem to us to be nearly as
bright as indoor lamps or the usual porch light, the Broad-wingeds in
particular will not sing when those lights are on. When I turn off the
switch or
unplug the chord, the crickets instantly </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">begin singing!</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">I recorded the single remaining Forbes's Tree Cricket in a duet with the Broad-winged Tree Cricket who's been here the longest on the night of of December 16th/17th. Their cages were outside the bedroom in the dark. It was snowing outside and the ground was white. You may therefore hear the furnace blower in the background and also a little crackling from their aging file/scraper instruments at the base of their aging wings. Even so, some of you may also notice the interval between their pitches is generally about a perfect 4th, which is also visible on the sonogram below.</span></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvHU6K_3mTYENos3K3olXCDF9DK6Lklt7KYt2zVHxAIzvPjGVhspVNFn6muJ_rQUIv1s4lwB0rSKFjbjehCT3j_lwgL-XmKjPN61mYvZXhH0cHJKMcaPb_p5rXxxZoXmnO6TqodM8zuIE/s1275/Broad-winged+and+Forbes%2527s+Tree+Cricket+duet+sonogram+12-16-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="1275" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvHU6K_3mTYENos3K3olXCDF9DK6Lklt7KYt2zVHxAIzvPjGVhspVNFn6muJ_rQUIv1s4lwB0rSKFjbjehCT3j_lwgL-XmKjPN61mYvZXhH0cHJKMcaPb_p5rXxxZoXmnO6TqodM8zuIE/w640-h96/Broad-winged+and+Forbes%2527s+Tree+Cricket+duet+sonogram+12-16-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/949899649&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-and-forbess-tree-cricket-duet-12-16-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged And Forbes's Tree Cricket Duet 12 - 16 - 20">Broad - Winged And Forbes's Tree Cricket Duet 12 - 16 - 20</a></div></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-family: verdana;">Every year, I am thankful to have learned
more about each species that spends time here and also about each one as an individual because - to my initial surprise - there
are even behavioral differences among members of the same species. </span> <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">And as each one leaves the stage in the annual Orthopteran Farewell Symphony, I always thank him for his songs.</span><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkHr_ZSq3isibhU_RevIHmCVPe8GFaQQdXbxjWclESEXWEe45BwtWL-wb7Ur3_rBQeQJzZ0VEHMDArqKTCcRlWZB-g-kl_qQmS2PYoOL6CSKv2t55VQD8wn5IxEhyphenhyphenguwsv8M4ZOWPpFPY/s1850/Black-legged+MK+singing+indoorsR+12-5-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1358" data-original-width="1850" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkHr_ZSq3isibhU_RevIHmCVPe8GFaQQdXbxjWclESEXWEe45BwtWL-wb7Ur3_rBQeQJzZ0VEHMDArqKTCcRlWZB-g-kl_qQmS2PYoOL6CSKv2t55VQD8wn5IxEhyphenhyphenguwsv8M4ZOWPpFPY/w640-h470/Black-legged+MK+singing+indoorsR+12-5-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: verdana;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/949189438&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: Interstate, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Sans, Garuda, Verdana, Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/black-legged-meadow-katydid" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Black - Legged Meadow Katydid">Black - Legged Meadow Katydid</a></div>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-11674182146471330832020-09-13T18:13:00.003-04:002020-09-13T18:17:41.176-04:00Amblycorypha Choristers <br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCrUeEHLUVAZFEKywtJ3ycP13ED57WcePzkki3np9F1fJGWOsyhSFyW6Ef9RN3YOhBCmB7rgGZmkD2BJlyCNhOoHPwVSfbUa6o7Fz4-WDv68Jnn5TjkaCIAEPDzu2UFMLBRlwKJIdcLmI/s1024/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+looking+gorgeous+Indiana+Sat+night+9-5-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCrUeEHLUVAZFEKywtJ3ycP13ED57WcePzkki3np9F1fJGWOsyhSFyW6Ef9RN3YOhBCmB7rgGZmkD2BJlyCNhOoHPwVSfbUa6o7Fz4-WDv68Jnn5TjkaCIAEPDzu2UFMLBRlwKJIdcLmI/w625-h416/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+looking+gorgeous+Indiana+Sat+night+9-5-15.JPG" width="625" /></a></div>
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</xml><![endif]-->
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It’s the Year of the Oblong-winged Katydid in NE Ohio! I have never heard and seen so many Oblong-wingeds during
field season. <i>Amblycorypha oblongifolia</i> numbers vary from year to year,
as do the numbers of their little cousins, the Rattler Round-winged Katydids (<i>Amblycorypha
rotundifolia</i>.) </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But in July and August of 2020 they were by far the most
abundant katydid in the woodland edges, wetlands, and meadows.Their numbers were
especially surprising far out in the open, as they’re more typically in shrubby
edges and woodland understory.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Since they appeared to outnumber all the other singing
insect species except for the ever-present Carolina Ground crickets, this clearly
is the year to profile these beauties.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht_yK2JK7I0PSER9W35AVihRVr2yzs37EF8_a1BcJ2Aj0pHIH1RbZHZHK24V4hxQgv4cmOHpGWfgK_8Q7BzxSqmYmc5wEYsM_G1D3PzMlS7631cARu-Lk8Pzmb1IQk_sGdS5iO9E3JlLc/s1600/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+Observatory+7-30-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1222" data-original-width="1600" height="381" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht_yK2JK7I0PSER9W35AVihRVr2yzs37EF8_a1BcJ2Aj0pHIH1RbZHZHK24V4hxQgv4cmOHpGWfgK_8Q7BzxSqmYmc5wEYsM_G1D3PzMlS7631cARu-Lk8Pzmb1IQk_sGdS5iO9E3JlLc/w500-h381/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+Observatory+7-30-20R.JPG" width="500" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In NE Ohio, we typically see more of the <i>Scudderia</i>
genus bush katydids – especially the very common Curve-tailed Bush Katydid- than
the Oblong-wingeds. Therefore, people may confuse them, especially with so many
Oblong-wingeds out in the meadows and wetland edges this year. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">They’re both large with long, green, leaflike wings. Here’s
a Curve-tailed Bush Katydid's very long, relatively slender wings:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Now look at the Oblong-winged Katydid's wing shape. There is indeed a distinctive bend in the upper wing and they're also wider and a little shorter. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-8OXGssu213w0H326Xyh0d02TdZW5pSLIpf7dnde_-1Be8ZdtFvEk5xogAigYEYsaNc_-IQzU_A2D8oTkNTMFIF0VqQzrPQfF3RYzEfQcTFSSNgMtnzWNdDgUCdpovLso4MsKUyYLVU/s1024/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="734" data-original-width="1024" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK-8OXGssu213w0H326Xyh0d02TdZW5pSLIpf7dnde_-1Be8ZdtFvEk5xogAigYEYsaNc_-IQzU_A2D8oTkNTMFIF0VqQzrPQfF3RYzEfQcTFSSNgMtnzWNdDgUCdpovLso4MsKUyYLVU/w625-h448/Oblong-winged+Katydid+male+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" width="625" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In addition, both the male Oblong-winged Katydid and the male Rattler Round-winged Katydid have a dark
stridulatory field where the male's wings attach to his thorax. This is where the wings' file and scraper produce the insect's songs. The dark color in these two species make a quick gender determination easier.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJaGvnLE3nldYHaTpL5zC9d6L-fP8k9bowX3t8mLYouGtTKpA_Ll0kf4ce1Z0qDsRz5gvofrMSJE47dx8_64856CWaWLAJmcuI1LBXiN743lj2cDKdfTuIXgKENQstHWrJkQB7-CrrI8/s1024/Oblong-winged+Katydid+Indiana+Sat+night+9-5-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="333" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJaGvnLE3nldYHaTpL5zC9d6L-fP8k9bowX3t8mLYouGtTKpA_Ll0kf4ce1Z0qDsRz5gvofrMSJE47dx8_64856CWaWLAJmcuI1LBXiN743lj2cDKdfTuIXgKENQstHWrJkQB7-CrrI8/w500-h333/Oblong-winged+Katydid+Indiana+Sat+night+9-5-15.JPG" width="500" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Male Oblong-winged Katydid. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Katydids in the<i> Amblycorypha</i> genus are called “round-headed
katydids, and it’s true! Look how rounded their heads are – very different from
the <i>Scudderia</i> bush katydids. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: medium;">Male Oblong-winged Katydid</span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><div class="MsoNormal">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The Oblong-winged's song can be
described as an emphatic <i>Scritch-IT?! Scritch-it-IT?! </i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyc54P1rdi0_9GnMJWFmzNWK8vGJkC2j02T2DNYVHBkRJ3tnzQtfgYEisSfzEIJvXBXPKh1sIMyUyxdy7kemGRHk8qXdirPooWlfsvkclXPavZbtrMRPMHo2Dvx-5oYhLvTBspNtia5Dw/s602/Oblong-winged+sonogram+7-30-20+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="221" data-original-width="602" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyc54P1rdi0_9GnMJWFmzNWK8vGJkC2j02T2DNYVHBkRJ3tnzQtfgYEisSfzEIJvXBXPKh1sIMyUyxdy7kemGRHk8qXdirPooWlfsvkclXPavZbtrMRPMHo2Dvx-5oYhLvTBspNtia5Dw/w400-h146/Oblong-winged+sonogram+7-30-20+%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/oblong-winged-observatory-at-66f" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Oblong - Winged Katydid, Observatory Park, Geauga Park District">Oblong - Winged Katydid, Observatory Park, Geauga Park District</a></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/889327969&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">When the temperature drops to what katydids would consider to be chilly after sunset (low 60s or perhaps upper 50s) their songs slow considerably. These are cold-blooded individuals and they can't move -and therefore, sing - as fast at those temperatures and their pitch won't be as high. One recent night at 61 degrees, I noticed that I was actually hearing more wing strokes than usual. Do they always have this many wing strokes that I didn't hear at a faster tempo, or was this unusual? </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNuWp00rKUAlmFqFxwE6MN0hArJ3xQLDFj16o_AqRQznLVvQP9RAF3-d2V3U_h78LEXgaHS_bBzD7M7CVf32vr9cvyylQnMD_CZMcxqx-z3GTrnr6ZtD_fv8hQc5cFKeM0snlIvFWv5U/s1273/Oblong-wingd+sonogram+61F+multiple+wing+strokes+Staples+8-8-20+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="1273" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaNuWp00rKUAlmFqFxwE6MN0hArJ3xQLDFj16o_AqRQznLVvQP9RAF3-d2V3U_h78LEXgaHS_bBzD7M7CVf32vr9cvyylQnMD_CZMcxqx-z3GTrnr6ZtD_fv8hQc5cFKeM0snlIvFWv5U/w625-h138/Oblong-wingd+sonogram+61F+multiple+wing+strokes+Staples+8-8-20+%25282%2529.jpg" width="625" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Oblong-winged Katydid at 61 degrees with a chilly </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Sword-bearing Conehead in the background.</span></span></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/889337287&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Unlike this year, I typically hear multiple males singing
only if there is a female nearby. Elegant and sometimes even a blueish green,
I’ve often found a female posing motionless on a leaf while hearing males all
around her. Each one makes his best enthusiastic effort to successfully
audition with his song while she is onstage. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYkMtS1TYz8x7UcZbaE4MLI3lA84Ll3o1sQeqK8zBD_gYqVcKpDd9LMyzI4WNyOOqttFkjxGhIGG5-gst-fkm8cW66E9Cs3OrrvpOQQ7awv_Lra2q44G9SQe6Gt3wJYIbb99Fefdb5E0/s1564/Oblong-winged+Katydid+female+Observatory+Nassau+7-18-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1564" height="481" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjYkMtS1TYz8x7UcZbaE4MLI3lA84Ll3o1sQeqK8zBD_gYqVcKpDd9LMyzI4WNyOOqttFkjxGhIGG5-gst-fkm8cW66E9Cs3OrrvpOQQ7awv_Lra2q44G9SQe6Gt3wJYIbb99Fefdb5E0/w625-h481/Oblong-winged+Katydid+female+Observatory+Nassau+7-18-20R.JPG" width="625" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: medium;">Female Oblong-winged Katydid. Notice her long, curved ovipositor.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although woodland edges, understory, and occasionally
wetland edges are the expected places to find these katydids, in this
exceptional year their exclamatory songs have resounded in a chorus from almost
every katydid-friendly habitat. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEv2FPspo7B6I9vRczZdu0VZSNS4roK8E728YRdM43envd-Rw7golXlh9ckOABCKK2dpZOhiu92DGmzZnIjrGRRitTnFuCVf582FmmrGxZPKvz560dfcDJix3Tq4Cadt_f6aH0PNcIebc/s1278/Multiple+Oblong-winged+sonogram+Nassau+7-30-20+%25282%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="292" data-original-width="1278" height="143" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEv2FPspo7B6I9vRczZdu0VZSNS4roK8E728YRdM43envd-Rw7golXlh9ckOABCKK2dpZOhiu92DGmzZnIjrGRRitTnFuCVf582FmmrGxZPKvz560dfcDJix3Tq4Cadt_f6aH0PNcIebc/w625-h143/Multiple+Oblong-winged+sonogram+Nassau+7-30-20+%25282%2529.jpg" width="625" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/889333750&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; line-break: anywhere; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;"><a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/multiple-oblong-winged-katydids-singing" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Multiple Oblong - Winged Katydids Singing">Multiple Oblong - Winged Katydids Singing</a></div>
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<br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The Rattler Round-winged Katydid, Oblong-winged’s smaller
relative, is not a species I frequently find in NE Ohio.</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> They seem to appear in
scattered locations, but never consistently or in large numbers. Their
occurrence varies annually, and in some years I may not find them at all. I have
to remind myself that worry may be premature. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgAUaZc6i8ot9fIEhksk5dt_Aeu1Dbm6Ux3c6mm-BIMjs4sWKVIhU36Ab4zdkmY8OdkpdCbsOmM3JqEGbrrF6opq5xeGXaaMuOj5qPH_byIqJTDR6aQwgsMRTCAve0kSkfmKgylAk5SJM/s1024/Rattler+Round-winged+Katydid+male+Buzzards+Roost+8-22-15.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="620" data-original-width="1024" height="304" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgAUaZc6i8ot9fIEhksk5dt_Aeu1Dbm6Ux3c6mm-BIMjs4sWKVIhU36Ab4zdkmY8OdkpdCbsOmM3JqEGbrrF6opq5xeGXaaMuOj5qPH_byIqJTDR6aQwgsMRTCAve0kSkfmKgylAk5SJM/w500-h304/Rattler+Round-winged+Katydid+male+Buzzards+Roost+8-22-15.JPG" width="500" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Male Rattler Round-winged Katydid</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">They, too, are woodland edge and understory residents. While Oblong-wingeds occasionally appear in meadows and can be expected
in wetland edges, I almost never find Rattlers elsewhere. </span></span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Their very high, soft, delightful songs are not as easy for
some of us to hear. Here’s an example.</span></span></span><br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/106018053&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">At one property I surveyed this year, I saw a couple of
Rattler nymphs in July and did not see any again. I thought perhaps the multitudes of non-native, invasive Chinese mantises had eaten them all, as a katydid
make a fine meal for one of these “preying” mantises.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But to my delight, I finally heard, then saw, a Rattler perched right out in the open on
top of a low, dense mound of blackberry. Here he is, and here's his song:</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiARqkSOH8_Vwf7wIjL2HioA7pGCp6YHURrRY56ZX7DAh5iViMUQgRgnwKcE6pBXSiCUW7oxMtMmMNr4k52t3UHnRgLWfWHNcb7gcnz-GAc0aNOXiV4px8YYCuxAGMqLM1-HL6WrF-GJEI/s1268/Rattler+Chickagami+sonogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="1268" height="105" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiARqkSOH8_Vwf7wIjL2HioA7pGCp6YHURrRY56ZX7DAh5iViMUQgRgnwKcE6pBXSiCUW7oxMtMmMNr4k52t3UHnRgLWfWHNcb7gcnz-GAc0aNOXiV4px8YYCuxAGMqLM1-HL6WrF-GJEI/w500-h105/Rattler+Chickagami+sonogram.jpg" width="500" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Within a couple of minutes, I realized
that two more males were nearby on the same thorn-filled stage. Rattlers often hide under
the leaves but occasionally sing from an upper surface to advertise for females.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgF0t9bJZ13fTeodYIweGFnNTCVRlg0L5ul4pX1kPYQJjibquEjESfCaSpRMsP6NoDTF26ITCMe6s0MCn3GXg_cA2-Hzkhvw-EuBUs78621PAUPmTVBNfe6H1fMQfcD4uPsCguYKG_O8/s1600/Rattler+Round-winged+Chickagami6+8-11-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="1600" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHgF0t9bJZ13fTeodYIweGFnNTCVRlg0L5ul4pX1kPYQJjibquEjESfCaSpRMsP6NoDTF26ITCMe6s0MCn3GXg_cA2-Hzkhvw-EuBUs78621PAUPmTVBNfe6H1fMQfcD4uPsCguYKG_O8/w500-h368/Rattler+Round-winged+Chickagami6+8-11-20.JPG" width="500" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Like male Oblong-wingeds, male Rattler Round-wingeds also
have a dark stridulatory field. Both species have round heads, as they are <i>Amblycorypha</i>.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG4IYZIr3Ajgfsi36jtOT0GfmBFkyurr1Nt23tYX_Xhq5RpKHsVP3OqILibeM3vYLCkluBDLktPZ1pQ34Vv7X0-BTy6jA3F60hKDlahxTEDsnS0T89u-QOe9gPv9Mur133dUDSbb6r4sw/s1024/Rattler+Round-winged+Katydid+male%2527s+stridulatory+field+BNP+7-23-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="868" data-original-width="1024" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG4IYZIr3Ajgfsi36jtOT0GfmBFkyurr1Nt23tYX_Xhq5RpKHsVP3OqILibeM3vYLCkluBDLktPZ1pQ34Vv7X0-BTy6jA3F60hKDlahxTEDsnS0T89u-QOe9gPv9Mur133dUDSbb6r4sw/s320/Rattler+Round-winged+Katydid+male%2527s+stridulatory+field+BNP+7-23-16.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span> </span></span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I brought one of that trio of male Rattler Round-wingeds home
to compare with the Clicker Round-winged Katydid I was given last year. (See <a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-almost-identical-twin.html" target="_blank">my post</a> about this species for a visual comparison.) Clickers
(<i>Amblycorypha alexanderei</i>) don't seem to be present in NE Ohio. They’re
not a species I ever hear and the two are visually identical so I wouldn’t be
able to tell by sight. I had hoped for an opportunity to study a Rattler’s
behavior after living with the Clicker last year, but could not assume that finding
multiple Rattlers would even be possible.</span></span></span><br />
</div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The Rattler does look identical to the Clicker and his
behavior is very similar. He’s not at all timid or nervous, appearing to move
with the elegant restraint of a Baroque dancer among the lush vegetation in his
butterfly cage. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">While attending to the plants in his cage on the dining room table,
though, I can’t assume he won’t decide to travel outside his cage any more than I could assume this of Clicker. He may suddenly
spring in an athletic jump that propels him airborne into beautiful fluttering
flight across the dining room. Or perhaps he’ll simply jump onto me, attaching
himself to my cheek with his scratchy, tiny feet – or completely surprise me by
leaping up into my hair, as the larger Oblong-winged has also done.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHCBtD02bJkUa9p1g2Ctw9U0oSs6yTzWfVzsynSK36P91EcrG4pEr2Q4lYWOAWtZSLrWS8PBgs9pbxyWvWWMvdmvyHdezxm0EA44UcLD3k9wrQBJtGrBSO4wKauresvw10BodnDzloRos/s1422/Rattler+in+Lisa%2527s+hair+closer+8%253D30-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1394" data-original-width="1422" height="393" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHCBtD02bJkUa9p1g2Ctw9U0oSs6yTzWfVzsynSK36P91EcrG4pEr2Q4lYWOAWtZSLrWS8PBgs9pbxyWvWWMvdmvyHdezxm0EA44UcLD3k9wrQBJtGrBSO4wKauresvw10BodnDzloRos/w400-h393/Rattler+in+Lisa%2527s+hair+closer+8%253D30-20.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: medium;">Unintentionally accessorizing with an Oblong-winged</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div><p>
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The Oblong-winged’s legs and wings are significantly larger.
He has easily jumped from his butterfly cage directly to the top of my head.
The evening he decided to fly, he didn’t take just a quick trip from the dining room
table to the top of the lower window. He took a vacation. Using the same
jump-and-extend-the-wings takeoff as the Rattler, the Oblong-winged repeatedly circled the dining room and
then confidently flew into the hallway, ultimately landing at the edge of a
bathroom shelf. It was easy to see how one could fly around a meadow or wetland
to suitable vegetation while the Rattler would stay hidden in the understory.</span></span></span><br />
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">By the end of August, the number of
Oblong-wingeds was beginning to diminish to more expected levels. Life for crickets
and katydids is short, and they are frequently predated or eaten. </span></span></span><br />
</div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I know that frost and ultimately a freeze will come to my
Geauga County survey sites before the end of singing insect season occurs
closer to Lake Erie’s warm water. The meadow-dwelling tree crickets matured
later than usual this year and are now becoming the center of the singing
insect sound stage. Jumping Bush Crickets just began to sing two weeks ago and
the late-season Round-tipped Coneheads have only recently reached adulthood. </span></span></span><br />
</div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Please, September, be kind…</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "verdana";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDmA18-AZdluhlNnuDwvudcMFbm06kWf7zjN1W44kHYppQdZg19YWZ6IC8Jj5LO0Tj5cLqTaFgZ4H_4FSAyxr2bSgy4bOpKIVPam9UajQ7L_bkgYbM0sE3-uoSJe2gBvxrQ1yx9cqUzo0/s1600/Oblong-winged+female+walking1+Observatory+7-30-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1166" data-original-width="1600" height="455" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDmA18-AZdluhlNnuDwvudcMFbm06kWf7zjN1W44kHYppQdZg19YWZ6IC8Jj5LO0Tj5cLqTaFgZ4H_4FSAyxr2bSgy4bOpKIVPam9UajQ7L_bkgYbM0sE3-uoSJe2gBvxrQ1yx9cqUzo0/w625-h455/Oblong-winged+female+walking1+Observatory+7-30-20.JPG" width="625" /></a></div><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-80744525351018033432020-07-26T18:06:00.003-04:002023-09-02T01:30:28.568-04:00Worried...or Impatient?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQILegh7CHsjlwTOZLHsk3pMYvk2p_h3sMl5A8kJnGorVciK3O9-_yL-NqAX09lfxImasD4eNgD2CeJLo_rSVcRkIF4G3to2_x4ihY7BAmY48e9_56AgKPM2IX6EDMFoEFUD7akRC3wfM/s1600/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid2+Staples+Meadows+7-11-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1036" data-original-width="1600" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQILegh7CHsjlwTOZLHsk3pMYvk2p_h3sMl5A8kJnGorVciK3O9-_yL-NqAX09lfxImasD4eNgD2CeJLo_rSVcRkIF4G3to2_x4ihY7BAmY48e9_56AgKPM2IX6EDMFoEFUD7akRC3wfM/s640/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid2+Staples+Meadows+7-11-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Broad-winged Bush Katydid male</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In recent weeks, people have been writing and posting
their worries<span style="color: red;"> </span>about there being no crickets this
year. I’ve reassured them, as I do annually, that it’s simply been too early
for crickets. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But I realized last night that I’m really not immune to
such concerns. I have a lot of information and experience, and I know when to
expect each of our NE Ohio cricket and katydid species to mature. If they’re
late, I start to worry. Is it just the weather? Was it severe thunderstorms
washing away and drowning all the nymphs? Pesticides in neighboring fields or
developments? Deer damage? Human damage? Insect apocalypse? Climate chaos? There
are different collections of concerns for different habitats, but I have a
broad repertoire. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I rather expected that singing insects might be behind
schedule this year because of the prolonged cold weather and even snow in May.
But I also thought that perhaps the steamy weather in parts of June and July
would hurry things along and it would all even out. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Gladiator Meadow Katydids typically mature during the
last week of June or the first week of July, but their expected habitats were
silent. Broad-winged Bush Katydids are right behind the Gladiators in early
July, but I didn’t hear a single individual. In fact, I wasn’t seeing many
katydid nymphs, either. I would have expected Carolina Ground Crickets in the
second week of July, but there still weren’t any singing in our backyard and
they were only just getting started in the field. And where were the Striped
and the Allard’s Ground Crickets?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Of course. I knew it. They were all washed away in
storms, just as I’d feared. Except… there were still tiny Spring Trigs singing…they
didn’t get swept away by anything.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then it occurred to me that perhaps each time there was a
hot summer and katydids and crickets matured early, I tended to make that my
new baseline. If singers were not onstage by those early dates, they were late.
</span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Here’s what actually happened in mid-July.</span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I’m out in the field most nights because I’m doing a
survey for the Geauga Park District in NE Ohio. The survey compares species in the NE, SE, and
SW corners of the county. Each week, I visit three parks and one property
that’s not open to the public, so I’m comparing and fussing over four different
locations. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoT1uslZWZcrkslq3983h4Kg5dH9Po9YUkZUFJge-p49NhmKSxffHJeMfAb1GW-5QUdUBQwGOCNcDxFlriVBQ0xzHFVFPH6xVJ82Brec8iWhdENQ2XkM8j0o6MKzR9D4BBPAsL-kCt8Y8/s1600/Conocephalus+nymph+on+timothy+very+tiny+Observatory+7-4-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1289" data-original-width="1551" height="530" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoT1uslZWZcrkslq3983h4Kg5dH9Po9YUkZUFJge-p49NhmKSxffHJeMfAb1GW-5QUdUBQwGOCNcDxFlriVBQ0xzHFVFPH6xVJ82Brec8iWhdENQ2XkM8j0o6MKzR9D4BBPAsL-kCt8Y8/s640/Conocephalus+nymph+on+timothy+very+tiny+Observatory+7-4-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There were tiny meadow katydid nymphs (above), and sometimes I’d
see <i>Scudderia</i> bush katydid nymphs and <i>Amblycorypha</i> nymphs (Rattler-Round-winged
and Oblong-winged Katydids - below). I don’t know how they manage to survive storms and
heavy rainfall but singing insects have been around since dinosaurs walked the
earth. </span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfh_cZK2DiTk-rwNbUzNwL9LSc9inlf3jm5bshxYX0PlNlsFGoerR_kxsBvEjzVyzGd1fCthoNFfPe0JNKXlEwf0zscQfm4p-twESevEN0lw0JuHtEboBmz-ghssT13yX5tBswKeWtQSA/s1600/Amblycorypha+female+nymph+closer+Observatory+7-4-20R2.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="952" data-original-width="1024" height="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfh_cZK2DiTk-rwNbUzNwL9LSc9inlf3jm5bshxYX0PlNlsFGoerR_kxsBvEjzVyzGd1fCthoNFfPe0JNKXlEwf0zscQfm4p-twESevEN0lw0JuHtEboBmz-ghssT13yX5tBswKeWtQSA/s640/Amblycorypha+female+nymph+closer+Observatory+7-4-20R2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">One property had no adults except for Spring Trigs and
Roesel’s Katydids - a small, attractive European shieldback katydid that doesn’t
seem to cause any problems for our native species. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12gRZihH8sJro6yiKY6A1HRk4byMkv23UMSl2WtqMcXjfgUS_XH2D6vi9caraTCwR5VgEP_MhN4AJl7XbtCPHu_12Urrm6_92aaIlGLAjSr14iOI5zy7Fox9jqY6XYurHriGvTPA0e3g/s1600/Roesel%2527s+female1+Observatory+7-8-20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1579" data-original-width="1400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12gRZihH8sJro6yiKY6A1HRk4byMkv23UMSl2WtqMcXjfgUS_XH2D6vi9caraTCwR5VgEP_MhN4AJl7XbtCPHu_12Urrm6_92aaIlGLAjSr14iOI5zy7Fox9jqY6XYurHriGvTPA0e3g/s640/Roesel%2527s+female1+Observatory+7-8-20.JPG" width="564" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Roesel's Katydid female</span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But this property should
have had lots of Gladiator Meadow katydids and Broad-winged Bush Katydids!
Where were they?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then the next week– suddenly, they were everywhere! No
social distancing whatsoever! They were just a little late.</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoK2EPZKJz2OIwnKUNJWopgCwLRmsE94DwFrIAhg2GwAuD6gp6usTcUdJQJQOrXvmY0JYk3JD1fpfAR2lXeA3iesvm5nbldFtO6u7EIAMHw1ip-NnqJXclXL2oZcklBPajoLJGrv2Yg34/s1600/Gladiator+Meadow+Katydid+male2+Staples+Meadows+7-11-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1454" data-original-width="1300" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoK2EPZKJz2OIwnKUNJWopgCwLRmsE94DwFrIAhg2GwAuD6gp6usTcUdJQJQOrXvmY0JYk3JD1fpfAR2lXeA3iesvm5nbldFtO6u7EIAMHw1ip-NnqJXclXL2oZcklBPajoLJGrv2Yg34/s640/Gladiator+Meadow+Katydid+male2+Staples+Meadows+7-11-20R.JPG" width="572" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Gladiator Meadow Katydid male</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Every Gladiator’s song seemed to end where another’s
began, creating waves of insect song. </span><br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865040743&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/gladiators-ne-geauga-county-7-11-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Gladiators NE Geauga County 7 - 11 - 20">Gladiators NE Geauga County 7 - 11 - 20</a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In addition, I don’t recall ever
hearing so many Broad-winged Bush Katydids in one location. I hadn’t seen their
nymphs, so I had no idea how many of either species might actually be present. What
a joyful relief! </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865033972&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-bush-katydid-and-gladiators-geauga-county-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged Bush Katydid And Gladiators Geauga County 7 - 20 - 20">Broad - Winged Bush Katydid And Gladiators Geauga County 7 - 20 - 20</a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QYwIAqmUEUY197lMug3t82D75NBksXXVlPKYfNFgjoMqR9p9zZIdQUsJlmN-KV2f5MZTbgCk8miy84YyeWQwTkm6CF9BuBPnkFexCmRMiFHj9IoRFL_gvAhdJughU1mlYvb1FMDsGA8/s1600/Gladiator+singing+Chickagami+7-15-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1205" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-QYwIAqmUEUY197lMug3t82D75NBksXXVlPKYfNFgjoMqR9p9zZIdQUsJlmN-KV2f5MZTbgCk8miy84YyeWQwTkm6CF9BuBPnkFexCmRMiFHj9IoRFL_gvAhdJughU1mlYvb1FMDsGA8/s640/Gladiator+singing+Chickagami+7-15-20R.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Gladiator Meadow Katydid male</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Broad-winged Bush katydids at this property were so numerous
that I was able to study them more closely than usual. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlu57nggycDPsFthAADOVgfObwbn7BWQzv1aiEDM022ySNkP4Zjk5Wrti69fFwpo3unQW5xQbPizF2Q2xwHrQNuz9ikdn5TPoctKNJt_Od7vOJbIc6Lm6zGVqSuBrpAJGcjligcHPpzxw/s1600/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+female2+Staples+7-20-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1300" data-original-width="1573" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlu57nggycDPsFthAADOVgfObwbn7BWQzv1aiEDM022ySNkP4Zjk5Wrti69fFwpo3unQW5xQbPizF2Q2xwHrQNuz9ikdn5TPoctKNJt_Od7vOJbIc6Lm6zGVqSuBrpAJGcjligcHPpzxw/s640/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+female2+Staples+7-20-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Broad-winged Bush Katydid female</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Their songs are more complex that many katydids. Notice
that their song series starts with just two or three “tsips” and adds one more
each time: 3, then 4, then 5, then 6, and at least for this group, stopping at
7. I modified this sonogram so you could see the “counting” more clearly. Each
song statement seems to get louder and more emphatic as the count increases.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFfrrUn7ijYLosE35oOtWTO_fbXOEd1IWn1I8AYqXtN5T3bP4s4MsZvztdwsbDEGadyOrMbNzzuztgAh-g4raGkntAm_ARte7PDdQ32Fa153b_aZdM2pNlueibl0P2rL4goSZcl8ZkpTs/s1600/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+screenshot+cr+7-20-20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="1273" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFfrrUn7ijYLosE35oOtWTO_fbXOEd1IWn1I8AYqXtN5T3bP4s4MsZvztdwsbDEGadyOrMbNzzuztgAh-g4raGkntAm_ARte7PDdQ32Fa153b_aZdM2pNlueibl0P2rL4goSZcl8ZkpTs/s640/Broad-winged+Bush+Katydid+screenshot+cr+7-20-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865037035&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-bush-katydid-counting-sequence-geauga-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged Bush Katydid Counting Sequence Geauga 7 - 20 - 20">Broad - Winged Bush Katydid Counting Sequence Geauga 7 - 20 - 20</a></div>
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<br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But this year, I could observe more of the process. With
multiple males close to each other, I could hear how one would start singing
and another would follow right behind him. After a period of silence, one would
begin again and another would immediately follow as if singing in a competitive canon. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865043812&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/broad-winged-bush-katydids-two-geauga-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Broad - Winged Bush Katydids Two Geauga 7 - 20 - 20">Broad - Winged Bush Katydids Two Geauga 7 - 20 - 20</a></div>
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<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Excellent! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At least
at this location, Gladiator Meadow Katydids and Broad-winged Bush Katydids were
absolutely abundant. But what about the other park properties where they were expected
but currently missing?</span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Just two nights later, I slowly and<u> </u>cautiously
made my nocturnal way through a wetland area in SE Geauga County. It has
excellent habitat for Gladiators, but I hadn’t seen or heard any sign of them -
only a couple up in the timothy near where I parked my car. Now, however, singing
adults were exactly where they should be – in dense vegetation and boot-sucking
mud that made seeing them almost impossible. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL6ZQ7s6lSDGdndYe3NOaI0Vu7pDl54RM_QdxIR6kjbtv5frg5NMSFZBreBg1oC1N2LkutbY74SCsw-fp2HtYpZI3bPSYbA8-gBvG7eXgkP1dbE0AY85ZkZ74Yu_EUToKM_7n7ws9jPqw/s1600/Gladiator+Chickagami+wetland+7-15-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1300" data-original-width="1483" height="560" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiL6ZQ7s6lSDGdndYe3NOaI0Vu7pDl54RM_QdxIR6kjbtv5frg5NMSFZBreBg1oC1N2LkutbY74SCsw-fp2HtYpZI3bPSYbA8-gBvG7eXgkP1dbE0AY85ZkZ74Yu_EUToKM_7n7ws9jPqw/s640/Gladiator+Chickagami+wetland+7-15-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Gladiator Meadow Katydid singing from hiding in wetland vegetation</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Finally, Curve-tailed Bush Katydids typically mature a
little after the Broad-winged Bush Katydids and the two species can be heard
together throughout July.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are by
far the most common <i>Scudderia</i> species in NE Ohio. I’d observed <i>Scudderia</i> nymphs
at some of my survey locations, but they didn’t appear to be growing very much. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgED3zuWd9kdVRhg5kXT8qHwC34Lw2rSuovjwhBdGE4pOLFNYM3w7jAlCFDzrNK50yucmA5OeON-0Qnm9U0WcXT_01EDLUMBb5olReRPxQJdzt0Kj_6SHGONUM4nYAsRuyULs0lQzIt-Vg/s1600/Scudderia+male++nymph+Observatory+Nassau+7-18-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1170" data-original-width="1600" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgED3zuWd9kdVRhg5kXT8qHwC34Lw2rSuovjwhBdGE4pOLFNYM3w7jAlCFDzrNK50yucmA5OeON-0Qnm9U0WcXT_01EDLUMBb5olReRPxQJdzt0Kj_6SHGONUM4nYAsRuyULs0lQzIt-Vg/s640/Scudderia+male++nymph+Observatory+Nassau+7-18-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Scudderia nymph: his wings are not yet fully grown.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As with both the Gladiators and the Broad-winged Bush Katydids,
there seemed to be a Curve-tailed Bush Katydid festival night when many of them
appeared to mature at once. In SW Geauga County on the 17<sup>th</sup>, there
were more Curve-taileds than I think I’ve ever heard at the same time.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib2iMuU8t6D4yiGYGoEILU45_RRLlFgor_p1xCp4zx0UIUTaPcq9Cx_OjOGDB5qVZt4vw7XMOwEJsOKIcFJRjPeej3Ip7WII60XtVfTxR2BuqKyP8skk95-l7rLEFCz8uptug_K2C7VmY/s1600/Curve-tailed+female+eating+thistle1+Holbrook+7-18-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1495" height="598" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib2iMuU8t6D4yiGYGoEILU45_RRLlFgor_p1xCp4zx0UIUTaPcq9Cx_OjOGDB5qVZt4vw7XMOwEJsOKIcFJRjPeej3Ip7WII60XtVfTxR2BuqKyP8skk95-l7rLEFCz8uptug_K2C7VmY/s640/Curve-tailed+female+eating+thistle1+Holbrook+7-18-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Curve-tailed Bush Katydid adult female</span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Wendy and I watched closely for katydids that were
molting on both the 17<sup>th</sup> and 18th, as we didn’t want to
inadvertently damage any individuals who were this vulnerable state. It’s a
good thing we were careful!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjubWhJPjPfjjV4PPb8sdAQljcq4mY9PlF8T2OLZ2ZtbGoEYwDtJxJDdnzBl-RIWV8Pgsmb4eFTs7iqXs68hM5snpu4AqYupijOm0eyUGIhNQhSXd3Jfo3-dQGF937npGFYs1VOujbyazE/s1600/Curve-tailed+male+eating+his+shed+exoskeleton+Holbrook++7-17-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1478" data-original-width="1400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjubWhJPjPfjjV4PPb8sdAQljcq4mY9PlF8T2OLZ2ZtbGoEYwDtJxJDdnzBl-RIWV8Pgsmb4eFTs7iqXs68hM5snpu4AqYupijOm0eyUGIhNQhSXd3Jfo3-dQGF937npGFYs1VOujbyazE/s640/Curve-tailed+male+eating+his+shed+exoskeleton+Holbrook++7-17-20R.JPG" width="606" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">Curve-tailed Bush Katydid has just molted and is eating its shed exuvia</span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">I’m finally starting to hear Carolina Ground Crickets and
heard the first Striped Ground Crickets last night. Maybe they didn’t get
washed away, either. </span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But what about the Sword-bearing Coneheads? Where are
they? Where are the nymphs? Shouldn’t the one in the photo below be singing by
now, or have the invasive, non-native praying mantises eaten them all along with the
other missing katydids? </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0wGNW8uo4Btrt8RWjbovVO6Bj3sKOKvz3ouBpN5qOH1K-YXSPMK3GyZtEpw7IaLNVmKj4oWo48FJvdXoG6n89aAsJ1lGY9TEqSR-4S0rd_G19uKnjZapvQ1lR2WcYOugjeaLxhpt56Fk/s1600/Praying+mantis+eating+a+Scudderia+bush+katydid+Staples+Meadows+7-11-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1420" height="608" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0wGNW8uo4Btrt8RWjbovVO6Bj3sKOKvz3ouBpN5qOH1K-YXSPMK3GyZtEpw7IaLNVmKj4oWo48FJvdXoG6n89aAsJ1lGY9TEqSR-4S0rd_G19uKnjZapvQ1lR2WcYOugjeaLxhpt56Fk/s640/Praying+mantis+eating+a+Scudderia+bush+katydid+Staples+Meadows+7-11-20R.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Should I be worried? </span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">My own notes say they should mature in the third week of
July. July 20<sup>th</sup> is a reasonable expectation. They can begin singing even
a week earlier when it’s been as hot as this July has been so far. </span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">July 19<sup>th</sup>, and I still had not heard a
Sword-bearing Conehead. I'd only seen a few conehead nymphs.</span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 107%;">Sword-being Conehead male nymph</span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Was I legitimately
worried, or just impatient? </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQWgvNBDqAlnon82t_WIn9SQ7HbOgxaiBMIVTdqIY6FZ6l_PCStbkzgpQ-8kGqRgVBDtsAjdr-g-u8d1WW4r3fGWSnesIB88SdbYf3xBphdZfRcAuQ3hQEy5B1M6FBt8mGLE8Dr-qUm5k/s1600/Sword-bearing+Conehead+female+Staples+7-20-20R.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1413" data-original-width="1400" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQWgvNBDqAlnon82t_WIn9SQ7HbOgxaiBMIVTdqIY6FZ6l_PCStbkzgpQ-8kGqRgVBDtsAjdr-g-u8d1WW4r3fGWSnesIB88SdbYf3xBphdZfRcAuQ3hQEy5B1M6FBt8mGLE8Dr-qUm5k/s640/Sword-bearing+Conehead+female+Staples+7-20-20R.JPG" width="634" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-small;">First Sword-bearing conehead I saw this year (female)</span></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then on July 20<sup>th</sup>, the first Sword-bearing Coneheads
were singing!</span><br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/865048972&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<div style="color: #cccccc; font-family: "interstate", "lucida grande", "lucida sans unicode", "lucida sans", "garuda", "verdana", "tahoma", sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 100; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; word-break: normal;">
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Lisa Rainsong">Lisa Rainsong</a> · <a href="https://soundcloud.com/lisa-rainsong/sword-bearing-conehead-ne-geauga-7-20-20" style="color: #cccccc; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank" title="Sword - Bearing Conehead NE Geauga 7 - 20 - 20">Sword - Bearing Conehead NE Geauga 7 - 20 - 20</a></div>
<br />
<br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">What I think I'm seeing and hearing is that some species are more or less on schedule and others are somewhat late. I just may not know for a little while longer whether there are reasons for concern about any particular species or locations. For now, though, I'll try to set aside my subjective worrying and just observe, document, and learn. </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Curve-tailed Bush Katydid female completing her molt and inflating her adult wings</span></span></div>
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Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
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<![endif]-->Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-8767311853754244902020-05-22T20:41:00.000-04:002020-05-22T20:47:43.135-04:00Covid-free Concerts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNikYJandPAgqjWftmPYSniv51iPRnm1AqB3xnQ75qIRaQIqZToHVQtG67Z6Hb2EIE-KNGMq-t1ZtDk49FDRTLBkAQUC8AKQZ-Tz4aOB0K4958Uk8s9XacETHMT66AMh9fOK-1TaAvI4/s1600/Wendy+through+the+vegetation+Lily+Lagoon+2020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivNikYJandPAgqjWftmPYSniv51iPRnm1AqB3xnQ75qIRaQIqZToHVQtG67Z6Hb2EIE-KNGMq-t1ZtDk49FDRTLBkAQUC8AKQZ-Tz4aOB0K4958Uk8s9XacETHMT66AMh9fOK-1TaAvI4/s640/Wendy+through+the+vegetation+Lily+Lagoon+2020.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It's a difficult time to be a human singer. Singing in public is a dangerous, highly-effective way of spreading coronavirus-infused droplets. We simply can’t do this until a vaccine is widely available. So I'm singing only to the cats and focusing my listening on NE Ohio's avian and amphibian choruses.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />My listening hikes with Wendy restore a sense of presence and balance. Even though we had snow delays in May, birds continued to migrate, establish territories, and nest. Frogs and toads called from any semblance of a wetland whenever adequately warm. And Wendy continued to find a log or a stream bank or the side of a trail from which to make her “15-minute watercolor sketches” (which are often closer to 30 minutes, I have come to understand).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Instead of doing a targeted educational topic for this post, I decided I'd simply share a collection of April observations from three parks. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />April 12th: Lake Erie Bluffs on a cloudy, breezy Easter afternoon with very few people on the trails. The sky expanded out to the horizon and flowed back as water. Birds sounded louder and clearer because human noise had dissipated during the shutdown, and I felt a sense of space I hadn’t experienced since early March.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfA-iHy3mMaxLqLt-FVznkO6Y09eb1wlZkO2CMPIVwd_HzxxRspgs6trxxhgeRUtw6MlEqs3HnbDgqc3g43Nnrd2G-zaFmhEs2kAm5KMJmyhefxizAABOi6mmiVDUkNWhUPCqTEaZE1So/s1600/Lake+Erie+Bluffs2+spring+2020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="1600" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfA-iHy3mMaxLqLt-FVznkO6Y09eb1wlZkO2CMPIVwd_HzxxRspgs6trxxhgeRUtw6MlEqs3HnbDgqc3g43Nnrd2G-zaFmhEs2kAm5KMJmyhefxizAABOi6mmiVDUkNWhUPCqTEaZE1So/s640/Lake+Erie+Bluffs2+spring+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wendy chose to paint from a trailside bench near an accomplished Song Sparrow soloist on a territorial perch. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I followed my ears to find the source of a distant chorus of Spring Peepers proclaiming the triumph of spring from pools of standing water in a gas line clearing. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When I returned to Wendy's park bench, the Song Sparrow was now singing a different melody from his extensive repertoire.
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As we listened, he switched yet again.
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Can you hear the difference?</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />The sonogram below shows one example of each of the three songs. </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBTuBPvI1sGNy8xL9PNxgkkHjkJhS2i2s71cweE56pbJV0PPCmxKQ1Bx3IuUK0M-r4Mrq5y2eRVGqTydd7t9-TxwrwgPVGnZZH46RXVF8g8eQYnNc4V9V6ZKcwHehOWlH1ojpgEjI7wMg/s1600/Song+Sparrow+song+comparison+LEB+4-12-20+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="203" data-original-width="872" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBTuBPvI1sGNy8xL9PNxgkkHjkJhS2i2s71cweE56pbJV0PPCmxKQ1Bx3IuUK0M-r4Mrq5y2eRVGqTydd7t9-TxwrwgPVGnZZH46RXVF8g8eQYnNc4V9V6ZKcwHehOWlH1ojpgEjI7wMg/s640/Song+Sparrow+song+comparison+LEB+4-12-20+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">That's what we heard. This is what Wendy saw.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeTUJn_8rZAFNhQ79Dto_OnN1JJg-vudT68u3cYMyLVyFs02WSg-vpFmSQsCZkJtsFHfVnb-wyp4meMGU2HOCITidSFDMvy5JTlOd_d60rFBQO3v1YgoTZDEbg9w_Co8xB4htEZMCK0A8/s1600/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+Wendy+4-12-2020+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1230" data-original-width="801" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeTUJn_8rZAFNhQ79Dto_OnN1JJg-vudT68u3cYMyLVyFs02WSg-vpFmSQsCZkJtsFHfVnb-wyp4meMGU2HOCITidSFDMvy5JTlOd_d60rFBQO3v1YgoTZDEbg9w_Co8xB4htEZMCK0A8/s640/Lake+Erie+Bluffs+Wendy+4-12-2020+%25282%2529.jpg" width="416" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br />April 25th: Eldon Russell Park on the upper Cuyahoga River in Geauga County. Eldon Russell is irresistible to both of us in April. It’s a time of Rusty Blackbirds, Brown Creepers, and Blue-gray Gnatcatchers. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />And the marsh marigolds were in bloom! </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRVCGMZPVnoSLH4sXOSZGywvdM5DTiM_7EuRR5IiO2p9fo-CO2SzAd1EenWrmgrFOPPWBjCR1pa7EHqiQh_KZmZ2Sa4-OXQJ_F3S4fAwDhv4ZUfJBjTPVNANldXjKpNtj79UrM3ZAl4dM/s1600/Marsh+Marigolds+at+Eldon+Russell+4-25-20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRVCGMZPVnoSLH4sXOSZGywvdM5DTiM_7EuRR5IiO2p9fo-CO2SzAd1EenWrmgrFOPPWBjCR1pa7EHqiQh_KZmZ2Sa4-OXQJ_F3S4fAwDhv4ZUfJBjTPVNANldXjKpNtj79UrM3ZAl4dM/s640/Marsh+Marigolds+at+Eldon+Russell+4-25-20.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wendy didn’t need a bench or a log from which to paint. Sitting at the edge of the trail directly facing the expanse of yellow and green was all she required.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBrF9memVsPS6tT6MSB9Q6xL_Og5qWBzcI-ukHAred4td2901xgWO5g0N-XnFHI6r_zAYS6APdw9sUN9peoD-j-9PYghZzC5vb0NAuFko6R_MDv3NnUfTEcNiqynK8VMZG3zbA6pTnHKo/s1600/Wendy+painting+at+Eldon+Russell+2020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBrF9memVsPS6tT6MSB9Q6xL_Og5qWBzcI-ukHAred4td2901xgWO5g0N-XnFHI6r_zAYS6APdw9sUN9peoD-j-9PYghZzC5vb0NAuFko6R_MDv3NnUfTEcNiqynK8VMZG3zbA6pTnHKo/s640/Wendy+painting+at+Eldon+Russell+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-t1HJcAWocLAduCz_qKmdNjB6QSIOAKQtnXLQb6Ryu0PpOE6Qmv7idayzelM5EstdJuWjyia0QJoUyth9KoUUzJs1rfn-II9-nq-n2XtTNZo7n6Hld1x1ovZBau6oW4gVntMS8OwH-5w/s1600/Eldon+Russell+Marsh+marigolds+Wendy+2020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1600" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-t1HJcAWocLAduCz_qKmdNjB6QSIOAKQtnXLQb6Ryu0PpOE6Qmv7idayzelM5EstdJuWjyia0QJoUyth9KoUUzJs1rfn-II9-nq-n2XtTNZo7n6Hld1x1ovZBau6oW4gVntMS8OwH-5w/s640/Eldon+Russell+Marsh+marigolds+Wendy+2020.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While she painted, I walked up the gravel trail from the marsh marigolds towards an old field on my left. I heard a Northern Cardinal who was adding a light flutter to the end of each of his songs. To my ear, it sounds like the flutter-tongue technique that can be used in a flute piece, though to other people it sounds more like a purr or a light rattle. Look and listen closely - you can probably hear this in the recording and you may be able to see the light, vertical lines at the end of the sonogram.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXuz4fwMei2Lnca244A9F-EstM-6OPTEt6ydilfRiCFg-w794k2atwGxarcpdM8fY_LO_lwswotT7zP5TRnsaMMIumJpcWNSTQtu6qBF1lQPADw7cLRzCm9i_YhPpKYtD9L6VGfnFEh8s/s1600/Cardinal+song+with+purr+ER+4-28-20+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="92" data-original-width="707" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXuz4fwMei2Lnca244A9F-EstM-6OPTEt6ydilfRiCFg-w794k2atwGxarcpdM8fY_LO_lwswotT7zP5TRnsaMMIumJpcWNSTQtu6qBF1lQPADw7cLRzCm9i_YhPpKYtD9L6VGfnFEh8s/s1600/Cardinal+song+with+purr+ER+4-28-20+%25285%2529.jpg" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/824873596&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I've recorded this song extension a few times before. What was especially interesting to me this time was that another Cardinal nearby was exactly matching the first Cardinal's song, likely to define territorial boundaries, but never included the flutter at the end of the first male’s song. <br /><br />This area was also a perfect habitat for the Field Sparrows who’d arrived earlier in April. The accelerating rhythm of their songs sounds delightfully joyful, though I know the birds are actually proclaiming their territories and advertising for a mate. The pitch can rise toward the end of the song, descend, or stay the same, but it’s the rhythmic pattern that makes the song easily identifiable. </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEittMvjl2uxFrmAecAIfUzUybCPbCRUaxq4kOCPfTRORtrLr9wRNKKx2h_2FSyxy0MENREk9Ng4QTUEU-UkRUdbA993GLq5NY26rHmJHlYvSqAtmFWyRnJge5xKCjm6YeB30vUICr90rZc/s1600/Field+Sparrow+%25285%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="1242" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEittMvjl2uxFrmAecAIfUzUybCPbCRUaxq4kOCPfTRORtrLr9wRNKKx2h_2FSyxy0MENREk9Ng4QTUEU-UkRUdbA993GLq5NY26rHmJHlYvSqAtmFWyRnJge5xKCjm6YeB30vUICr90rZc/s640/Field+Sparrow+%25285%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/824874850&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">And of course there were American Robins singing with their typically purposeful enthusiasm. To me, they’re never “just Robins.” Yet I also heard very high, almost squeaky pitches as well. I searched for European Starlings, but there were no starlings, and no cowbirds, either. Northbound Rusty Blackbirds would be closer to the river in the wet woods. So what was I hearing? </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />American Robin songs often have a few very high pitches at the end of each song. In <i>The Singing Life of Birds</i>. Donald Kroodsma described the high pitches at the end of many Robin songs as a "hisselly", which makes sense to me because consonants like S’s are at a much higher pitch frequency that vowels in human speech.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Here's how this looks and sounds: </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_lNxtU6806ypSmN4dFpaHVep1uO9v5uvnCefyy0480KGT7HaY6ydGiaw7-SweO8asiebPGlxA92kISlPsAG_O6xrLuK7np0sn9dSJQFuY6ei7OOML9-HlT2o4bwng_EocXoD1-VylPtA/s1600/Robin+with+hisselys+ER+4-25-20+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="142" data-original-width="1334" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_lNxtU6806ypSmN4dFpaHVep1uO9v5uvnCefyy0480KGT7HaY6ydGiaw7-SweO8asiebPGlxA92kISlPsAG_O6xrLuK7np0sn9dSJQFuY6ei7OOML9-HlT2o4bwng_EocXoD1-VylPtA/s640/Robin+with+hisselys+ER+4-25-20+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/824877082&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But the almost constant hissellys were not from the Robin I was recording. I directed my mic above me to another Robin that seemed to be making smaller movements than a typical singer, and the mystery song suddenly came into focus.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Kroodsma wrote that sometimes a Robin might sing using only the high, hisselly pitches. That's exactly what my sonogram indicated: typical robin rhythmic patterns on pitches way up in the "hisselly" frequency range. I don’t believe I’ve heard an entire hisselly song before and I certainly hadn’t recorded it!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally, there were indeed Rusty Blackbirds. I find them traveling north along Eldon Russell's river edges and swamp woods every year. They nest in wet boreal forests and bogs, so we typically only encounter them on migration. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I am always so thankful when I hear them, as their numbers have dropped dramatically. According to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology’s All About Birds online resource, the population has plunged an estimated 85-95 percent over the past forty years. <a href="https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rusty_Blackbird/overview">https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Rusty_Blackbird/overview</a></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Each year I hear the Rusties feels like a gift, as I know there may be a time when their songs are absent from NE Ohio in April. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />April 29th: North Chagrin Reservation along the Chagrin River. The Oxbow Lagoon area is not very quiet because of traffic along River Road and thundering processions of substantial motorcycles emerging from hibernation. But it’s relatively close and there’s almost always something engaging to see or hear when I move farther from the road and closer to the river.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Late April typically brings the return of multiple Yellow Warblers, Willow Flycatchers, and Blue-gray Gnatcatchers, as the shrubby fields bordering the lagoon and wetland areas are a welcoming habitat for them. It also brings Wendy to the small observation deck that overlooks the wetland – an excellent location for an artist.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I heard the first Blue-gray Gnatcatcher as soon as I opened my car door in the small dirt and gravel parking area just off River Road. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Blue-gray Gnatcatchers, Song Sparrows, Yellow Warblers, and Red-winged Blackbirds were calling from all directions as I walked. Warbling Vireos’ songs spiraled upward, ending like an emphatic question. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Although male birds (and sometimes females) are singing only for their own species, I often hear relationships between the pitches and phrases of different species. Listen to the Warbling Vireo/Blue-gray Gnatcatcher “call-and response duet.” The gnatcatcher’s voice is much higher than the Warbling Vireo, as you can see in the sonogram. Notice, too, the higher, emphatic pitch at the end of each Warbling Vireo song. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the distance, there was also a continuous pitch that seemed to be the foundation for all the birdsongs above it –the toads! I thought I had missed the American Toad chorus this year, as Wendy and I had already found toad eggs in a small, marshy area in another part of the park days earlier. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />As with the Spring Peepers earlier in the month I could hear their tantalizing chorus from somewhere I hadn’t yet discovered. The dried seed heads of last year’s cattails suggested a relatively inaccessible wet area nearby. I was careful not to create much disturbance as I quietly slipped between shrubby crabapples and blackberry tangles. Even the Red-winged Blackbirds weren’t overly indignant. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />Finally, there it was: the Toad Concert Hall! </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I didn’t need to wade in for photos. I just wanted to listen under the warm sun, nourished by nature’s songs all around me. </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLHLDnuhm-yPPmAVw7CAugHtx1Cb4bju-R6Z1wuXev2or-tk7BUXwA-b_wDjPka-jd09dKI9VchL5RS1LDZszGBJFLLApbfytuMBiaW8fARC3_ht8YsNMuAm0ZZTE5cvgmkY9_M2Uz2nU/s1600/Wendy+painting+closeup+Lily+Lagoon+2020.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1493" data-original-width="1476" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLHLDnuhm-yPPmAVw7CAugHtx1Cb4bju-R6Z1wuXev2or-tk7BUXwA-b_wDjPka-jd09dKI9VchL5RS1LDZszGBJFLLApbfytuMBiaW8fARC3_ht8YsNMuAm0ZZTE5cvgmkY9_M2Uz2nU/s400/Wendy+painting+closeup+Lily+Lagoon+2020.jpg" width="395" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-14591159661422367652020-01-19T18:22:00.000-05:002020-01-19T18:44:10.055-05:00Small Delights and Big Discoveries: Field Season, 2019<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6hwYBgD4ZyR11xbfKfutL1euVBYiDqkSRkVKSWpqr12oJ6Sft1Hr47rZazGNlze2_wZNCk5gph1kl41w0z7rttY3FuhrUVghnWFYEaLFq2YlCR0j-Uq8M89swWTzgpxNh5wPG64EFOiA/s1600/Gladiator+Meadow+Katydid+Mentor+Marsh+7-19-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="670" data-original-width="1024" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6hwYBgD4ZyR11xbfKfutL1euVBYiDqkSRkVKSWpqr12oJ6Sft1Hr47rZazGNlze2_wZNCk5gph1kl41w0z7rttY3FuhrUVghnWFYEaLFq2YlCR0j-Uq8M89swWTzgpxNh5wPG64EFOiA/s640/Gladiator+Meadow+Katydid+Mentor+Marsh+7-19-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Gladiator Meadow Katydid singing Mentor Marsh in 2019 after the marsh </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">was freed from its phragmites invasion and native plants and insects </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">began to return.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Each year in the field brings a few surprises along with
interesting documentation of cricket and katydid range expansion. There’s also
moments of delight at the small discoveries I’d never see or hear were it not
for careful observation as I creep around the meadow vegetation at night. When I
step out into the darkness of the singing insect concert halls, I never know in
advance everything I’ll hear and see. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">T</span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">he restoration of <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bIJQbH-3e2c" target="_blank">Mentor Marsh</a> presented an encouraging example of singing insect population recovery with the removal of horribly invasive phragmites. I only heard one Gladiator Meadow Katydid there last year (2018). This year, visitors on a marsh night walk heard -
and even found - numerous Gladiator Meadow Katydids singing in the native plants on either side of the boardwalk (photo above). </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">And </span></span></span>look at this lovely couple I discovered at
Bath Nature Preserve in western Summit County! </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">This female and male
Curve-tailed Bush Katydid (<i>Scudderia curvicauda</i>) had just mated, as evidenced
by the spermatophore he deposited before they separated. I never see mating
katydids, and it’s rare for me to even see the couple together. Bath Nature Preserve provides 404 acres of habitat that supports a healthy diversity of singing insects.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although I do see molting katydids on occasion each year, I
always feel honored when I observe this miracle. The photo below is a bush
katydid nymph (genus <i>Scudderia</i>) along Cleveland Metroparks' North Chagrin Lily Lagoon trail along the Chagrin River.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">If you’ve read this blog for a while, you know that I study
northward range expansion of crickets and katydids, especially as more southern
species more into NE Ohio’s “snow belt” counties. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;">It's quite apparent why the northeast corner of the state is called the </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;">"snow belt." It's our gift from Lake Erie and occasionally, Lake Huron.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Documentation and data are
more than making lists and obtaining photos and recordings. I’m watching change
over time occurring right before my eyes and ears. There’s an engaging element
of discovery to it, even when I’m stuck in a blackberry tangle again. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here’s some
of what I learned this year. Where species names are highlighted, the links will take you to pages in my online field guide where you can hear recordings and see more photos.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Several species are steadily – and rather quickly – moving
north to Lake Erie, and I document these changes every year. Additionally, any
time spent in the field could possibly bring some unexpected observations. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I used to go down to Summit County to hear <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/jumping-bush-cricket" target="_blank">Jumping Bush Crickets</a>, as they weren’t up in the Cleveland area. I was delighted the first
time I heard one in our Cleveland Heights neighborhood and thrilled when the
first ones arrived in our back yard! </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Jumping Bush Cricket singing in a hydrangea next to our driveway</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Now, however, I search the snow belt for the places they
haven’t yet arrived. This year was their Lake County triumph. Instead of being
in scattered locations, they seemed to be everywhere I checked. There were
still a few locations in Geauga County where I didn’t hear them, but that could
certainly change next year. </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Dk9j_zIJ3-oxodCkENmj5THPVP2kmXD2-ZwenHcrJ04fLj1P_VTqpa-mnRK2itR0yqQvL_cP3ZT54IMkKj7OKY3ZgA4ktcWcKcqrlS3qhljpXjoA3en8vuhMuQsIwqAVhvnnYkMlk4w/s1600/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+range+map+2019+%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="571" data-original-width="893" height="408" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0Dk9j_zIJ3-oxodCkENmj5THPVP2kmXD2-ZwenHcrJ04fLj1P_VTqpa-mnRK2itR0yqQvL_cP3ZT54IMkKj7OKY3ZgA4ktcWcKcqrlS3qhljpXjoA3en8vuhMuQsIwqAVhvnnYkMlk4w/s640/Jumping+Bush+Cricket+range+map+2019+%25282%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/handsome-trig" target="_blank">Handsome Trigs</a> (<i>Phyllopalpus puchellus</i>) are moving fast as well. They, too, are becoming
common in Geauga County and are certainly widely present in Lake County. I
seldom even mention Cuyahoga and Lorain counties, where both Handsome Trigs and
Jumping Bush Crickets are now abundant.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIzlXATS61_Lm-BzY2IkwHvA-KUEoS22WqFP_W3WxC_cH0q33ZMLbklWrDBAfB0NR3H8kccerQSRIy2b5W8al1pppdZHMPLwZ0vBicYPArJ4PosTevfxFCSfzWZySD5jeAW1blSdwdWLk/s1600/Handsome+Trig+on+leaf+French+Creek+10-17-14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="800" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIzlXATS61_Lm-BzY2IkwHvA-KUEoS22WqFP_W3WxC_cH0q33ZMLbklWrDBAfB0NR3H8kccerQSRIy2b5W8al1pppdZHMPLwZ0vBicYPArJ4PosTevfxFCSfzWZySD5jeAW1blSdwdWLk/s640/Handsome+Trig+on+leaf+French+Creek+10-17-14.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvbNNvyxo_wPyYAXXREUImwvoWwJfsD950nD8-_j_dIhzgWb-QFjSDtQOva4hlOc7bRktQzwKGHGkvhyphenhyphenmFgIG0u6iKQ75t0u4DljVBkki4EgkDAzl_PduSZoCpPjKd4IASsKEZzYfs2k8/s1600/Handsome+Trig+range+map+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="871" data-original-width="1092" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvbNNvyxo_wPyYAXXREUImwvoWwJfsD950nD8-_j_dIhzgWb-QFjSDtQOva4hlOc7bRktQzwKGHGkvhyphenhyphenmFgIG0u6iKQ75t0u4DljVBkki4EgkDAzl_PduSZoCpPjKd4IASsKEZzYfs2k8/s640/Handsome+Trig+range+map+2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/round-tipped-conehead" target="_blank">Round-tipped Coneheads</a> (<i>Neoconocephalus retusus</i>) are also lining up along the
lakeshore, as I’ve noted in previous posts. I didn’t hear them in rural NE
Geauga County, though, so once again, that may be the area where more southern
species are going to take longer to get established. Here’s a Round-tipped
Conehead I heard - and eventually located with considerable effort – at Leroy
Wetlands in Lake County.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizRrlCBzRSnhvwL2r-xvGIhi2EerWi7wnoFc8Ats77781irPch9rzOf8fkUn8Kwit2mas0fEKBn1gR9OqfppjPDT1u3LFE2oeftQ4R_SRFPaFWP0-L-uB_z3vw1AXwg9xne9Om3RlYeyY/s1600/Round-tipped+Conehead+singing2+Leroy+Wetlands+9-20-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="769" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizRrlCBzRSnhvwL2r-xvGIhi2EerWi7wnoFc8Ats77781irPch9rzOf8fkUn8Kwit2mas0fEKBn1gR9OqfppjPDT1u3LFE2oeftQ4R_SRFPaFWP0-L-uB_z3vw1AXwg9xne9Om3RlYeyY/s640/Round-tipped+Conehead+singing2+Leroy+Wetlands+9-20-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWeHHo4-mn0OtmTkooLNR3wDi9feYuxfP0m_RGQ3cbt-9rhzHOwKA8LSDMT5CrZgpUP0_rIg6b0S6hc-Cr1qimIRkGJ5GSDNicQ9qo1gy0BZjDj-4e3jclyWmnB96p7uAXp27R92EOj2k/s1600/Round-tipped+Conehead+range+map+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="804" data-original-width="1024" height="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWeHHo4-mn0OtmTkooLNR3wDi9feYuxfP0m_RGQ3cbt-9rhzHOwKA8LSDMT5CrZgpUP0_rIg6b0S6hc-Cr1qimIRkGJ5GSDNicQ9qo1gy0BZjDj-4e3jclyWmnB96p7uAXp27R92EOj2k/s640/Round-tipped+Conehead+range+map+2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">A charming little cricket I’ve been documenting recently is
the <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/spring-trig" target="_blank">Spring Trig</a> (<i>Anaxipha vernalis</i>). This southern and central Ohio resident is spreading rapidly
in NE Ohio. Their silvery songs are even more lovely than the higher-pitched songs of the
Say’s Trigs, and they sing well before most singing insects. Just when I feel
I can’t wait any longer for the first cricket and katydid songs, there
they are, singing in meadows and edges as soon as evening shadows fall across
the vegetation. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span>As you'll see in my updated map below </span></span></span>I’ve discovered additional locations
for them this year. I'm learning that they're increasingly common in NE Geauga County and in Lake County, as are the other northbound crickets and katydids I monitor. </span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKYdFLXAJEIbEfbi0rSyU_Jr-63scQeTmXxq3fPcr5Wyw3X0sIKjwjjp02jSU9oRSioxkal1rf1MTCEhyphenhyphenjxxqX4f68izVJbk5BvlQ5GxLL6OqwQpAHZwNdL8XWmlOrK0fnMh2C5CQViYQ/s1600/Spring+Trig+range+map+for++2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="459" data-original-width="550" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKYdFLXAJEIbEfbi0rSyU_Jr-63scQeTmXxq3fPcr5Wyw3X0sIKjwjjp02jSU9oRSioxkal1rf1MTCEhyphenhyphenjxxqX4f68izVJbk5BvlQ5GxLL6OqwQpAHZwNdL8XWmlOrK0fnMh2C5CQViYQ/s640/Spring+Trig+range+map+for++2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The non-native <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/roesel-s-katydid" target="_blank">Roesel’s Katydid (<i>Roeseliana roeselii</i>) </a> is not invasive, and this
species actually seems to be less common now than several years ago. I realize that’s an anecdotal observation. Still, I find I'm somewhat surprised when one of
these gorgeous little shieldback katydids shows up in NE Ohio’s fields and
meadows</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">A strikingly colored female caught my attention on a
hilltop of a closed Lake County landfill that’s being managed for grassland. The grassy habitat was appropriate, but how did she and her predecessors establish themselves up there? I
was determined to catch her to show the participants at a park program in
progress, and she ultimately was happy to sit on my arm while being
admired. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnZJN084Ictx66VjAGXRD6zDtCqZWtela5Hb0V6TVVnZVD7z3dQ3WxjvzTVJ2UPPG6Pbe02JFUQP54m90z3V9ZySAuQ7MSa6WoYKb8YcOPEKtAbIsOZote9zWgw8babmLFOSTPGPSHGYQ/s1600/Roesel%2527s+at+Lake+County+Landfill+2019.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1281" data-original-width="1534" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnZJN084Ictx66VjAGXRD6zDtCqZWtela5Hb0V6TVVnZVD7z3dQ3WxjvzTVJ2UPPG6Pbe02JFUQP54m90z3V9ZySAuQ7MSa6WoYKb8YcOPEKtAbIsOZote9zWgw8babmLFOSTPGPSHGYQ/s640/Roesel%2527s+at+Lake+County+Landfill+2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Northern Bush Katydids are arboreal insects with high, soft, elaborate songs. Consequently, it’s difficult to know where they occur and how common they are. But they
do come to lights, and it occurred to me last year that these katydids could inadvertently be attracted by moth enthusiasts to their night-time moth lighting sheets. I inquired about them on Facebook, and sure enough – I got responses
and photos from counties where I hadn’t found them.</span></span></span></div>
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at the Rookery in the Geauga Park District, a Northern Bush Katydid flew down
from the trees and landed right in the flashlight beam on a leaf as if it were
a spotlight onstage! Here he is:</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwIplzA_U_cWv-M4hbzWg3-NIat88oZ_VrJ2o5cBOUDYuz2xx0A0HSRgI6glpqA8K5oPWz-NzJn7r9weZHduZsz8yKnXxNwHOTNZpqqzz21tCeqj6t0P9habRGkcOH1NAEEtnO3cy_MgU/s1600/Northern+Bush+Katydid+male+Rookery+8-5-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="807" data-original-width="1024" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwIplzA_U_cWv-M4hbzWg3-NIat88oZ_VrJ2o5cBOUDYuz2xx0A0HSRgI6glpqA8K5oPWz-NzJn7r9weZHduZsz8yKnXxNwHOTNZpqqzz21tCeqj6t0P9habRGkcOH1NAEEtnO3cy_MgU/s640/Northern+Bush+Katydid+male+Rookery+8-5-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Geauga County was also the location of one of my excellent
surprises of the season.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’d gone to Frohring Meadows in the southwest corner of the county just to walk after dark. I had no expectation of hearing or seeing anything of interest. It was cold and I was
moping about the chilly weather that had curtailed my annual
<a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/two-crickets-that-look-and-sound-id" target="_blank">Black-horned/Forbes’s Tree Cricket </a>survey. Even though I was brooding about
whether I’d have another opportunity to resume the study, I still watched all
the grasses and wetland edge plants I passed until suddenly…</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5H2zi-d5B-jSALCcMwjbUKEZv2ushYVx74SMbJMb6DlJHzsM0JO70_UGXxvEdDlUylszIuz6u-AW7Bxz-LV4F-BLfkc6ZyYUKQHJLNr8woQUOyZrb_40TezUOh-9MPBp8XrsapEhwi8/s1600/Dusky-faced+Meadow+Katydid+male%2527s+long+wings+Frohring+8-7-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="849" data-original-width="901" height="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj5H2zi-d5B-jSALCcMwjbUKEZv2ushYVx74SMbJMb6DlJHzsM0JO70_UGXxvEdDlUylszIuz6u-AW7Bxz-LV4F-BLfkc6ZyYUKQHJLNr8woQUOyZrb_40TezUOh-9MPBp8XrsapEhwi8/s640/Dusky-faced+Meadow+Katydid+male%2527s+long+wings+Frohring+8-7-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">At least three Dusky-faced Meadow Katydids! This is a katydid
I only recently found in our area, though it’s one that should still be present
in our remaining wetlands. It seems to have been fairly common at some point in the past. Still, my only locations for them were Bath Nature Preserve in
western Summit County (2016) and at both Wolf Creek Environmental Center and Chippewa
Inlet Trail North Wetlands in Medina County (2017). </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Most of Frohring’s wetlands were created. I think just one original wet area had been present across the trail from the 2007 wetland construction. (Additional wetlands were created across the meadow in
2013.) I
never saw or heard this species when I surveyed Frohring Meadows in detail in 2012, nor did I expect they might possibly be present. But now, there
were those beautiful faces and long, elegant wings, and</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> I was amazed and delighted!</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi8YvYOphi3Ouw4q6_DSzj04m8VTgYusbPFhYDeNMR62RNTsPTchhtQ5_Uzdl2c9Z-UT71ZqhjgTlA-N3ZHmJ2hW7BPXHMT-l57q758x__lm8I3Ao_IX1_KmLzxXW9FAdfEbPMvDSzVvI/s1600/Dusky-faced+Meadow+Katydid+face+Frohring+8-7-020.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="1024" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi8YvYOphi3Ouw4q6_DSzj04m8VTgYusbPFhYDeNMR62RNTsPTchhtQ5_Uzdl2c9Z-UT71ZqhjgTlA-N3ZHmJ2hW7BPXHMT-l57q758x__lm8I3Ao_IX1_KmLzxXW9FAdfEbPMvDSzVvI/s640/Dusky-faced+Meadow+Katydid+face+Frohring+8-7-020.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In addition, I also found <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/long-tailed-meadow-katydid" target="_blank">Long-tailed Meadow Katydids</a>
(<i>Conocephalus attenuatus</i>) with the Dusky-faceds. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA6yWOyYNdbvMxqr9p9fPFQ83Su33RCODN7zFttXVaF_q_E6h8PTdubXENl6LxEziqQ0MPcfZsbbJuzHPihkdv2iGxeOPaK-Iz8PsVj5kXkw8myTOeqMqgcn5AmlAJD3tTERSYI0pWxzc/s1600/Long-tailed+Meadow+Katydid+female+Frohring+8-7-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="683" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiA6yWOyYNdbvMxqr9p9fPFQ83Su33RCODN7zFttXVaF_q_E6h8PTdubXENl6LxEziqQ0MPcfZsbbJuzHPihkdv2iGxeOPaK-Iz8PsVj5kXkw8myTOeqMqgcn5AmlAJD3tTERSYI0pWxzc/s640/Long-tailed+Meadow+Katydid+female+Frohring+8-7-19.JPG" width="426" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">This uncommon wetland species is one I find only occasionally.
Other than a few Short-winged Meadow Katydid, no other crickets or katydids
were visible or audible anywhere I walked. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">My mood improved substantially that evening. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Back in Cleveland’s University Circle, there was a new song
outside the institutions around Wade Oval. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisdCJrUsW2sCrj-XRjvMZM8SfumPNgkioOio0DMi01h5pPX1dW59a_Ct2xMNkXalXArZzyYUPDEzw_iRpCej9W20gzfjs0FQaFFor7MPE-DM_yxHl_75vlDeCOy5lM1OvX5qOWSbWGXQI/s1600/Japanese+Burrowing+Crickets+University+Circle+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="653" data-original-width="683" height="609" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisdCJrUsW2sCrj-XRjvMZM8SfumPNgkioOio0DMi01h5pPX1dW59a_Ct2xMNkXalXArZzyYUPDEzw_iRpCej9W20gzfjs0FQaFFor7MPE-DM_yxHl_75vlDeCOy5lM1OvX5qOWSbWGXQI/s640/Japanese+Burrowing+Crickets+University+Circle+2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Japanese Burrowing Crickets. <i>Velarifictarus micado</i> had arrived.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhosNx9Y5eqaTnDz2msVOnDU_E8-punQoz9IkYEmQFW1PHPCct0udd3FJB0YvlI7M9652wVVXYughfg9OSWjIj_2X8A1RGOwI8TMT2MmF1-T_Wl_0Wyymbp6TmbTlpi6fnW22kYs4bjEk4/s1600/Japanese+Burrowing+Cricket+male+Buzzards+Roost2+9-3-16+4474x2996+4474x2996.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="686" data-original-width="1024" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhosNx9Y5eqaTnDz2msVOnDU_E8-punQoz9IkYEmQFW1PHPCct0udd3FJB0YvlI7M9652wVVXYughfg9OSWjIj_2X8A1RGOwI8TMT2MmF1-T_Wl_0Wyymbp6TmbTlpi6fnW22kYs4bjEk4/s640/Japanese+Burrowing+Cricket+male+Buzzards+Roost2+9-3-16+4474x2996+4474x2996.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I knew the song from southern Ohio, where they're now
becoming quite common. They often sing from hiding places between rocks, bricks, and pavers. </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOibboRLvh_KlvnGdI9TL1aQhmGsFcMM_YjRsbkFM-2gOldu7IKTWDQEAZ5o6npejGMe8O4PfeOvAM1IaJOcTlmNckIIDH22q2aB7HkCenoPMFwQG3-6kCom7LJ8KE_IsLnbLxfYXnU1A/s1600/Japanese+Burrowing+cricket+between+pavers+Buzzards+Roost2+9-3-16+3377x3450.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1003" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOibboRLvh_KlvnGdI9TL1aQhmGsFcMM_YjRsbkFM-2gOldu7IKTWDQEAZ5o6npejGMe8O4PfeOvAM1IaJOcTlmNckIIDH22q2aB7HkCenoPMFwQG3-6kCom7LJ8KE_IsLnbLxfYXnU1A/s400/Japanese+Burrowing+cricket+between+pavers+Buzzards+Roost2+9-3-16+3377x3450.JPG" width="391" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But as of 2018, I’d only heard one individual up in NE
Ohio. Hidden among the stones and plantings outside the Rocky River
Nature Center in the Cleveland Metroparks, he was singing loudly enough to be heard all
around the nature center. Here's a recording of him:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/745797340&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">What a change this year! Individual males sang
triumphantly at the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Natural
History, the Cleveland Botanical Garden, and near the Cleveland Institute of
Music. </span></span></span></div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Were there Japanese Burrowing Cricket eggs in the mulch
used around Wade Oval? I imagine they’ve begun to get established now, so I’ll
listen for them next fall semester. Maybe they will have spread across the CWRU
campus.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I've saved my most exciting discovery till last – a discovery
by ear. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">While half-attentively listening to crickets and katydids
at dusk in my friends’ yard in Peninsula, I heard several Lesser Angle-wing
Katydids! </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlMJk-HIxo7bXZkA5-QUMjWcAsIb4F4z84U9A_3MkIrIPhy6m7G9yF4zkGoruBl6oIvoXtxXFaLFDKhUYPp-2YrhuuvCMC2mW9-1k0oEJWrbNTRu5PeP2iif0wV1sP44lPIHQykDHaO9s/s1600/Lesser+Angle-wing+Arc+of+Appalachia+8-16-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="1024" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlMJk-HIxo7bXZkA5-QUMjWcAsIb4F4z84U9A_3MkIrIPhy6m7G9yF4zkGoruBl6oIvoXtxXFaLFDKhUYPp-2YrhuuvCMC2mW9-1k0oEJWrbNTRu5PeP2iif0wV1sP44lPIHQykDHaO9s/s640/Lesser+Angle-wing+Arc+of+Appalachia+8-16-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;">Lesser Angle-wing at the <a href="https://arcofappalachia.org/" target="_blank">Arc of Appalachia</a> in southern Ohio.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Lesser Angle-wingeds (<i>Microcentrum retinerve</i>) are not supposed to be up here. They should be singing
down in Columbus and south. I only knew the songs from my trips to southern
Ohio. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgptasKV7Yb6PZCgIDTkRMDCZsTyPlHnEMOqUs0iu9z0PHEzme5hyGQ_qV9zBL-CXNXyMqvm8mxvdCwZ-l2q9AglkTLWrmWpbNbmv-CjIV4lQSS25m39g_PGzqd76WiHMrRaMxWrMGHsBI/s1600/032md.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="341" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgptasKV7Yb6PZCgIDTkRMDCZsTyPlHnEMOqUs0iu9z0PHEzme5hyGQ_qV9zBL-CXNXyMqvm8mxvdCwZ-l2q9AglkTLWrmWpbNbmv-CjIV4lQSS25m39g_PGzqd76WiHMrRaMxWrMGHsBI/s400/032md.gif" width="340" /></a></span></span></span> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Did I have my recording equipment with me? No. Of course, I
came back as soon as possible and recorded as best I could. It was a challenge,
as they live up in the trees and I had to listen past the noise from the three freeways
nearby.</span></span></span></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/745187026&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
</div>
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">What route had they taken north? Would I be able to trace
them back to central Ohio? I wish I could tell you that I figured it out. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I drove all through Cuyahoga National Valley Park after
dark on two subsequent nights, assuming it would be relatively easy to find my
way around this extensive park. Not surprisingly, this was quite an unreasonable
assumption. However, my pathetically disoriented nighttime rambling did turn up a Summit County Japanese Burrowing Cricket singing near Riverview Road. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The Lesser Angle-wingeds seemed limited to the Peninsula area along Stine and Riverview Roads. The map below shows the four locations where they were singing in the trees.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXZBaMG2ijImOyAclSl1_bPmfAWnYLR22XP2DmeBIKRbUjDIb1TrHuarYGYa798l_oDfc2kcln-R48FyBdoepeRaf9mklxHFPnBpx1nfome5EnVa3S9JrGMt4UMAT4qVgdgA4j6gqIWeg/s1600/Lesser+Angle-winged+Katydids+NE+Ohio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="766" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXZBaMG2ijImOyAclSl1_bPmfAWnYLR22XP2DmeBIKRbUjDIb1TrHuarYGYa798l_oDfc2kcln-R48FyBdoepeRaf9mklxHFPnBpx1nfome5EnVa3S9JrGMt4UMAT4qVgdgA4j6gqIWeg/s640/Lesser+Angle-winged+Katydids+NE+Ohio.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The pioneers are definitely up here. With so many species are
moving north, why shouldn’t Lesser Angle-wings begin to join their Greater
Angle-wing cousins as they do in southern Ohio?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Discoveries and data, songs and surprises to be continued
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: small;">Female Dusky-faced Meadow Katydid, Frohring Meadows</span></span></span></span></div>
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Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com1Cuyahoga County, OH, USA41.665789598915133 -81.55959723149146640.163414098915133 -84.141384231491472 43.168165098915132 -78.977810231491461tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-74780573039092840402020-01-06T15:46:00.000-05:002020-01-06T19:50:37.383-05:00Crickets - and a Katydid - in the House and the Classroom, 2019<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It’s becoming an annual tradition for me – a blog post
about what I’ve learned from the crickets that I bring home at the end of the
season each year.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Our cat, Dmitri, was so delighted with his beloved <a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2018/07/a-spring-field-cricket-named-lincoln.html" target="_blank">Spring Field Cricket</a> last year and his subsequent Fall Field Cricket that I needed to find at least a <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/fall-field-cricket" target="_blank">Fall Field Cricket</a> for him in 2019. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhSG6y5VwA16IXD547Myw3_Nm2W75hiDsiLXdbgbwHWDTrUWOiw0Ue6t6IrAXNl1M0JhTRjQowf-wVmJqk0CnFCrj3kt9sxo-XvxnB7Y51iZ5e2m1ThrWOXZt9QZOP7b2PnfrEo6UkUU/s1600/Dmitri+and+Lincoln+7-10-019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="1024" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVhSG6y5VwA16IXD547Myw3_Nm2W75hiDsiLXdbgbwHWDTrUWOiw0Ue6t6IrAXNl1M0JhTRjQowf-wVmJqk0CnFCrj3kt9sxo-XvxnB7Y51iZ5e2m1ThrWOXZt9QZOP7b2PnfrEo6UkUU/s640/Dmitri+and+Lincoln+7-10-019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> <i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dmitri with his 2018 Spring Field Cricket, Lincoln.</span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Field crickets are his
favorites because they’re larger than ground crickets, they rustle around in
their leaves, and they often come out of hiding both to sing and to explore. My
success guaranteed another excellent year from Dmitri’s point of view. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But the Fall Field Cricket did not have a name until the day I brought him to visit my Cleveland Institute of Music theory classes.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I placed him on a music stand at the front of the classroom
where students could see and hear him – they could even watch how he created
his songs with his wings. They could also observe his behavior since I create
miniature habitats for crickets based on where they’re found in the wild.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzTQcEfWTCXYbrWfsTLTGPnESFv1b9MArXGE1EUQ9wdfJyhBPKpkItUM-DJCRHxZN0j72VRTLsdvDMCKTMdDg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But he needed a name, they thought. The 8:25 class proclaimed his
name would be Frederick. Students in the 9:30 class declared that Frederick
was an absolutely inadequate choice and that his name should be Regulus. Some
of the 10:35 class members responded that Regulus was ridiculous.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">He became Frederick Regulus. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Frederick wasn't the only cricket to travel to class. I brought a tiny Handsome Trig in a little singing cage and he, too, sang from the music stand through all three consecutive classes. (This cricket did have a name: Phil, as in <i>Phyllopalpus puchellus</i>.) </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBUshZDCQeacUSuIaKaNrLLOt4TtXKRUtXiBQ45-WXlpyLegAspprxd7UXljSqVWF7dZBkILT-YVBzFnvXK98-Pu7wh5BD5ax0dz7CR9v7S5IyfVnXjjNievtip8IYLd9SiQc-B3QcS1k/s1600/Handsome+Trig+singing+black+leg+visible+thru+clear+wing+12-3-017.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="871" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBUshZDCQeacUSuIaKaNrLLOt4TtXKRUtXiBQ45-WXlpyLegAspprxd7UXljSqVWF7dZBkILT-YVBzFnvXK98-Pu7wh5BD5ax0dz7CR9v7S5IyfVnXjjNievtip8IYLd9SiQc-B3QcS1k/s320/Handsome+Trig+singing+black+leg+visible+thru+clear+wing+12-3-017.JPG" width="272" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/233082297&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">My students were astonished by how loud he was! They were intrigued and impressed, though some also hoped that he wouldn’t be back during the quiz
scheduled for the following day. </span></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Both crickets were part of the in-class “Cricket of
the Week” presentations I did for my students this fall. Other Cricket of the Week presentations were photos and recordings from my field guide and only took about 5 minutes of class time. The focus was on singing insects
that they could hear in Cleveland’s University Circle outside their classes and
dorms.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Back to the dining room…</span></span></span></div>
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in their little singing cages. In addition to having a little bottle cap of
cricket food, water cubes, a slice of apple, a slice of grape, and a piece of
lettuce, they really appreciated the addition of one more item:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">A leaf – preferably one that would curl up as it dried.
Why? That’s where they prefer to sing in the wild. They don’t stand on an exposed
stage, displaying for hungry Chickadees to eat. No, the males are on the underside of leaves or
in curled up leaves where they are concealed. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Once I realized how much the Handsome Trigs delighted in
this addition, our trigs were never without an appropriate leaf or two.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ve found that ground crickets very much like to have some
grass and a small pile of leaves in which to hide. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Surprisingly, they also very
much appreciate a small rock for a perch and perhaps a little piece of wood.
Those rock perches were so popular! Almost all our ground crickets used them
for singing and for basking in the late autumn sun.</span></span></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dx85h29s9sAFy7OUVqIonmJGthKIt3-Q-cmyUDX7wQs5Xt65dtJMttJu8OLVA9Ll_vZyqYiwy_MfpzGYG-mOw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But what about the sound of their songs? I can observe crickets
very well in those plastic cages but listening to them is more rewarding in the
screened lid terrariums. Mesh insect cages are a significant improvement over both of these options, but visual
observation is diminished. I think I’ll save the mesh cages for the tiniest ground
crickets that spend most of their time under their leaves.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">My most rewarding change was introducing caterpillar/butterfly
cages for the tree crickets. I’ve used stem holders for vegetation in
terrariums, but I can now add more height for their plants. My goal is to
create a lifelike habitat that provides good singing perches and to enable
opportunities for observing their behavior and this worked splendidly!</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPH-zvDYV8cCtZhCePT2XSKX6AlW-ireEBbKUDXdeHriz6gzb9-Sfyn39zfvNc5NZhHqdciTv5xhhu24dRyRH_ZT6f2ofl9s3bZ4bvqrduey8OtN9N0_H3Xbk2Ta6o-_NqfpiIdepjLtQ/s1600/Where+is+Broad-winged+in+these+leaves1+11-30-19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPH-zvDYV8cCtZhCePT2XSKX6AlW-ireEBbKUDXdeHriz6gzb9-Sfyn39zfvNc5NZhHqdciTv5xhhu24dRyRH_ZT6f2ofl9s3bZ4bvqrduey8OtN9N0_H3Xbk2Ta6o-_NqfpiIdepjLtQ/s640/Where+is+Broad-winged+in+these+leaves1+11-30-19.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Forbes's Tree Cricket singing in a blackberry leaf in a mesh butterfly/caterpillar cage. Forbes's and Black-horned Tree Crickets primarily stay near the tops of the plants, but they also travel from the ceiling to the floor to eat dry cricket food, water cubes, and lettuce.</span></span></i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">And our Clicker Round-winged Katydid from my <a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2019/10/the-almost-identical-twin.html" target="_blank">October 21st post</a>? He lived in a terrarium setting until the frightening evening when I
accidentally caught the edge of it and it crashed to the floor. It shattered! I
was horrified! <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Surely, Clicker had perished!
But no - he was still clinging, uninjured, to a leaf stem on the dining room
floor, surrounded by shards of glass.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">That’s when I moved him into a mesh butterfly cage as well, and he immediately perceived this habitat modification as an immense improvement. I could create an
appropriate understory with native shrub and vine leaves for him, and he could
climb and hide. He used every inch of space in that cage. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">As
native plants lost
their leaves in the late fall, I struggled to find sprigs of blackberry.
I
accessorized with strands of semi-evergreen invasive Japanese
honeysuckle, which
I can still find in parks even now. I also experimented with putting a
romaine lettuce leaf in a pill bottle of water. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif=""><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq_AX9mxM3VZhHxolmVQNJEwWwIXQq8-OLKJwXpESqhyphenhyphenljid656F6LKIarY0vJwNP00GcFXrZ4daijSoj8C-UKYgCJroxknD5nQQr3Ic9U6JL_OovlXIPdH-zZBogZvfrITYZ7ay4KTfo/s1600/Clicker+eating+lettuce+12-13-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq_AX9mxM3VZhHxolmVQNJEwWwIXQq8-OLKJwXpESqhyphenhyphenljid656F6LKIarY0vJwNP00GcFXrZ4daijSoj8C-UKYgCJroxknD5nQQr3Ic9U6JL_OovlXIPdH-zZBogZvfrITYZ7ay4KTfo/s640/Clicker+eating+lettuce+12-13-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif=""> And, of course, he enjoyed dining on an apple slice mounted on a twig.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxKbXv6xYUb_qXR-W1f6AqnI4il4K9shNZICv1XP_JqeFQDnjHzL0tIncldlMh67x1BL3UhPYh4Xk4YbUt4WDrNqFQ4-uJkj6CmMfSIG5ZkCQotlZHBlj00J5fuB6DN09NhgW_AtTH94E/s1600/Clicker+eating+apple1+12-4-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="710" data-original-width="1024" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxKbXv6xYUb_qXR-W1f6AqnI4il4K9shNZICv1XP_JqeFQDnjHzL0tIncldlMh67x1BL3UhPYh4Xk4YbUt4WDrNqFQ4-uJkj6CmMfSIG5ZkCQotlZHBlj00J5fuB6DN09NhgW_AtTH94E/s640/Clicker+eating+apple1+12-4-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif=""><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">The </span><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">late fall
decline in ensemble size is always sad for me. These insects were not young when I brought them inside and </span></span><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">life was often hard on them before they were moved into a warm, safe retirement community for their final days. They may live for a month or two in the house - occasionally a little longer – but only two have
ever lived into the new year.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpHjsEYeXdcwBBvNgmllVTHJgj71zOIwLYQcjmuWPRnF_5QpmVBlYAhaSU9IIlzXEdNdEbKc7eVlJ2NYnoMahROkc0tHrslQ8_7MP4WOpDNwKK1rvL6K4sTV3EpfJkX9nzW1VCYLMe1mA/s1600/Forbes%2527s+missing+back+leg.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpHjsEYeXdcwBBvNgmllVTHJgj71zOIwLYQcjmuWPRnF_5QpmVBlYAhaSU9IIlzXEdNdEbKc7eVlJ2NYnoMahROkc0tHrslQ8_7MP4WOpDNwKK1rvL6K4sTV3EpfJkX9nzW1VCYLMe1mA/s640/Forbes%2527s+missing+back+leg.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif=""><span style="font-size: small;">This Forbes's Tree Cricket was missing a back leg, but that didn't affect</span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">Clicker continued as usual until sometime during the early part
of New Year’s Eve, when he literally dropped dead to the floor of the cage. Now
only an ancient <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/broad-winged-tree-cricket" target="_blank">Broad-winged Tree Cricket</a> remains. His voice has faded to a whisper
when he sings a few occasional short phrases during the night instead of his former resounding aria that continued for hours at a time. </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN47hdWswjAqpBSzddK4dU0zrm6-zkPb8tclmlibqKC4019nGoq_w27_v1-SokC0vjsSDy0ddhs2zL_9qA1LuYubCaKwa7sX_ZGUD25ffL9hYbubnLsPyIdVyrhwVl2g2kK38vJyqHlQ8/s1600/Broad-winged+Tree+Cricket+just+after+midnight3+1-1-20.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="878" data-original-width="1024" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgN47hdWswjAqpBSzddK4dU0zrm6-zkPb8tclmlibqKC4019nGoq_w27_v1-SokC0vjsSDy0ddhs2zL_9qA1LuYubCaKwa7sX_ZGUD25ffL9hYbubnLsPyIdVyrhwVl2g2kK38vJyqHlQ8/s640/Broad-winged+Tree+Cricket+just+after+midnight3+1-1-20.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif=""><span style="font-size: small;">Broad-winged Tree Cricket on 1-1-20</span></span></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">It's
already January 6th, and a new year of listening will begin with the
first birdsongs of spring at the end of the month. We'll have a new
array of singing insects in the house next fall. Still, it's gotten very quiet in the house at night... </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><i><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">I’m currently writing
a page </span></i><i><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif=""><i><span 107="" 14.0pt="" arial="" font-size:="" line-height:="" sans-serif="">about crickets and katydids in the
house </span></i>in my <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/" target="_blank">Listening to Insects</a> field guide. It will have more detailed information than I’d put in a blog post, and
those of you who want to keep singing insects in the house will have that page
and also its link to Songs of Insects as guides. </span></i></span>
Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-73642391883426795022019-10-21T20:42:00.002-04:002020-01-06T16:51:42.688-05:00The Almost Identical Twin<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg12OGq4yqwmtkEqnwcKnrDT7CsZeDFxc3MUhYr-vYeDHcBADFzbtbSMX0_VP22WCp6B_qUhmPhIr1dTsl-FzntZi8Z3EBRj7Wqp7qieSptOHKkSEub2UB7kVizrsw87Cz2yOrMEijH4Sk/s1600/Clicker+Round-winged+Katydid+8-20-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg12OGq4yqwmtkEqnwcKnrDT7CsZeDFxc3MUhYr-vYeDHcBADFzbtbSMX0_VP22WCp6B_qUhmPhIr1dTsl-FzntZi8Z3EBRj7Wqp7qieSptOHKkSEub2UB7kVizrsw87Cz2yOrMEijH4Sk/s640/Clicker+Round-winged+Katydid+8-20-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This past August, my friend, colleague, and mentor Wil Hershberger and I taught a four-day workshop at the <a href="http://arcofappalachia.org/" target="_blank">Arc of Appalachia</a> in southern Ohio. There was an abundance of singing insects but we also brought some individuals that workshop participants could see and hear up close in the classroom</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My contribution was a Confused Ground Cricket that I’d caught in the dirt and dried-up mulch underneath a landscaping shrub during the Midwest Native Plant Conference in Dayton. Though found in much of Ohio, Confused Ground Crickets (<i>Eunemobius confusus</i>) are rare in my immediate area. A chance record the songs, and learn more about this little cricket’s behavior is always rewarding. </span></span></span><br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/220891111&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But Wil brought more than just one singing insect, including a katydid I’d read about in <a href="http://songsofinsects.com/katydids/clicker-round-winged-katydid" target="_blank"><i>Songs of Insects</i></a> but had never actually seen or heard: </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Clicker Round-winged Katydid: <i>Amblycorypha alexanderi</i>. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8cx_3NKlt_DLFwvZ1_c9DrSeE-TfXDkWXzHmHEWUBRkOTlHvdsyrtK_uIH1C1D1mhqc_x_5iphvj3aUZ3y5lTdRrvLmAigQHyJftl1_be0XeSwPnqXQrzhWs6E3ffAm7dzVThb8IRG-4/s1600/Clicker+posing+on+Wendy%2527s+thumb+9-2-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="532" data-original-width="1024" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8cx_3NKlt_DLFwvZ1_c9DrSeE-TfXDkWXzHmHEWUBRkOTlHvdsyrtK_uIH1C1D1mhqc_x_5iphvj3aUZ3y5lTdRrvLmAigQHyJftl1_be0XeSwPnqXQrzhWs6E3ffAm7dzVThb8IRG-4/s640/Clicker+posing+on+Wendy%2527s+thumb+9-2-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyc1sjHtpz3QE5fc-jlnyQ1KWs6ZFxAuresKInqaUoHod0zHlj6f5DW2Wq7PoGqg0AEZY-WzJ6FnjGWCchhx3s4rkYqnNFhEBNWDyS17jDujL-rxDTMtClb6vQub2lwNzimIBDhK4bFK4/s1600/Clicker+Round-winged++longer+song+series.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="1491" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyc1sjHtpz3QE5fc-jlnyQ1KWs6ZFxAuresKInqaUoHod0zHlj6f5DW2Wq7PoGqg0AEZY-WzJ6FnjGWCchhx3s4rkYqnNFhEBNWDyS17jDujL-rxDTMtClb6vQub2lwNzimIBDhK4bFK4/s640/Clicker+Round-winged++longer+song+series.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/695600764&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At the end of the workshop, Wil invited me to take this little katydid home so I could study him and learn to recognize his song. Although this species has been found in Ohio, there are no records for the greater Cleveland region and east/northeast. The closest record was from Ashland County, which is roughly 75 miles southwest of where I live in the Cleveland area. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhraLQ2Gg4fN2ehI4uJdbnpQMrEB9RfbYk_4f46Yu45yb6bsEDbY0gWgHzal45rc66EXl6UtEz-Y65s_eW0IeWVSf0lXSzcfEiSbh890rHSV9_1Gok3dzi_-9y-Aj7d9oaChIsOM4RycWE/s1600/Clicker+Round-winged+Katydid+range+map-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="392" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhraLQ2Gg4fN2ehI4uJdbnpQMrEB9RfbYk_4f46Yu45yb6bsEDbY0gWgHzal45rc66EXl6UtEz-Y65s_eW0IeWVSf0lXSzcfEiSbh890rHSV9_1Gok3dzi_-9y-Aj7d9oaChIsOM4RycWE/s400/Clicker+Round-winged+Katydid+range+map-001.jpg" width="340" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">(From <a href="http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/Walker/buzz/001a.htm" target="_blank"><i>Singing Insects of North America</i></a>)</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clicker Round-winged Katydids look exactly like Rattler Round-winged Katydids (<i>Amblycorypha rotundifolia</i>), which do live in NE Ohio. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd78reuYHQZjI1KMnk4Hk85TVLJ1zgR7llhCxfnjXaJRFlG_am-jSKzrCfPoBw6HsGlJzYmkR4ll35XSyjr9Whqp-dyDb1qsY8EL9OnDenwAo_MuMJgI-fbl164ThgKYQd_bVWnCxcdlk/s1600/Rattler-round-winged+Katydid+male+knows+the+female+is+somewhere+nearby+BNP+8-3-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="1024" height="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd78reuYHQZjI1KMnk4Hk85TVLJ1zgR7llhCxfnjXaJRFlG_am-jSKzrCfPoBw6HsGlJzYmkR4ll35XSyjr9Whqp-dyDb1qsY8EL9OnDenwAo_MuMJgI-fbl164ThgKYQd_bVWnCxcdlk/s640/Rattler-round-winged+Katydid+male+knows+the+female+is+somewhere+nearby+BNP+8-3-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rattler Round-winged Katydid, above, and </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clicker Round-winged Katydid, below.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMsU58SzxHpuCfMCIMMjE8tNTDmQcxDNFI0vf2aoQk55gRnDMTxRY1H_dDfuIu9sNQhAO6BpyDeQQ5xpxmqv0gYBl5_lYL60OAkUVi1AEUrHaMb5_R1HkS0T3GnmsRQQJa8ERyBuCrmg4/s1600/Clicker+walks+inside+his+leaf+8-23-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="1024" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMsU58SzxHpuCfMCIMMjE8tNTDmQcxDNFI0vf2aoQk55gRnDMTxRY1H_dDfuIu9sNQhAO6BpyDeQQ5xpxmqv0gYBl5_lYL60OAkUVi1AEUrHaMb5_R1HkS0T3GnmsRQQJa8ERyBuCrmg4/s640/Clicker+walks+inside+his+leaf+8-23-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If any Clickers are this far northeast, I would not be able to distinguish between the two species unless I heard the song.
The range map certainly indicates that they shouldn’t be too far away, so I've wanted to be able to identify them by ear. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here's the Rattler song followed by the Clicker's song: </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpNCVuKnDuchEYBXaKXjlWD84PVClC3qlsKeq56w-nfU9MrD1v5ytputnYmrUDcuCIKtwLeV2U_EvK-8DvzsHwSG1sUvbfqqZHb91FIPxdkzLlneh7HkWSHGEj-ySxKaoMu1UUOMWo8iM/s1600/Rattler+and+Clicker+sonogram+comparison.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="344" data-original-width="1501" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpNCVuKnDuchEYBXaKXjlWD84PVClC3qlsKeq56w-nfU9MrD1v5ytputnYmrUDcuCIKtwLeV2U_EvK-8DvzsHwSG1sUvbfqqZHb91FIPxdkzLlneh7HkWSHGEj-ySxKaoMu1UUOMWo8iM/s640/Rattler+and+Clicker+sonogram+comparison.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/695619676&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">How likely am I to hear one singing? Their songs seems quiet, although sonograms indicate that they are louder than one would expect. It’s a matter of frequency – not how often, but how high in pitch – that results in the song being less easily audible to human ears, especially when those ears become older. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wil was certainly correct about the opportunity to listen closely to the Clickers’s song and watch this katydid’s behavior. (We just call our resident katydid "Clicker.") I certainly have a better understanding of how to watch and listen for them now. Here’s what I’ve observed so far. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">My microphone reported that the supposedly soft song was indeed much louder than I realized! </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here's more detail of the Clicker Round-winged Katydid's song. Notice that each individual "click" is actually multiple wing stroke with a distinctive creascendo and accent at the end. This level of detail is difficult to hear during a long string of "clicks," but it's quite obvious when we can actually see the song.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjltb_qWMgAEmDkepbn9uuf_z5qm1VYWiK1wjF0SU0oDsCI1qoXd-HKIYK_odFWEByPttADp3uR90jEOgB5WmeOt-uT-PS8UC1oUEil1VuaC8TXqiLvXhwFYTS_6TwNdFxObRyTPVLCtn0/s1600/Clicker+Round-winged+three+clicking+song+series.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="327" data-original-width="1483" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjltb_qWMgAEmDkepbn9uuf_z5qm1VYWiK1wjF0SU0oDsCI1qoXd-HKIYK_odFWEByPttADp3uR90jEOgB5WmeOt-uT-PS8UC1oUEil1VuaC8TXqiLvXhwFYTS_6TwNdFxObRyTPVLCtn0/s640/Clicker+Round-winged+three+clicking+song+series.jpg" width="640" /> </a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Above: three series of clicks. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Below: the detail of each individual "click."</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhnFkur4LFFmeI_nI0I-81tEo2-8LtFCgOIXxo3A79qyIltF6IiKH5KMAwB0EUbz95O091i6YCJ4bboEfQTjpTsSrEIV-QC5EbbBwsrV2MpIOw-TG4bp8iCIJr5K3HoQO0QLu0vvMRyUI/s1600/Clicker+Round-winged+song+detail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="334" data-original-width="1455" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhnFkur4LFFmeI_nI0I-81tEo2-8LtFCgOIXxo3A79qyIltF6IiKH5KMAwB0EUbz95O091i6YCJ4bboEfQTjpTsSrEIV-QC5EbbBwsrV2MpIOw-TG4bp8iCIJr5K3HoQO0QLu0vvMRyUI/s640/Clicker+Round-winged+song+detail.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clicker sang exclusively at night, and generally only if the lights were off. Some singing insects sing during the day as well, but Clicker certainly did not. (I haven’t heard him actually singing for a while, so I think he has retired.) </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">He eats leaves and lots of them! </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkXWgY_An7Y0xoQvGG8LwFFw_kyXdZPM9Y39qXl2TYG120RAmVmX7fjM8qu6hZDgoYC3NpEViZqdVjObCawjEe-c-zxpG96OHWR1HRoT2u_KlJjRKG4an5KN0zRIUSdlC45ih1j53msd4/s1600/Hole+eaten+in+Clicker%2527s+leaf1+8-25-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="709" data-original-width="1024" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkXWgY_An7Y0xoQvGG8LwFFw_kyXdZPM9Y39qXl2TYG120RAmVmX7fjM8qu6hZDgoYC3NpEViZqdVjObCawjEe-c-zxpG96OHWR1HRoT2u_KlJjRKG4an5KN0zRIUSdlC45ih1j53msd4/s400/Hole+eaten+in+Clicker%2527s+leaf1+8-25-19.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">His favorites are the spicebush and viburnum we have in our back yard. (I believe the viburnum that is his cherished delicacy is black haw.) He’s less interested in red twig dogwood. He’ll eat Virginia creeper leaves, but he has no use for the rough, thick, scratchy leaves of blackberry. He seems uninterested in maple and other tree leaves, but then he’s an understory katydid. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">To my surprise, he will also eat buckthorn, a non-native invasive that’s in every yard on our block. It’s not his first choice, but until later this month, it will be readily available.
I will admit that I don’t know what I’ve going to do for him when all the understory leaves have turned and fallen. He has no use for lettuce, though he does appreciate his daily grape and apple slices.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRB8AMdPAaAGB-WI2U_I2zXWCsnwqUlHFsEJ5kIZOll7mfnXL8P_R0yP19IxEFY-yVapryyQVjtK63pHiKFnFOo0UGD01BA1eeR0tidgCTGBFSA0Re6t9PvseIfMTbvgM1AlvWb4btlZw/s1600/Clicker+on++his+apple+9-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRB8AMdPAaAGB-WI2U_I2zXWCsnwqUlHFsEJ5kIZOll7mfnXL8P_R0yP19IxEFY-yVapryyQVjtK63pHiKFnFOo0UGD01BA1eeR0tidgCTGBFSA0Re6t9PvseIfMTbvgM1AlvWb4btlZw/s640/Clicker+on++his+apple+9-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I know Wil gave him iceberg lettuce before he came to our house. Is he now hopelessly spoiled? </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In addition to being his food source, these leaves are where he lives. He disappears into them. When I mist the leaves, he promptly vanishes underneath them. His entire day and night is spent eating leaves, resting on leaves, and hiding among the leaves.
Considering that he looks like a little leaf, that’s why he can be difficult to find even in a confined space. It’s no wonder that he and his Rattler Round-winged cousins are so difficult to locate! </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another interesting thing about this little katydid is his movements, which are slow and deliberate. He often extends his legs one at a time – and one joint at a lime. Every joint seems to be a ball and socket and he can slowly swing his legs independently at unexpected angles that I’ve never observed in a katydid before.
His feet cling amazingly and they feel almost sticky because they adhere so effectively to my skin, the terrarium glass, my clothes, the built-in cabinets in the dining room… </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Oh, yes. About his adventures. We thought he only jumped, which he does quite well after giving careful consideration to the possibility. We didn’t realize he will occasionally turn a jump into actual flight until the night he flew across the dining room while I was changing his plants, landing on the glass of a built-in cabinet. I wasn’t overly concerned. He didn’t go very high or far on this or his two other field trips, unlike a <i>Scudderia</i> bush katydid who will fly to the ceiling of the next room if he has an opportunity to escape. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clicker routinely climbs onto my hand, but not because of any fondness for me. I’m just a convenient pathway up and out. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgd5qjE8xwy5Zpvz5t0S5N6zPwaPpXqYSIps6okW7lcWVSVSrQGCe66S6Yi0ScD7a7K5PscDgzEWUAbAGnZZTdaDAbNnw4Tj3CR7KYjfx7X6uoknxjUNrESTKxCKfCtcLILxgxKsI3F0/s1600/Clicker+in+Wendy%2527s+hand1+9-2-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="851" data-original-width="1024" height="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKgd5qjE8xwy5Zpvz5t0S5N6zPwaPpXqYSIps6okW7lcWVSVSrQGCe66S6Yi0ScD7a7K5PscDgzEWUAbAGnZZTdaDAbNnw4Tj3CR7KYjfx7X6uoknxjUNrESTKxCKfCtcLILxgxKsI3F0/s640/Clicker+in+Wendy%2527s+hand1+9-2-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What’s surprising is how very difficult it is to dislodge him! If he becomes annoyed with my attempts to do so, he jumps only my chest and continues to climb. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Last night, he flew to my ankle and proceeded to climb all the way up my leg until I coaxed him onto my hand and gently dislodged him into his leafy terrarium. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8p3HrbDGBcmpV2cWivi3eZVxGQSF3Kj2YQjyryz7jiR6gR9NtsGYh2G_TVuU3FD91MXEJ3P-5hF0GQ9VlnqPOr4ulA829ENAU9Uk1fxtuZ49d5aDGMbX2L-uS27KGp-QyD0VK4nswjA8/s1600/Clicker+continues+to+climb+10-18-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="981" data-original-width="1024" height="612" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8p3HrbDGBcmpV2cWivi3eZVxGQSF3Kj2YQjyryz7jiR6gR9NtsGYh2G_TVuU3FD91MXEJ3P-5hF0GQ9VlnqPOr4ulA829ENAU9Uk1fxtuZ49d5aDGMbX2L-uS27KGp-QyD0VK4nswjA8/s640/Clicker+continues+to+climb+10-18-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While this all seems rather amusing in the house, I have made note of his movements, his jumps, and his occasional flight. I’ll watch for all of this in the field. Will the Rattler Round-winged have the same kinds of movements? I hope to learn more about that species’ details next year. The<i> </i></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Amblycorypha</i> species I know well is the much bolder Oblong-winged Katydid (<i>Amblycorypha oblongifolia</i>), who is larger, more active and more visible. They are stronger flyers that are found in a greater variety of habitats.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Clicker is still with us as of October 21st, and I’ll be looking for more spicebush leaves this afternoon. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’m very pleased to have had an opportunity to learn about this intriguing little katydid and who knows? Maybe I’ll find one in the field next year. Thanks, Wil! </span></span></span><br />
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<br />Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-69827123411434065772019-06-28T15:00:00.002-04:002019-06-28T17:42:12.480-04:00Bobolinks: Singing from the Same Score<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It’s been five years already since I wrote about
Bobolink song patterns that can identify the places where they return each
summer. I thought it might be interesting to go back to a few of those
locations to listen for the song patterns I recorded five and six years ago to
hear if they had continued. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I picked three of my favorite NE Ohio Bobolink meadows–
one in each of three counties. See (hear) what you think.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">My first stop was South Russell Village Park not
far from Chagrin Falls. It is adjacent to Frohring Meadows in the Geauga Park
District but is owned by the Village of South Russell. In 2013 and 14, the
Bobolinks at both meadows had the same songs.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJvuxz6OdBZK3yaSEF6x2rc1EGWCIKjRfUF2nhGKrg0aRffV94QWaNMFh2atVLXurY_H7l_dHazqpbq51hWSOUGTew6TSBUJlsemsRe88cIlic-_a6hhqtkYfUU6Na43JjNzqnBw2HQf0/s1600/Bobolink4+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1366" data-original-width="1600" height="546" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJvuxz6OdBZK3yaSEF6x2rc1EGWCIKjRfUF2nhGKrg0aRffV94QWaNMFh2atVLXurY_H7l_dHazqpbq51hWSOUGTew6TSBUJlsemsRe88cIlic-_a6hhqtkYfUU6Na43JjNzqnBw2HQf0/s640/Bobolink4+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I climbed up the hill from the parking area into a
huge, grassy meadow with buttercups and ox-eye daisies – perfect for Bobolinks.
Listen:</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">When I initially identified the characteristic song
at this location, I heard three distinctive song patterns. In addition, there was what I call the “fancy
flight” song that is too complex for me to even begin to analyze if I listen in
real time. It’s sung by males as they circle slowly above the meadow, showing
off their gorgeous plumage and their impressive musical skills.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Being a mere human, I’d have to slow down the “fancy
flight” song quite a bit to comprehend it all and even then, I’m sure I’d miss
a lot of subtlety. I have immense respect for birds who can learn and later
reproduce such intricate patterns of pitches, rhythms, and tone qualities –
especially since they learn it all by ear. Keep in mind that even bird songs
that seem simple to us are actually far more nuanced than we realize. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vgon5l6Ds5HQ7ESapO-AB-SE55Fu_yfZdOXFQzvzGPCSMZD9b_A5KvCR47gR3D9TRfc5zwGb_SU40nMht_iME0eHzwEW8v1vHiAT9eLzx-Vr1ZNoN9iwiUlPLr7V7Y6wtFjFesTeRUo/s1600/Bobolink+on+post2+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1549" data-original-width="1600" height="618" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1vgon5l6Ds5HQ7ESapO-AB-SE55Fu_yfZdOXFQzvzGPCSMZD9b_A5KvCR47gR3D9TRfc5zwGb_SU40nMht_iME0eHzwEW8v1vHiAT9eLzx-Vr1ZNoN9iwiUlPLr7V7Y6wtFjFesTeRUo/s640/Bobolink+on+post2+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The part we can recognize by ear is the shared collection
of song patterns characteristic of the South Russell and Frohring Meadows
Bobolinks. Here's my 2013 recording of these song components:</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil-nYEEfoGBaZV4t9SeE-8uAKVC1lJ3hWAGFSZs7ejQuFwb5WmkpTaEoultv-qY63KLExoZqmoiSZPDZY9p-A_FWoUz6sIMUy9c07eZPwwwZkCEM46gMfLUxURLgq2_9DSKIfMOyiZigw/s1600/Bobolink+song+components+South+Russell+2013+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="1362" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil-nYEEfoGBaZV4t9SeE-8uAKVC1lJ3hWAGFSZs7ejQuFwb5WmkpTaEoultv-qY63KLExoZqmoiSZPDZY9p-A_FWoUz6sIMUy9c07eZPwwwZkCEM46gMfLUxURLgq2_9DSKIfMOyiZigw/s640/Bobolink+song+components+South+Russell+2013+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/642706269&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">So now to 2019. Have the songs been consistently
transmitted to the next generation? Is the same Bobolink population returning
to these meadows year after year? As someone who teaches ear training
professionally, I want to know what I’m hearing and ponder what it might mean.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I heard three consistent song patterns over and over
again across the entire meadow. All the males sang them. Sound familiar?</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ-9VNidmH_O8iJFqxnxW_305I1iOfA69c502IxR0Q9UnQ55VUUUNUaJwhlyjomOmEK53NC1A0FTIGHp2LMMswuImZVxc8bn8WqP13Y_XhJJXbvMKNL6MgL9IjJEgduIX7eFNlBOHosRg/s1600/Bobolink+SoundCloud4+Holden+6-13-14+2375x2306.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1554" data-original-width="1600" height="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ-9VNidmH_O8iJFqxnxW_305I1iOfA69c502IxR0Q9UnQ55VUUUNUaJwhlyjomOmEK53NC1A0FTIGHp2LMMswuImZVxc8bn8WqP13Y_XhJJXbvMKNL6MgL9IjJEgduIX7eFNlBOHosRg/s640/Bobolink+SoundCloud4+Holden+6-13-14+2375x2306.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">My next stop was the large meadow along Sperry Road
at the Holden Arboretum in the Kirtland area of Lake County. I knew the song of
this Bobolink meadow well, too. I had given Music in the Meadow bird song classes
for Holden on two or three occasions in the past, and the indoor class was
followed by an outdoor listening walk through this meadow. This is what the Bobolinks were singing back in 2011...</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">...and these were the recognizable song components in 2011, 2012, and 2013:</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpQGBU1erGwBppbFKgkn-VcBY_tsCDwr6-FislGuH9izty2cqUO38g-cqCC-mNncOOTyiGOHrXAAOcERSjif-xjwrFlffzppdv_EkfweAGQ4rRHwST4_7T_NxmUfumPKfor4COxrJupLg/s1600/Bobolink+song+components+Holden+2013+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="118" data-original-width="1346" height="56" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpQGBU1erGwBppbFKgkn-VcBY_tsCDwr6-FislGuH9izty2cqUO38g-cqCC-mNncOOTyiGOHrXAAOcERSjif-xjwrFlffzppdv_EkfweAGQ4rRHwST4_7T_NxmUfumPKfor4COxrJupLg/s640/Bobolink+song+components+Holden+2013+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe width="100%" height="20" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allow="autoplay" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/643578372&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true"></iframe>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The last time I taught the class, I had the
participants sing the primary Holden Bobolink theme in the classroom and then
again at the edge of the meadow. And when they heard the first Bobolinks, they
recognized those birds’ special song! They were so pleased! </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFHjn61Kz_alvZzch-KaKPajF5XK9PVT5USHJdGJIU1XvaroknuZMX6SW-XR6eBeE3c_i2XLKB29dwf8V8nCYCberx2UK1oOrOtCPrRIToFsw_mZpWRoYv1kGGdIHv_cBWsE6c6e1g1u8/s1600/Bobolink2+Holden+6-13-015.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFHjn61Kz_alvZzch-KaKPajF5XK9PVT5USHJdGJIU1XvaroknuZMX6SW-XR6eBeE3c_i2XLKB29dwf8V8nCYCberx2UK1oOrOtCPrRIToFsw_mZpWRoYv1kGGdIHv_cBWsE6c6e1g1u8/s640/Bobolink2+Holden+6-13-015.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">On my June 2019 visit, I didn’t hear
long flight songs because it was later in the day and the males were singing from
perches. Human noise was present as well. But the song patterns could not have been more clear:</span></span></span><br />
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<iframe width="100%" height="20" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" allow="autoplay" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/643580241&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true"></iframe>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The third Bobolink visit I made this June was to Bath Nature
Preserve in western Summit County not far from the Medina County line. This preserve's Bobolink songs - particularly the clear, three-note motive - had been recognizably different from the
South Russell and the Holden Bobolinks, who were themselves clearly different
from each other. Would that still be true here?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">These were the song patterns I’d recorded five years ago. In fact, I'd recorded 10 different males all singing the
same song. </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaJ-jD4JS8V80xEKaL0gRw9orIhMHTG35_UftbQqToydZ2vpbusi3Q5vz_dxfyJgljk2kwnLCRnvCm29FRq4Vm-CuRG92x-uERiVU-nnTPjFtbG-iLM1VdZp1d0oG91Us2enyW7MiCKA/s1600/Bobolink+song+components+Bath+2014+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="157" data-original-width="1356" height="73" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixaJ-jD4JS8V80xEKaL0gRw9orIhMHTG35_UftbQqToydZ2vpbusi3Q5vz_dxfyJgljk2kwnLCRnvCm29FRq4Vm-CuRG92x-uERiVU-nnTPjFtbG-iLM1VdZp1d0oG91Us2enyW7MiCKA/s640/Bobolink+song+components+Bath+2014+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/642700839&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">At first, the Bobolinks were were far from the trail and I didn't want to jeopardize their nesting success by going off the trail. But I recognized what I was hearing, and eventually, two males
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Once again, the songs were the same as five years earlier!</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGSL3WT1zC2v15uWRYCtqKU80SDKVP1Uw5F65xaeYZTY7DZRdlFOORFTt6lBTHKarsPludEc3UGgSE1VGgWtyyGKiDp4O1iinwDqKP27mEGgHmKO48x0xUGfLKzblKDgBmV1SUtpKVxLU/s1600/Bobolink+Frohring+5-17-015.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="558" data-original-width="800" height="446" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGSL3WT1zC2v15uWRYCtqKU80SDKVP1Uw5F65xaeYZTY7DZRdlFOORFTt6lBTHKarsPludEc3UGgSE1VGgWtyyGKiDp4O1iinwDqKP27mEGgHmKO48x0xUGfLKzblKDgBmV1SUtpKVxLU/s640/Bobolink+Frohring+5-17-015.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">These populations seem stable. I can count on
finding Bobolinks here, and there are additional locations in our region where
this is true as well.</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span><br />
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</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But there are other places where habitat loss, extreme
weather events, and early mowing while young Bobolinks are still in the nest have
impacted these birds. The songs I recorded several years ago may no longer
resonate in these meadows. I had hoped to get better recordings of two of my
favorite songs, but I haven’t been able to bring myself to return to those locations
to see if Bobolinks are still present. Habitat tragedies occurred on
consecutive years at both of these sites, and the numbers were already rather
small. Maybe I’ll go to these places next May...maybe…</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I'll close with a June 2019 Bath Nature Preserve Bobolink flight song. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/642915183&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Field
observations are valuable - especially over time. Fascinating stories reveal themselves
as we keep listening.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5U_eHJjVsqPMxW-HYu_MBLtoQi_ZJbXvAfp1yg1SD9D3Z7SZJ7t4YSZmh2B9ft9FugG3AbIM2okQDBDQ9wE-GW9trJg1O1PwrhRzChtuXGKsA2XPaesaHKBjpRDdWlY5zE1329jzE8Uc/s1600/Bobolink3+for+SoundCloud+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1264" data-original-width="1600" height="504" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5U_eHJjVsqPMxW-HYu_MBLtoQi_ZJbXvAfp1yg1SD9D3Z7SZJ7t4YSZmh2B9ft9FugG3AbIM2okQDBDQ9wE-GW9trJg1O1PwrhRzChtuXGKsA2XPaesaHKBjpRDdWlY5zE1329jzE8Uc/s640/Bobolink3+for+SoundCloud+SRVP+5-30-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
</div>
Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-48956523001081167622019-06-23T23:02:00.001-04:002019-06-23T23:34:36.373-04:00Snarls and Snores<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUX1rJDlNqGAJVYG7Z5NMC16kIcm6l6BlqxG8mKqunZyiItoUc5x5Ei_SnfrS-ScjAoI5c25642p_jPQ6Rxy_K4uPtAXXRJywqztEa5Bnrx99DIBsmrsen6zxRpqHMU12r6CwWnqtuX7g/s1600/Leopard+Frog5+Novak+4-18-15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="793" data-original-width="1024" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUX1rJDlNqGAJVYG7Z5NMC16kIcm6l6BlqxG8mKqunZyiItoUc5x5Ei_SnfrS-ScjAoI5c25642p_jPQ6Rxy_K4uPtAXXRJywqztEa5Bnrx99DIBsmrsen6zxRpqHMU12r6CwWnqtuX7g/s640/Leopard+Frog5+Novak+4-18-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Leopard Frog? Pickerel Frog? This identification
question seems to come up quite a bit for people who are listening to frog
songs. Citizen scientists who participate in FrogWatch do their surveys at
night, so these folks always have to gather data by ear. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">A number of frog species are quite distinct from one
another, particularly with a side-by-side recording reminder. There are a few, however,
that people tend to have trouble identifying. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">For example, people generally know the
Spring Peeper’s common and relentlessly loud peeping calls. What they often find confusing is the Spring Peeper’s ascending trill calls and the calls of the Western Chorus
Frog, especially because these two species may be found calling in the same location.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp7X0UyYLsXQjETHhN-x8unZzuekwv0EvX8a_yk1b-0utTkGEPt28TuQHMGTsfGGtJkpLwNC0lgOjz21DWyd6bMZlkn-Fiml6VpUXU5sWYhSE5aWfvMBmfJ3tk1mVeaJdKj_VORsu9so8/s1600/Western+Chorus+Frog+cr+Hoover+3-8-16+.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1322" data-original-width="1600" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp7X0UyYLsXQjETHhN-x8unZzuekwv0EvX8a_yk1b-0utTkGEPt28TuQHMGTsfGGtJkpLwNC0lgOjz21DWyd6bMZlkn-Fiml6VpUXU5sWYhSE5aWfvMBmfJ3tk1mVeaJdKj_VORsu9so8/s640/Western+Chorus+Frog+cr+Hoover+3-8-16+.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Western Chorus Frog, above and Spring Peeper, below. </span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNiQJTbfoA1pifjz8UW8YO09moaOK_5MZ-ttf93YKPWN2nQjNyk0jm9cGu_gHBVNdDDgYmpSKe3IzA-71zjZIoCOUDQ4LWLOJgC20PT_baBxIte5in3yGrpMtVIjGYbZIfnEmNnNhJnpk/s1600/Spring+Peeper3+WMW+4-9-13.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="800" height="476" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNiQJTbfoA1pifjz8UW8YO09moaOK_5MZ-ttf93YKPWN2nQjNyk0jm9cGu_gHBVNdDDgYmpSKe3IzA-71zjZIoCOUDQ4LWLOJgC20PT_baBxIte5in3yGrpMtVIjGYbZIfnEmNnNhJnpk/s640/Spring+Peeper3+WMW+4-9-13.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
</span></span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Listen to this comparison of the </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Western Chorus Frog followed by the </span></span></span></span>Spring Peeper’s
trill call. The trilling peeper is much more melodious to human ears because the
pitches are not as high as those of the Western Chorus Frog and therefore sound
clearer to us. In fact, they fall into the same range as many bird songs. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEX3Mi1FsnZo6xxlmsAu5XTh5UGw01Cs84rs2nmeiarRn4MG_A16PYKVCFy7C87USMjbQsuJcRau0dx3IjzMMi65RkanS4CzbLdbj1h2L5cwM_k-1gvSslYxDix1Tfwnpt1NAygxxxvIM/s1600/Western+Chorus+Frog+and+trilling+Peeper+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="337" data-original-width="1333" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEX3Mi1FsnZo6xxlmsAu5XTh5UGw01Cs84rs2nmeiarRn4MG_A16PYKVCFy7C87USMjbQsuJcRau0dx3IjzMMi65RkanS4CzbLdbj1h2L5cwM_k-1gvSslYxDix1Tfwnpt1NAygxxxvIM/s640/Western+Chorus+Frog+and+trilling+Peeper+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/639914775&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Another point of confusion can be the Gray Treefrogs. Up here in NE Ohio, we have Gray Treefrogs but not
the visually identical Cope’s Gray Treefrog. Southern Ohio residents have
Cope’s Gray Treefrog AND there are locations where both species are present. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqZyKFVvwvf5tYAHQTTv7DCRG1JA4WYVRX1-FZKKAjEGrgnEH9D-DVPcwnnRsPE08cuZm1KM_FlOGBGjdnpQ3lhgHf8Oqf_OQ0eqMtXKPwfjX8vkiCCGUF6CGKOOXHd5G44g07aClxIo/s1600/Gray+Treefrog+sings+from+the+edge+of+the+boardwalk+7-13-17.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="507" data-original-width="667" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHqZyKFVvwvf5tYAHQTTv7DCRG1JA4WYVRX1-FZKKAjEGrgnEH9D-DVPcwnnRsPE08cuZm1KM_FlOGBGjdnpQ3lhgHf8Oqf_OQ0eqMtXKPwfjX8vkiCCGUF6CGKOOXHd5G44g07aClxIo/s640/Gray+Treefrog+sings+from+the+edge+of+the+boardwalk+7-13-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">If
that’s true for you – or if you’re visiting Cope’s country – you can
learn the difference if you’ll graciously grant yourself a little patience. I’ll
include an example below and also <a href="http://listeninginnature.blogspot.com/2017/07/mistaken-identity.html" target="_blank">this link</a> to the Listening in Nature post that
features both calls if you’d like to do some additional listening.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/332176878&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">And then there’s Leopard and Pickerel Frogs. Some
people say, “I don’t even try.” So let’s spend a little time with this
comparison and experiment with some approaches you might find helpful in
separating these two species. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">First, a quick reminder of some visual similarities
and differences. These frogs are about the same size. Leopard Frogs are generally green
and the Pickerel Frogs tan, and both have prominent dark spots. The Leopard Frog’s
spots appear more random than the paired rows of Pickerel Frog spots. I find
this distinction to be very helpful.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here are Leopard Frog spots... </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFPgdsUWs_H2v8QPyJ1lJ-PsLdI09RGH6Ws9Oe7kDI_W1LHnXnd_DRL9QjqMcTc3fzOMLCXnr14UKYrklCm3bXv0lyJnVVFHbNEG0fEzj-QIwj8lDYvEXBqQmobkeoLLQH_inVCRNgT6Q/s1600/IMG_9544.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="642" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFPgdsUWs_H2v8QPyJ1lJ-PsLdI09RGH6Ws9Oe7kDI_W1LHnXnd_DRL9QjqMcTc3fzOMLCXnr14UKYrklCm3bXv0lyJnVVFHbNEG0fEzj-QIwj8lDYvEXBqQmobkeoLLQH_inVCRNgT6Q/s640/IMG_9544.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid3D5OfoRKWlujgLkX83M5ILVgP7WI3-yW1ydu2umBK0obtwh2I5Lu2cjdE1iX0zuLwiKrRKUkjMd8aPwonXALgMrE3U6NjKeO3IKMu7syAhlZ1Ne0COe0GOHeCubVjVEBkmshyPAi6wY/s1600/Leopard+Frog+Killbuck+3-25-17.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="916" data-original-width="1024" height="572" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid3D5OfoRKWlujgLkX83M5ILVgP7WI3-yW1ydu2umBK0obtwh2I5Lu2cjdE1iX0zuLwiKrRKUkjMd8aPwonXALgMrE3U6NjKeO3IKMu7syAhlZ1Ne0COe0GOHeCubVjVEBkmshyPAi6wY/s640/Leopard+Frog+Killbuck+3-25-17.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br />
<i> </i>...and here are Pickerel Frog spots.<i></i><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihiqJqDTZaVb3fVPs9sMPOPjkRlCoVn6np8VNGzp51leGRDb_a29zkXY8u9N6jZiPCITbARxz6UvJP3XVDNitTdzTMZDcFMi2SMyhPmLldL_ayoIIkytUsqYJiizPunbSC1_ZaPAsDzgQ/s1600/Pickerel+Frog+N+Chagrin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="777" data-original-width="1001" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihiqJqDTZaVb3fVPs9sMPOPjkRlCoVn6np8VNGzp51leGRDb_a29zkXY8u9N6jZiPCITbARxz6UvJP3XVDNitTdzTMZDcFMi2SMyhPmLldL_ayoIIkytUsqYJiizPunbSC1_ZaPAsDzgQ/s640/Pickerel+Frog+N+Chagrin.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd-rY6MqdpxWEgAIJZWeRMDuihAVSlkc68OyTuaZgTygwCGKyuMDcrk76DxvXL1MbnMXfFMPsOC_fNFeR4bsm0a23dRYYxUM6YNpenQ1gld7bpmfpREhND7CmY1sp0pHJVky_Jutj762Q/s1600/Pickerel+Frog+Hunting+Valley+5-3-10.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="1024" height="510" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd-rY6MqdpxWEgAIJZWeRMDuihAVSlkc68OyTuaZgTygwCGKyuMDcrk76DxvXL1MbnMXfFMPsOC_fNFeR4bsm0a23dRYYxUM6YNpenQ1gld7bpmfpREhND7CmY1sp0pHJVky_Jutj762Q/s640/Pickerel+Frog+Hunting+Valley+5-3-10.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Both species call in April after the Wood Frogs have
finished and the Spring Peepers and Western Chorus Frogs have already been calling for perhaps a month. It seems to me that the Pickerels start a little
later than Leopards, though I don't know if that's consistently true. I also have not heard both species in the same places,
though again, that may not be true elsewhere.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although The Ohio Frog and Toad Calling Survey
states that Pickerel Frogs “utilize the margins of clear, cool streams,
woodland springs and seeps, fens, and wet meadows,”</span> <span style="line-height: 107%;">this
isn’t necessarily true in my corner of NE Ohio. I’ve only found them in lakes,
ponds, and marshes so far, so keep that possibility in mind. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Now about listening. Let’s start with the Leopard
Frog. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW3QfITiFqUECfC9Kkoj5P2ar_E-RrZ5rQKJ2-44NF8CzWDosbf0IVyTxXMgTyQJqVW5vazvzmAkcTZP2VMzL-b2Htuo8gwkAMFf-3yNpBb1atdXs_3BAi0tggZgujqG0p1rygZvs12sQ/s1600/Pond+Brook+Leopard+Frog2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="1024" height="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW3QfITiFqUECfC9Kkoj5P2ar_E-RrZ5rQKJ2-44NF8CzWDosbf0IVyTxXMgTyQJqVW5vazvzmAkcTZP2VMzL-b2Htuo8gwkAMFf-3yNpBb1atdXs_3BAi0tggZgujqG0p1rygZvs12sQ/s640/Pond+Brook+Leopard+Frog2.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">They can call underwater, as can Pickerels, so you may not always know
exactly where the sound is coming from. Although their calls are often described as sounding like snoring, listen for variation. I’ll give you some examples.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">They can make grunting sounds, and sometimes their
“snore” can be a rather dramatic roar instead. </span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8MbtTM95a1AjU5dZAnNaUlWg7pqnvDS0dwGWV244s6esHZyhAdpbZkVYRWP-rXhIhI1xKHWGFfcj5yue1PMtzSxBozqgpjVBKBeDERwvsjalKedu76g18lfDxbAeA4mvlzcqIQiiOwmg/s1600/Leopard+Frog+roar+sonogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="1303" height="80" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8MbtTM95a1AjU5dZAnNaUlWg7pqnvDS0dwGWV244s6esHZyhAdpbZkVYRWP-rXhIhI1xKHWGFfcj5yue1PMtzSxBozqgpjVBKBeDERwvsjalKedu76g18lfDxbAeA4mvlzcqIQiiOwmg/s640/Leopard+Frog+roar+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/640372713&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">You may hear a relatively smooth, continuous sound
or one that has lots of tiny separations in the sound’s flow. I describe it as "eh-eh-eh-eh-eh" and you can see the separations on the sonogram. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaQglmeHsxZyuc0UuSkixIW9pcQmAK-rfhMynJguxAp0KUJi8WIPcYaqG5WOg2fS75n7DQjElizw3edn2wdTzVSS6gjZa_NrJg_8LJ2z9uyr6ikk-qzyTzQ8E6pPcO7effeWRZVUZqI0/s1600/Leoprad+Frog+eh-eh-eh-eh-eh+call+sonogram.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="139" data-original-width="1204" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilaQglmeHsxZyuc0UuSkixIW9pcQmAK-rfhMynJguxAp0KUJi8WIPcYaqG5WOg2fS75n7DQjElizw3edn2wdTzVSS6gjZa_NrJg_8LJ2z9uyr6ikk-qzyTzQ8E6pPcO7effeWRZVUZqI0/s640/Leoprad+Frog+eh-eh-eh-eh-eh+call+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/640375398&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ve focused on individual calls and small groups
for detail. Now here's a large, glorious chorus </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">at Killbuck Marsh Wildlife Area near
Shreve (a little south of Wooster). When I recorded this inspiring chorus (photo below), I
was literally standing in the water with them. Could I see them? Not really,
but they were never far from my boots as I slowly sloshed through the water. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieagP2SUiiaxK-X92KuV2xAsuLDHcE76wST0TWQQmS_Cc3atAB7q5YrEFkG5aDR_HRa_46u3voL6qEYzj_a-cVbG6OIC5Aiswmr1cjZTXSY1D2WN5fPZpfbmYelCUwTzu2A1HZiU2oJIc/s1600/Lisa+Rainsong+recording+in+Killbuck+Marsh.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="870" data-original-width="1024" height="542" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieagP2SUiiaxK-X92KuV2xAsuLDHcE76wST0TWQQmS_Cc3atAB7q5YrEFkG5aDR_HRa_46u3voL6qEYzj_a-cVbG6OIC5Aiswmr1cjZTXSY1D2WN5fPZpfbmYelCUwTzu2A1HZiU2oJIc/s640/Lisa+Rainsong+recording+in+Killbuck+Marsh.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/144736243&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">OK, got it? Now on to the Pickerel Frogs.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFJ-Jb5p_kzd-sEHmz9OAX9HXiaFDI8AUNHZxbRXpLj1jdGIERL2qskXrl2wMm5FcP0DiQgNdjXm2FqEPWUHggtiIBA4WAxsTCJS-NO1kQ__h5i0cYbBNpUzvMQsYjOkO7BPeOVLuBGAA/s1600/Pickerel3+Chagrin+5-5-10+%2528R%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="836" data-original-width="1000" height="534" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFJ-Jb5p_kzd-sEHmz9OAX9HXiaFDI8AUNHZxbRXpLj1jdGIERL2qskXrl2wMm5FcP0DiQgNdjXm2FqEPWUHggtiIBA4WAxsTCJS-NO1kQ__h5i0cYbBNpUzvMQsYjOkO7BPeOVLuBGAA/s640/Pickerel3+Chagrin+5-5-10+%2528R%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/640318455&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Brad Phillips at Erie (County) MetroParks described
their song to me as a “snarl,” and I think that’s useful to remember. It’s
definitely a smoother sound than those of the Leopard Frogs. (Personally, I
think Pickerel Frogs can also sound at times like a growling stomach.)</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The songs start softer and quickly become louder.
</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">(Imagine snarling "Nyeeaaahh!" at someone.)</span></span></span></span> You can see the contour on the sonogram I’ve included. The steady band of sound that runs through this sonogram (and recording) is that relentlessly loud chorus of Spring Peepers I mentioned earlier.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNjiWD16wHggg9BIiZgCetRiX3a1d3Z3-VxY1MjBsulfzeQc00t7vB_yVA3di7GMptYTES9L5dCT6g3vDE4RwbuT74rkk9MCZq7G9MicTHVuj32Vbo59cWwNTezIdw8mUAyGYyNv6Xpk/s1600/Pickerel+Frog+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="324" data-original-width="1272" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNjiWD16wHggg9BIiZgCetRiX3a1d3Z3-VxY1MjBsulfzeQc00t7vB_yVA3di7GMptYTES9L5dCT6g3vDE4RwbuT74rkk9MCZq7G9MicTHVuj32Vbo59cWwNTezIdw8mUAyGYyNv6Xpk/s640/Pickerel+Frog+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/640321599&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Now here's a chorus of several Pickerel Frogs and, of course, Spring Peepers.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwxjJ10LRcsqfjG5N4NBg5VboSYI_iQM2iR8oRky5lfoCpfdek2oKoq5VRV3AL3mvFcUvyGam9i2RCUnXcwpKoJGePuBFIwPdYVNepO6tQJdJtsf53JVpgx12-NEY2kphJ4Be4E3mLTqI/s1600/Pickerel+Frog+chorus+sonogram+NCh+5-1-18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="1288" height="63" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwxjJ10LRcsqfjG5N4NBg5VboSYI_iQM2iR8oRky5lfoCpfdek2oKoq5VRV3AL3mvFcUvyGam9i2RCUnXcwpKoJGePuBFIwPdYVNepO6tQJdJtsf53JVpgx12-NEY2kphJ4Be4E3mLTqI/s640/Pickerel+Frog+chorus+sonogram+NCh+5-1-18.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/640325520&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">A useful way to remember similar calls like these is to try imitating each one. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">If I were to imitate the Pickerel Frog, I would say
“errrahh” beginning with my jaw clenched and lips apart, then gradually open my jaw a
little and slowly closing it again. "Nyeeaaah" works pretty well, too. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJGNSK_vFTRsV04SH6iSFhOLFHVxlDPvvPKh7-l6Jg9WpNgmfmEswCjDa8Rd_aFvI-QGoG0gjeK-ofABUUr6LaONqJFRt3UXoSn7puVP3zYtOdkP-LFoAM-FBXiy8oHauGmiBUUBBQssc/s1600/Pickerel+in+bubbles+WMW+7-28-09.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="867" data-original-width="1024" height="540" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJGNSK_vFTRsV04SH6iSFhOLFHVxlDPvvPKh7-l6Jg9WpNgmfmEswCjDa8Rd_aFvI-QGoG0gjeK-ofABUUr6LaONqJFRt3UXoSn7puVP3zYtOdkP-LFoAM-FBXiy8oHauGmiBUUBBQssc/s640/Pickerel+in+bubbles+WMW+7-28-09.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But for the Leopard Frog, I would open
my jaw farther before closing it, and I’d also do a “rrrah-ah-ah-ah-ah-ah” at
times for the call type that has more spaces.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFKSDrNTOReeUHUOJhibSRj60t4Y6I3WDrtlW0tCfoZaLFAWpd-_fO4l-REJSsVoqHfOG3fK0SLKfHX0GUN-AfEFVPRPkwQFToA8ax_9E6Q3ZitUE1jSxqjcqhkroJsc0neZ2ZGxJ4FfA/s1600/Leopard+Frog2+Novak+4-18-15.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="852" data-original-width="1024" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFKSDrNTOReeUHUOJhibSRj60t4Y6I3WDrtlW0tCfoZaLFAWpd-_fO4l-REJSsVoqHfOG3fK0SLKfHX0GUN-AfEFVPRPkwQFToA8ax_9E6Q3ZitUE1jSxqjcqhkroJsc0neZ2ZGxJ4FfA/s640/Leopard+Frog2+Novak+4-18-15.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">For both species, try to make the sound as guttural as you
can. Don’t sing it; you are growling and
snarling. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Now go back and listen to the frog calls and imitate
them as best you can. Improvise as needed - you may find it amusing as well as useful to find the sounds that work best for you. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Then try immediately to recall what you did and how you
did it. You don’t have to do all this in front of anyone, though if you do, you can
both break down into uncontrollable laughter afterward. But you will remember
the songs better!</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here's a practice track for you: Pickerel Frogs first (accompanied by Spring Peepers) followed by different Leopard Frog calls. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/640361370&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">What was similar? Different? What did you do to
create those songs, and can you recreate them now? Actually making similar
sounds yourself can be very helpful in remembering because you didn’t just
listen - you did something with your own body to create a similar sound. It
involves muscle memory. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">OK, Frog Watchers – or should I say, Frog Listeners!
Refer back to this post next April if it's beneficial. In the meantime, we
still have Green Frogs, Bullfrogs, and the lovely Gray Treefrogs calling, so keep listening...</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwbYS-Is4uHpCbs3fZRAysGjIBRlIbKZlk4NLg1RlcMrT866R6KUySfzqJnKGWf4Yoc-BD0ZLhYKUacQDHmPPIJqTJDtKmzY5u-ixaWQjJdsn4OfECeV2mBMUyaBdnZIU1ZwkAv1sln5k/s1600/Leopard+Frog+Hyde+7-26-11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="998" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwbYS-Is4uHpCbs3fZRAysGjIBRlIbKZlk4NLg1RlcMrT866R6KUySfzqJnKGWf4Yoc-BD0ZLhYKUacQDHmPPIJqTJDtKmzY5u-ixaWQjJdsn4OfECeV2mBMUyaBdnZIU1ZwkAv1sln5k/s640/Leopard+Frog+Hyde+7-26-11.JPG" width="622" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://www.aza.org/frogwatch-monitoring-protocols" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">FrogWatch monitoring protocols</span></span></span></span></a></div>
<br />
<a href="http://www.ohioamphibians.com/frogs/callsurvey/index.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">The Ohio Frog and Toad Calling Survey</span></span></span></a><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">
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<span style="font-family: "bookman old style" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;">I’ll include a <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@41.1467531,-81.9503231,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!6m1!1s1JeWf2y-WDdM89DCxXPhDPQHX_2BbRHc7" target="_blank">Google map</a> of where I’ve recorded
them so far and also reports from naturalists in the region. I’ll update the
map as I get more information. I’m interested in where we have Pickerel Frogs
in our region, and you’ll probably want to know where this is an option when
you’re doing su</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">rveys.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "bookman old style" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span></div>
Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-6696652629362167592019-05-30T22:22:00.000-04:002020-04-23T15:59:31.373-04:00Dawn Chorus on a Sheep Farm<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXxfPKJP3JSRtBy9uWYEzaV2e2qiTI6M86IhMueikLLF51HnpjjiMT5dgpFVes1OKGEWi2OquglhzU-PPiGuJQjAiMwMAHb6pbCRrUVEL4i1L6F4aJJwbD_roNC3mHfb_eTNn0di9z8VA/s1600/Summerhill+Farm+sheep+5-24-19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1089" data-original-width="1600" height="434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXxfPKJP3JSRtBy9uWYEzaV2e2qiTI6M86IhMueikLLF51HnpjjiMT5dgpFVes1OKGEWi2OquglhzU-PPiGuJQjAiMwMAHb6pbCRrUVEL4i1L6F4aJJwbD_roNC3mHfb_eTNn0di9z8VA/s640/Summerhill+Farm+sheep+5-24-19.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Have you heard of the Dawn Chorus events that are
common in Britain? I certainly hadn’t until recently. They take place in May in
bird-friendly habitats such as parks. People gather outdoors in the darkness,
listening from the very first birdsong of approaching dawn until the full
chorus has begun to sing after sunrise. Sometimes the participants then have
breakfast together. It sounds delightful, doesn’t it?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">From what I’ve been able to find online, the
tradition began in England in the 1980s, spread across the rest of the U.K,
then expanded to other parts of Europe<span style="color: red;"> </span>as well.
There is now an annual International Dawn Chorus Day on the first Sunday of May,
and it’s been celebrated in over 80 countries! </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Betsy Stebbins-Anderson searched the internet for
indications of International Dawn Chorus Day in the U.S. but didn’t find any. It
was time. A family member who was an avid birder had done her own personal Dawn
Chorus morning each May for 20 years until the end of her life, and Betsy decided
to continue the Dawn Chorus morning here in Ohio.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The location would be on the family’s 186-acre Summerhill
sheep farm near Shreve (a little south of Wooster). Betsy had contacted me
about being the birdsong guide, and I thought it was an intriguing idea. And
yes, there would be an outdoor breakfast for everyone after sunrise. Following breakfast, I would then
lead a morning birdsong listening hike through various habitats on the farm. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although there was some distant sound from
agricultural equipment on a neighboring farm when we arrived, it was still much quieter than
most places I try to record. Walking up the hill from the sheep, I noticed that
the songs hurled back and forth between the Chipping Sparrows seemed to
sparkle! Was I able to hear more of their highest frequencies than usual? And the Red-winged Blackbird’s screams -
always quite bellicose - were even more potent than I would have expected. </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_qmnrAuvlhi1QfRGRlXbfxi5MMnSVejkbyqiqiU64J7onN42kZewt1xkHWgR2IHTKo1AdOK5vWJolKw0GAM31Cl7C3Ra-RldM27IP0QRB1S-OIHbbFZ5oKAxPNpBLZmxBUh-5hZAZdV8/s1600/Chipping+Sparrows+Red-winged+Blackbird+sonogram+Summerhill.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="127" data-original-width="817" height="98" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_qmnrAuvlhi1QfRGRlXbfxi5MMnSVejkbyqiqiU64J7onN42kZewt1xkHWgR2IHTKo1AdOK5vWJolKw0GAM31Cl7C3Ra-RldM27IP0QRB1S-OIHbbFZ5oKAxPNpBLZmxBUh-5hZAZdV8/s640/Chipping+Sparrows+Red-winged+Blackbird+sonogram+Summerhill.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/628578360&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Look at the sonogram: you’ll see the high, steady
trills of the Chipping Sparrows and the lower hooked-shaped screams of the
Red-winged Blackbird. The latter species has a number of different calls, and I
suspect that each one is either a threat or vulgar insult.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The view up on the hill at sunset created a sense of
space inside me as well as around me, and I would have liked to have stayed
outside well after dark. However, Wendy and I would be getting up at 4 AM -
unimaginable for a night person like myself – and ready to communicate with
other humans by about 4:30. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">People began to gather even before 5:00, and the earliest
arrivals were the ones who heard the first birdsong of pre-dawn. You’re
probably thinking it was a Robin, or maybe a Cardinal, but no - it was a Song
Sparrow at 4:45. He was followed a 5:02 by a Chipping Sparrow, and only at 5:06
did the first Robin take the stage.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"></span></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbaRR_N-pon1Zzzme4FhFxgGWd9Racw05Xa0HLpHG721gbRTJhQIQDIIyW8a3mL12M6GhEva2xCzk_x3diaPgym-10ELmDhX7CT2Dj16u5TQlt7B0X0BE0MpUzk93x4oi96vPQagftYZU/s1600/Robin+sonogram+Summerhill.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="90" data-original-width="1384" height="40" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbaRR_N-pon1Zzzme4FhFxgGWd9Racw05Xa0HLpHG721gbRTJhQIQDIIyW8a3mL12M6GhEva2xCzk_x3diaPgym-10ELmDhX7CT2Dj16u5TQlt7B0X0BE0MpUzk93x4oi96vPQagftYZU/s640/Robin+sonogram+Summerhill.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/628548936&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Soon, more Robins began to sing, followed by Barn
Swallows, a Field Sparrow, Killdeer, Northern Cardinals, and a Chickadee.
(Although Summerhill Farm is in the overlap zone between Black-capped and
Carolina Chickadees, this one was singing the Black-capped song.) </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUBKop2pWKWu7ASc49zmDJnySoyXAAuG-munZ3I9E_GQyoERzu6PjLtfhnouVsVETd_ww0B83tce5CPjefKc0kGthESfeeW9TQ7CX1mwGViVOADgzc0U6i1mNVpEzW8__SP66HWJqPcjg/s1600/Robins+and+Field+Sparrow+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="140" data-original-width="1400" height="64" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUBKop2pWKWu7ASc49zmDJnySoyXAAuG-munZ3I9E_GQyoERzu6PjLtfhnouVsVETd_ww0B83tce5CPjefKc0kGthESfeeW9TQ7CX1mwGViVOADgzc0U6i1mNVpEzW8__SP66HWJqPcjg/s640/Robins+and+Field+Sparrow+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">We quietly walked on the narrow road along the
edge of the farm and were soon challenged
by the number of bird species beginning their dawn songs. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Wendy kept the
list as we softly announced the name of each new singer.</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Just the Catbird,
Tufted Titmouse and House Wren together sounded like a chorus! I'll focus on each one in this track so you can get a better idea of who is singing. The sonogram is primarily the Catbird. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiB8oduSbdPkbMIKnYU4B95fCDcXhVMPpWOeZj33w7WYNMqgfQ1PN-vz87GQK5WeCXP9zfl_TUHBt1ry-t_VcxEvF4X8qpmeN46IJHEdJIAYxPh9sEla5dtIx1YCvJdSJoe7vTMUsoTHE/s1600/Catbird+and+others+Summerhill+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="154" data-original-width="1408" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiB8oduSbdPkbMIKnYU4B95fCDcXhVMPpWOeZj33w7WYNMqgfQ1PN-vz87GQK5WeCXP9zfl_TUHBt1ry-t_VcxEvF4X8qpmeN46IJHEdJIAYxPh9sEla5dtIx1YCvJdSJoe7vTMUsoTHE/s640/Catbird+and+others+Summerhill+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/628571112&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhToWmJgzq4hAlYyGfiuQeFq-_HSn6IMaHt0g_mt2WF7mkD7YrYif06zDMhdNd4heHLWjyPfQh8sgENEV9PPjzMrahIPjtZTHU_iJbNReOQ8VxIcJ2-KN8iG4QWdIJkD2wctJ5khOePQA0/s1600/61033847_1757416894404987_7679328326120374272_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhToWmJgzq4hAlYyGfiuQeFq-_HSn6IMaHt0g_mt2WF7mkD7YrYif06zDMhdNd4heHLWjyPfQh8sgENEV9PPjzMrahIPjtZTHU_iJbNReOQ8VxIcJ2-KN8iG4QWdIJkD2wctJ5khOePQA0/s640/61033847_1757416894404987_7679328326120374272_n.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Behind the wall of Robin song, I heard a Field
Sparrow singing an atypically complex, three-part song that I’ve occasionally
heard elsewhere. Later in the morning, this Field Sparrow and any others we
heard were singing the expected accelerating trill. Here’s an example of the early morning song.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">We'd all heard birds at dawn before, but our
attentiveness and focused listening enhanced our sense of wonder. The birds
revealed themselves with their songs; we didn’t actually see most of them. Songs and calls are how they communicate with each other, and we humans were
just privileged listeners. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">By 6:52, we had heard 32 bird species - including a calling Sandhill Crane.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">After a splendid breakfast, we returned to listening
to the birds while walking under the morning sun. Other family members have houses on the farm and Carolina
Wrens were happy to make their homes near them. If they are present you will
certainly hear them. </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib2zw6y8RHOuqEZXBkHBh_DWewtEayxcgBn6LbGvnWpbgEzTT3WYeCGPNxGRIs7Ec4A0ulDorRS9YrKx9Mr08Yw-3EHe9qeHQjLnbLR0hKMWs_ZTe9XOvKfBiJxaGp7es9yq2QZJsEb6k/s1600/Carolina+Wren+sonogram+Summerhill+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="118" data-original-width="1362" height="54" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib2zw6y8RHOuqEZXBkHBh_DWewtEayxcgBn6LbGvnWpbgEzTT3WYeCGPNxGRIs7Ec4A0ulDorRS9YrKx9Mr08Yw-3EHe9qeHQjLnbLR0hKMWs_ZTe9XOvKfBiJxaGp7es9yq2QZJsEb6k/s640/Carolina+Wren+sonogram+Summerhill+.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Unlike House Wrens, Carolina Wrens do not migrate
and need to manage Ohio winters. While less common in the snow belt counties of
NE Ohio (though increasing in numbers as winters become milder) they seem to be
plentiful south of Cleveland.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I didn’t expect our walk to take us down through a
large field and into a woodland. The bird
songs we heard quickly changed to a new habitat-specific ensemble. A woodland
doesn’t sound like a meadow, and Summerhill Farm’s Savannah Sparrows and
Eastern Meadowlarks would not be singing in the woods. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Instead, we now heard
the Red-eyed Vireo, Wood Thrush, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Acadian Flycatcher, a
Barred Owl calling…and what was that in the background near the small, wet
opening in trees near the Yellow-throated Vireo’s song? Could it be a Cerulean
Warbler? </span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxbCAh-r691cohDBQ_ymaLWxlX53d6lxWN91bh48pgJCJp4TAHqSBJcgI30kfxVrehV9eRoX_RQBybPvLYafwNpv7wc5L2Pj_BJrGnLb2UYRMZUNxJHEYdsg68ZRIb13mqhiepwdGeT3w/s1600/Cerulean+Summerhill+sonogram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="147" data-original-width="1329" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxbCAh-r691cohDBQ_ymaLWxlX53d6lxWN91bh48pgJCJp4TAHqSBJcgI30kfxVrehV9eRoX_RQBybPvLYafwNpv7wc5L2Pj_BJrGnLb2UYRMZUNxJHEYdsg68ZRIb13mqhiepwdGeT3w/s640/Cerulean+Summerhill+sonogram.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I was able to get closer, and it most certainly was
a Cerulean - always a very nice discovery! I haven’t had many opportunities to
hear them on territory.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">But John and
Betsy are very conscientious about caring for the habitats on the farm, so it
is no coincidence that this rich chorus of woodland singers could be found on
their property. Protecting habitats - the concert halls, as I sometimes
describe them - protects the birdsong ensembles. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Heat and humidity were increasing with the sun’s
intensity as we headed uphill back toward the house past the Savannah and Song
Sparrows. The Dawn Chorus morning was ending, but could it really be only 10:15? </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Before we left the farm, I had to pay one last visit
to the sheep. I was still intrigued by the vocal variation and nuance in their
calls and could hear each one as an individual more easily than I could ever visually
recognize them. While you listen to my favorite recording of the lambs and
sheep, you can read the list of birds we heard.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5sgFDj0dh-MqFxVesH1TTJ1syXNWiCri_lgeeyMo-Y85YZdxuuda8vTKVRsDfjlu0LqWrC3GWWuEfQD1EAyY4I6PS2h_4AX7k1dR_-DkB6Nr7G6fgVJPeZIKtytim06UPKWGtD9lE-74/s1600/Sheep+closeup+Summerhill.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1242" data-original-width="1600" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5sgFDj0dh-MqFxVesH1TTJ1syXNWiCri_lgeeyMo-Y85YZdxuuda8vTKVRsDfjlu0LqWrC3GWWuEfQD1EAyY4I6PS2h_4AX7k1dR_-DkB6Nr7G6fgVJPeZIKtytim06UPKWGtD9lE-74/s640/Sheep+closeup+Summerhill.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">You can find Summerhill Farm on Facebook, where you can watch their page
for other events like this one. </span></span></span>Betsy plans to do the Dawn Chorus event
annually. As for me, this lifelong night person would be
delighted to get up once a year at 4 AM before returning to her nocturnal ways.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy_oIS5IoP1vkTiFwmfGS9Ixy-pOlke4zG6cQQm0AV2ED3XL9ySykMKWAL424tKENraDZhraWXLafpEcffNuBfFkFK2o8xhuX9MN4iWcyJHEFy-BGV2Oc7hVINvPDkt6x0yYTjoqPXPEM/s1600/Additional+birds+heard+at+Summerhill+Farm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="752" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy_oIS5IoP1vkTiFwmfGS9Ixy-pOlke4zG6cQQm0AV2ED3XL9ySykMKWAL424tKENraDZhraWXLafpEcffNuBfFkFK2o8xhuX9MN4iWcyJHEFy-BGV2Oc7hVINvPDkt6x0yYTjoqPXPEM/s640/Additional+birds+heard+at+Summerhill+Farm.jpg" width="640" /> </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Except for the opening and closing sheep photos, the photos of the Dawn Chorus morning were provided by Summerhill Farm. </span></span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span>Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-90147649553728476272019-04-19T22:31:00.003-04:002019-04-19T23:05:35.297-04:00A Short, but Dramatic Performance<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0O6RHVjAIhi8tEM7Xq1OdbrM3tr643UfFB3D4Mbrm9tL1RV9s4xZOPso04Wp4bR_cXD9VtuUuTZ1AvrSj-xTiIrI0DlQH_b0urzplOSg6DZtCJK0znm4kuYDpiZv3mr5IOku3MnmwLeg/s1600/Wood+Frog2+Pond+Brook+3-27-16.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0O6RHVjAIhi8tEM7Xq1OdbrM3tr643UfFB3D4Mbrm9tL1RV9s4xZOPso04Wp4bR_cXD9VtuUuTZ1AvrSj-xTiIrI0DlQH_b0urzplOSg6DZtCJK0znm4kuYDpiZv3mr5IOku3MnmwLeg/s640/Wood+Frog2+Pond+Brook+3-27-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Did you catch it this year? It’s a short, but
dramatic one-act performance, and there’s not much advance publicity.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Wood Frogs – the earliest amphibian song of the
spring. There may still be ice in some corners of their vernal pools, but
unnecessary delay is not an option. T<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">heir vernal pools are beneficial to tadpoles because there are no fish present to eat them. However, these pools may not hold water year round.
</span></span>Males fertilize eggs as the female releases them, and then the tadpoles must hatch and mature
before the pools dry up. It’s all quite urgent. </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"><br />
</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Wood Frogs are forest dwellers, not surprisingly,
and they live in solitary silence. As you may know, they can actually freeze
during the coldest times in winter. Glucose replaces water that is drawn
out of their organs and into their abdominal cavities so their organs are
not damaged. It takes a little time to “thaw,” but when the process has
completed, they can take to the stage.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8y21ScLQY_ufSGA9FB6A6gbb3ajyBC66KUbagekommriYod_5ghq_KiEcryfy29RtdQ0jrkH5Gz7lszvMe3GwKwTxkds85X0_VOZGq8sOqe_hGUJ6eiHkVJ0lj4t19fqyDH2SZiQ_H5E/s1600/DSCF3398.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="606" data-original-width="800" height="483" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8y21ScLQY_ufSGA9FB6A6gbb3ajyBC66KUbagekommriYod_5ghq_KiEcryfy29RtdQ0jrkH5Gz7lszvMe3GwKwTxkds85X0_VOZGq8sOqe_hGUJ6eiHkVJ0lj4t19fqyDH2SZiQ_H5E/s640/DSCF3398.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Males respond to the early spring urgency by pouring in from
surrounding woods to the vernal pools, and females follow shortly thereafter.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvGpUwdKzntyVIfibuRGMIuyJYAfXcWTV5Yw8RSqUMGA1gmGMsEKcaSbv78UahYqC8djj6JEmlzv2MqFlUzkt6iIrDZf8yGqZkG0Jw1XUS5dQ-MXK2TKV4TAVQ0pRkIZSMbnun8UEAuH8/s1600/Wood+Frog2+Schweitzer+Tract+5-21-11.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="800" height="475" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvGpUwdKzntyVIfibuRGMIuyJYAfXcWTV5Yw8RSqUMGA1gmGMsEKcaSbv78UahYqC8djj6JEmlzv2MqFlUzkt6iIrDZf8yGqZkG0Jw1XUS5dQ-MXK2TKV4TAVQ0pRkIZSMbnun8UEAuH8/s640/Wood+Frog2+Schweitzer+Tract+5-21-11.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Males promptly begin calling, or “advertising.” I refer to these as "songs," but the proper term is “advertisement calls” - and advertising is exactly what they are doing.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">It’s an amphibian cacophony. The water bubbles and
ripples with frogs, each attempting to out-sing the others. Their performances
intensify as females arrive, and the chorus can be heard before the stage is
even visible.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk4BC71sryYkTOXegWS3fuikRgGD70_1QJ-FuVC8hqKmfb51BZkFrJr7Cb3iW9zhQaUYoGSjmFA-CaEfeT7Dq2MTr2FGjl1GIxeJzOfckgUTjiANY0p-mlRDyR7V4o6jh4rb-H4wna4oU/s1600/2009_0316%2528016%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="773" data-original-width="800" height="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjk4BC71sryYkTOXegWS3fuikRgGD70_1QJ-FuVC8hqKmfb51BZkFrJr7Cb3iW9zhQaUYoGSjmFA-CaEfeT7Dq2MTr2FGjl1GIxeJzOfckgUTjiANY0p-mlRDyR7V4o6jh4rb-H4wna4oU/s640/2009_0316%2528016%2529.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">So each spring I
compulsively watch the weather forecast and balance that information against my
academic schedule and all those other necessities that adult humans need to
address…and hope there will be a point of convergence.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"> I’d
heard and recorded Wood Frogs singing with Spring Peepers and a large chorus of
Western Chorus Frogs at The Wilderness Center on March 24<sup>th</sup>, but
that’s in the southeast corner of Stark County near the Wayne County line. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/608200641&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">We only had to wait a little longer up here by Lake Erie. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">I hurried to the wetland area at North
Chagrin Reservation’s Wilson Mills trailhead on March 27th, as conditions seemed promising. Before I even reached the
water I could hear that my guess was exactly correct this year! </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/144719442&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Not only could I
hear Wood Frogs, but to my surprise, soon I could even see them! It wasn't just the usual
part of a head or some eyes above the water, but the actual frogs. </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1JiEoyJPSWZfWtayiZPjlPReDA5fcO2KCc0ZbHmVQfbqwJOJU8IF3t6f2xGg8IODfxCsYIQ9rw8EV0XdGLjRUwbMIWo_fzz1Dz11DkHzuveqfMDI_1sL9uDH6hCZbV7D0Ix10anx0FJE/s1600/Wood+Frog+swimming+up+to+shore+WMW+3-27-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1JiEoyJPSWZfWtayiZPjlPReDA5fcO2KCc0ZbHmVQfbqwJOJU8IF3t6f2xGg8IODfxCsYIQ9rw8EV0XdGLjRUwbMIWo_fzz1Dz11DkHzuveqfMDI_1sL9uDH6hCZbV7D0Ix10anx0FJE/s640/Wood+Frog+swimming+up+to+shore+WMW+3-27-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuHc91IQcvl-J9bhcimRtB7QtY-GhFc1KT4IHqRx7_1zTab6GBkQ06YTokKZfVyf6RzwPLpfH0u5c629N7wqLGe8Up-OjCTTyZzrzWo3_mJNUc_Ya0pbpGBrSlTqrqy7kYfr_TWMt6DKs/s1600/Wood+Frog+pale+female+at+water+edge+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="786" data-original-width="1024" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuHc91IQcvl-J9bhcimRtB7QtY-GhFc1KT4IHqRx7_1zTab6GBkQ06YTokKZfVyf6RzwPLpfH0u5c629N7wqLGe8Up-OjCTTyZzrzWo3_mJNUc_Ya0pbpGBrSlTqrqy7kYfr_TWMt6DKs/s640/Wood+Frog+pale+female+at+water+edge+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">I went back after dark on the 28<sup>th</sup>
and again on the 29<sup>th</sup>. More frogs were calling.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/251758751&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">The marsh is on either side of the dirt
trail, and it’s possible to get close to the frogs if one doesn’t mind sitting
and kneeling on the ground. I was able to study their behavior in greater
detail than I have in the past, as I can’t generally get close enough without the
frogs simply going silent. Maybe I appear to be some kind of large, awkward wading bird
with plans to eat them. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">But they quickly
determined that I was too slow and clumsy to be a threat to anything, and they generally ignored me. Some came right up to the edge of the water as if
attracted to my flashlight. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY8k9kqhdsG6dPYkcK5CC96rmwVVz1AyDOO_OyEQlWPBjEE12tx6tEpqg96m94eR3c35kSyxOchjuRxoh4P_BvIc5Fpo3WATocirTXor5sba0AJJup0LODEIxnKF4np62okLWtJ-cG8FQ/s1600/Wood+Frog1+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="769" data-original-width="1024" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY8k9kqhdsG6dPYkcK5CC96rmwVVz1AyDOO_OyEQlWPBjEE12tx6tEpqg96m94eR3c35kSyxOchjuRxoh4P_BvIc5Fpo3WATocirTXor5sba0AJJup0LODEIxnKF4np62okLWtJ-cG8FQ/s640/Wood+Frog1+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">People often describe
the Wood Frogs’ calls as sounding like quacking ducks. Do they? Two Mallards
decided to add their voices to the Wood Frog chorus when I was recording. The Mallards’
calls are a little lower in pitch, but there’s a definite similarity in tone
quality. </span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/608203656&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Because the water was
shallow, I could even see them underwater, enabling me to observe how their
behavior corresponds to their calls.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQGHZa_30v0fVa7-IbErfR-2IJ-nI7V8bf51SvaQVHE5Z6cvM2xey4b_bQucHt6ehIVBKyo5PvQknvgnMCkR83s83w0050SuIA_iAhyWytxL6X3X5DvH8hf7joDUNx6UaWEdHo3PI-tNs/s1600/Wood+Frog+mostly+underwater+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="754" data-original-width="1024" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQGHZa_30v0fVa7-IbErfR-2IJ-nI7V8bf51SvaQVHE5Z6cvM2xey4b_bQucHt6ehIVBKyo5PvQknvgnMCkR83s83w0050SuIA_iAhyWytxL6X3X5DvH8hf7joDUNx6UaWEdHo3PI-tNs/s640/Wood+Frog+mostly+underwater+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The single “quack” call
is typically made when the male is in one place. He may move, then begin
calling again. The cacophony results from multiple males calling at the same
time but with no synchronization, unlike the back-and-forth of Western Chorus
Frogs. </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/608206326&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I was finally able to
observe the paired vocal sacs on the sides of their heads. They inflate and
deflate quickly to make the emphatic “quack” call.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib_q8JWRLxOv2tMKKVbY8ax8z8NOQz3RnhNvkDyLXvW7B6bD7REQ96Qoyaj2JSdFW4NygG4mCikLnhzugujeIuiWy5M3Kzw8xffwvft_IY0UdC743nJ-2-aNMQ2o7_-Puart3MRmxruNY/s1600/Wood+Frog+calling1+WMW+3-27-020.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="1024" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib_q8JWRLxOv2tMKKVbY8ax8z8NOQz3RnhNvkDyLXvW7B6bD7REQ96Qoyaj2JSdFW4NygG4mCikLnhzugujeIuiWy5M3Kzw8xffwvft_IY0UdC743nJ-2-aNMQ2o7_-Puart3MRmxruNY/s640/Wood+Frog+calling1+WMW+3-27-020.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">But I knew there were
times I’d also hear a rapid series of calls from an individual male. What did
that communicate? Since I could observe them more closely, I could see that consecutive
calls accompanied the male swimming after another male or defiantly approaching one that had gotten too close.</span></span></span><br />
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<br />
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/608204985&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIrlWO8Alk79SC-FOzkVm3_TjZ7PyoC9h1mDRZcwVnz4GV9DGhrpavX-4EFXiQO063Z4vUgTZIGNgaDHhWdGmOMDx7jxxa3A2OcFTq50AIe-BrKdTUNWBOn4VG_SAJVfUNxTiYwsk1K-k/s1600/Wood+Frogs+repeated+calls+sonogram+WMW.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="339" data-original-width="1469" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIrlWO8Alk79SC-FOzkVm3_TjZ7PyoC9h1mDRZcwVnz4GV9DGhrpavX-4EFXiQO063Z4vUgTZIGNgaDHhWdGmOMDx7jxxa3A2OcFTq50AIe-BrKdTUNWBOn4VG_SAJVfUNxTiYwsk1K-k/s640/Wood+Frogs+repeated+calls+sonogram+WMW.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">Even if the frog himself wasn't quite visible, I could see the concentric
circles of the ripples he generated during the confrontation.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_nVXViP7CNbd27pX0rJfaNBcfEkUTemMkMHSCx_mMLxCIBe3JQNJ0g_m5m577vAEHJJluIDNBserZjiDGM2yJ13ESL5mzWk_Q4TudOJ8J53Di3O5sYADyK-dzWZtGtJjh6VdCYquFgt0/s1600/Wood+Frog+challenges+another+male+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="1024" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_nVXViP7CNbd27pX0rJfaNBcfEkUTemMkMHSCx_mMLxCIBe3JQNJ0g_m5m577vAEHJJluIDNBserZjiDGM2yJ13ESL5mzWk_Q4TudOJ8J53Di3O5sYADyK-dzWZtGtJjh6VdCYquFgt0/s640/Wood+Frog+challenges+another+male+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "bookman old style" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "bookman old style" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "bookman old style" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: red;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">I didn’t witness the
details of male interactions with females, as there were generally a number of
noisy, agitated males in the vicinity. When males and females were joined in
amplexus (when the male holds onto the female from above and fertilizes the eggs
that she releases) they generally were silent. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgksyDcIhMESe9NVOFrxSJC4PzKLVEq6-uCCL7OFhFsOKMH1qHMyhIW2Io2zeeRm64oqUgJixFF3KxpxXCJS0WhQ0No9UJT31jYiikJKqLONUKpv_UoYQp-fjsiCMu6EjeWEfNywhJUFIc/s1600/Wood+Frog+pair+good1+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="661" data-original-width="1024" height="411" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgksyDcIhMESe9NVOFrxSJC4PzKLVEq6-uCCL7OFhFsOKMH1qHMyhIW2Io2zeeRm64oqUgJixFF3KxpxXCJS0WhQ0No9UJT31jYiikJKqLONUKpv_UoYQp-fjsiCMu6EjeWEfNywhJUFIc/s640/Wood+Frog+pair+good1+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">A male might occasionally call</span></span></span></span><span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;"> if another male tried to break apart the amplexus bond. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgobV2ny8-JNi8qzj6wNP82uMORDcIh98VgztNQXYWbZu7dd8Sj6qhxBN-mPEaFhPS5N7QLVoiOWGs7hQuLArn8JxisKNLRSyDWdY7O2GqemwXXDGETRUm9-u8pjlOkl-wo7hq_Kl_7Fi8/s1600/Wood+Frog+male+tries+to+break+up+pair+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="745" data-original-width="1024" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgobV2ny8-JNi8qzj6wNP82uMORDcIh98VgztNQXYWbZu7dd8Sj6qhxBN-mPEaFhPS5N7QLVoiOWGs7hQuLArn8JxisKNLRSyDWdY7O2GqemwXXDGETRUm9-u8pjlOkl-wo7hq_Kl_7Fi8/s640/Wood+Frog+male+tries+to+break+up+pair+WMW+3-28-19.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">But in a week or a little longer, the excitement was over for
another year and the Wood Frogs silently returned to the forest. Consider
yourself fortunate when you spot one now, as their colors blend impressively well
with the forest floor and low vegetation. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk8ztldgBzbCtclT768_gPJb1zyCYEmXDU6xNOJjqgmZeuYDLgfiDxdAgvL5GFlELxtos7feOPpQ1oGhVEg-qrzxolDmT7Y9X0oeLDiZoaPVO-BVxSOIu_kdzdg6OaivdbeSb6NyxUY8M/s1600/Wood+Frog1+Pond+Brook.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="688" data-original-width="800" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk8ztldgBzbCtclT768_gPJb1zyCYEmXDU6xNOJjqgmZeuYDLgfiDxdAgvL5GFlELxtos7feOPpQ1oGhVEg-qrzxolDmT7Y9X0oeLDiZoaPVO-BVxSOIu_kdzdg6OaivdbeSb6NyxUY8M/s640/Wood+Frog1+Pond+Brook.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiImsBqCK7FkizNwceMrXRb1cSGqRIQ6YdINt8LQoaJy8PU_tITJDk_MLpQGn404Exvlb4xdIj329zUOwDEbf6z3RqMhAbF0UWuf_I2cM2bMNtY4vrs1Ga1UQtjB5XrDKN78sknMG2Pgbg/s1600/DSCF3382.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="661" data-original-width="800" height="528" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiImsBqCK7FkizNwceMrXRb1cSGqRIQ6YdINt8LQoaJy8PU_tITJDk_MLpQGn404Exvlb4xdIj329zUOwDEbf6z3RqMhAbF0UWuf_I2cM2bMNtY4vrs1Ga1UQtjB5XrDKN78sknMG2Pgbg/s640/DSCF3382.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">As spring progresses, Spring Peepers and Western Chorus
Frogs will still be singing as the Wood Frogs depart, and Leopard Frogs and Pickerel Frogs will begin calling </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">shortly thereafter. Green Frogs and American Toads follow, finallyjoined by Bullfrogs
and the beautiful Gray Treefrogs.</span></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 12.0pt;">
<span style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-family: "verdana" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 107%;">But the Wood Frogs are a
voice of spring’s first challenge to winter: urgent, dramatic, and so
welcome. </span></span></span></span></div>
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Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4723513682494143228.post-63704603596094257472019-02-13T23:59:00.005-05:002019-02-14T22:59:52.867-05:00Annual Promises to Myself<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnpvzklrc8xMItguKsXH5lTsbteX0VcVCKRRp-Q1jFb5zauYtWDi1nBcttuJHC7DoJt92N2HUzo9oF7OplJqP2IaLQ-Tmq6SZM3TgpVttOnA7gMLgawbtio5EUzczZ8AZEpVejtLStVP8/s1600/Forbes%2527s+more+likely+than+Black-horned+Rogers+Road+8-16-18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1024" height="550" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnpvzklrc8xMItguKsXH5lTsbteX0VcVCKRRp-Q1jFb5zauYtWDi1nBcttuJHC7DoJt92N2HUzo9oF7OplJqP2IaLQ-Tmq6SZM3TgpVttOnA7gMLgawbtio5EUzczZ8AZEpVejtLStVP8/s640/Forbes%2527s+more+likely+than+Black-horned+Rogers+Road+8-16-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">North Chagrin Reservation's Rogers Road field, 8-18-18. .</span>He's probably a Forbes's </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tree Cricket but I can't rule out Black-horned Tree Cricket. Why? Read on.)</span></div>
<br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">This is not about New Year’s resolutions. It’s
about those promises we make to ourselves when we plan what we really want to
explore and study in the coming year’s field season. I keep more of these than
I ever did with New Year’s resolutions.</span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In 2018, I kept a promise I made to myself at the
end of the 2017 field season: that recording and documenting the
look-alike Forbes’s Tree Crickets and Black-horned Tree Crickets would be my primary 2018 focus as soon as these two species began to mature in early August. (Regular readers of this blog know that I've been studying these tiny, but impressive singers for several years now.) </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I'd tried documenting them as best I could while doing surveys of all the other species of singing insects
I might find. I obtained considerable information, but also learned that I needed to focus very specifically on
these two cricket species if I were going to get as much information as possible toward sketching out a map of where each species and both species are found. Singing insect season isn’t really that long - especially those magically-warm nights that are so excellent for insect song. So through dense blackberry tangles
and thick stands of goldenrod taller than I am, I kept that promise to myself
this past year.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;">The
2018 plan</span></i></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I would record
crickets in new NE Ohio locations. In addition, I would also revisit other sites where
I’d recorded previously but felt my accuracy and sample sizes could improve.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I did indeed return to some of the places where my
previous sample sizes had been very small, and I recorded more crickets there. If I wasn't entirely convinced of the
accuracy of the temperatures I’d noted at the time – usually because of sunlight
interference - I returned to increase my precision. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Temperature is such an
important factor! The difference between these species can be determined by how
many wing strokes per second there are in songs recorded at a given
temperature. Black-horned Tree Crickets will have fewer wing strokes per second
than Forbes’s at the same temperature. It’s difficult to hear the difference,
but easy to see on a sonogram. </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Sunlight had been a annoying problem. At the same air
temperature, a cricket singing in the sun is </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">warmer than a nearby individual in the shade</span></span></span></span>. His song will have more wing strokes per second, possibly resulting in an inaccurate
identification of the species.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The difficulty is eliminated at night. All I need to do is put my
thermometer probe as close to the singer as possible - ideally on his exact leaf if he'll permit it - and note the temperature. Getting as much data as possible after dark is ideal, and a very overcast
day is a reasonable option as well</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I consistently obtain that essential temperature for every
individual I record. Even at night, the temperature at the top of the goldenrod may be warmer or cooler than
farther down the same plants. I can't be certain of the species just by ear (though I'm getting closer), so I initially identify them only by the genus name, "<i>Oecanthus</i>," and the individual's number in the list of recordings. The Frohring Meadows individual in the recording below was a Forbes's, as were all the others I recorded at this Geauga County park in 2018. However, I labeled them by species only after reading their sonograms. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/572506338&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ve been adding to my Google map of northern Ohio Forbes’s
and Black-horned Tree Crickets each year. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHaRs0gFRXQLytoWM2Zu3AwbGPfbcvK4shZcG3qV-RAeMvK6cTAsWV7RfAqTwn3d2LqVFoiTo4Yu8nQa3X9pjZIpXDXMGxoNXSrPSmwQiUYZEQHyAakP5BTzBOsr_eziZrCB-HAyMupJc/s1600/Forbes%2527s+Black-horned+range+map+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="816" data-original-width="1048" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHaRs0gFRXQLytoWM2Zu3AwbGPfbcvK4shZcG3qV-RAeMvK6cTAsWV7RfAqTwn3d2LqVFoiTo4Yu8nQa3X9pjZIpXDXMGxoNXSrPSmwQiUYZEQHyAakP5BTzBOsr_eziZrCB-HAyMupJc/s640/Forbes%2527s+Black-horned+range+map+2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/@41.2109069,-82.527874,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!6m1!1s1J4hhHaGpZuNAFC5rEaWdMVFgY8A" target="_blank">Here’s the link</a> – you can see the details and specific information for
yourself. The purple pins are the Forbes’s, the turquoise are the Black-horned, and the orange represent where I found both living together. (A pale purple pin means overwhelmingly
Forbes’s and pale blue represents overwhelmingly Black-horned.)</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">As soon as the first Forbes’s and Black-horned Tree
Crickets of 2018 began to sing in early August, I was ready.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;">Lorain/Erie
county line</span></i></b></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj69cFBZt89AYiFv-6rJ_UZixLv1IguCbiJFXAU2aT_SJTWVEOa2RLsh5LCFVmDJJdqQQ1_dXf_dzGaP-7MWWb4cGm_riny7zwPMRyHx2IFe0QQv331cztdMMqAMfM68rJc3MDLwRugM-Q/s1600/Black-horned+Tree+Cricket1+head+pattern+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="1024" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj69cFBZt89AYiFv-6rJ_UZixLv1IguCbiJFXAU2aT_SJTWVEOa2RLsh5LCFVmDJJdqQQ1_dXf_dzGaP-7MWWb4cGm_riny7zwPMRyHx2IFe0QQv331cztdMMqAMfM68rJc3MDLwRugM-Q/s640/Black-horned+Tree+Cricket1+head+pattern+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 107%;"> Which species is he? Keep reading - he was at Wolf Run Preserve.</span><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></i></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://www.cmnh.org/bissell" target="_blank">Dr. Jim Bissell</a>, Curator & Head of Botany and Director
of Natural Areas at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, strongly
encouraged me to take a look and listen for the singing insects at Wolf Run Preserve
on the Vermilion River. This river edge preserve is located on the boundary of Lorain and Erie counties
not far from Lake Erie. I have less information on Lorain County that
the other counties in the Greater Cleveland region because night access has
seldom been available, so this was certainly an intriguing idea. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Almost every one of the look-alike tree crickets
I’ve found along and close to Lake Erie from Ottawa National Wildlife Refuge
all the way east to <a href="http://www.lakemetroparks.com/parks-trails/lakeshore-reservation" target="_blank">Lakeshore Reservation</a> in eastern Lake County has been a
Forbes’s Tree Crickets. I expected these would be as well. Still, I recorded 11
individuals in the meadow area of the property - every cricket I could approach
closely enough to adequately record - just to be sure.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Imagine my amazement when I discovered that every singer was a Black-horned Tree Cricket! Notice how that bright turquoise
pin jumps out in surprise amidst all the purple! </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9aoqHFRKrWyPQQirMZ0uQDNujbu-xOPNfiDfhmdxw2BqYW0ETMNx7AvPGV0-HVgC4DNrYeO9BvWVBdys7rbF6Mj_F5sMFE2OHJmSDpV5c47F6F9teAeKzRUpyXM5W8mVbhYEiHSZwzGE/s1600/Black-horned+and+Forbes%2527s+Tree+Crickets+Ohio+-+Google+Maps+-+Mozilla+Firefox+2102019+70809+PM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="1400" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9aoqHFRKrWyPQQirMZ0uQDNujbu-xOPNfiDfhmdxw2BqYW0ETMNx7AvPGV0-HVgC4DNrYeO9BvWVBdys7rbF6Mj_F5sMFE2OHJmSDpV5c47F6F9teAeKzRUpyXM5W8mVbhYEiHSZwzGE/s640/Black-horned+and+Forbes%2527s+Tree+Crickets+Ohio+-+Google+Maps+-+Mozilla+Firefox+2102019+70809+PM.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">So why would this be? Should I go back next year and
try to get access to other areas nearly? </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">As you can see, I’m starting my 2019 promise list
right now.</span></span></span></span> </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKUKkQ4_gMlgqtvc-aUNFnX137mJyuPGIg7V5Sxdbwe9AzmHWpgynX5CFR6e0d89BJkAiHy9v7jMkpT_Wbu_ELxEkbg4jR82GzedVREv-Or87hZllTrR5WXD1EHVMrGu0FlO43U2aA-_A/s1600/Black-horned+Tree+Cricket+singing+male1+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1024" height="506" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKUKkQ4_gMlgqtvc-aUNFnX137mJyuPGIg7V5Sxdbwe9AzmHWpgynX5CFR6e0d89BJkAiHy9v7jMkpT_Wbu_ELxEkbg4jR82GzedVREv-Or87hZllTrR5WXD1EHVMrGu0FlO43U2aA-_A/s640/Black-horned+Tree+Cricket+singing+male1+Wolf+Run+8-9-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Black-horned Tree Cricket at Wolf Run Preserve on the Vermilion River.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;">Who
lives where?</span></i></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In general, almost all my recording sites have had entirely Forbes’s or a mixture of both species. The sites
with only Black-horned Tree Crickets are very uncommon. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Forbes’s Tree Crickets are generally the expected
species along the lakeshore. Yet inland at the <a href="https://www.holdenarb.org/visit/trail-map" target="_blank">Holden Arboretum</a> in Lake County,
all the look-alike crickets I’d previously recorded in the Prairie Garden and
along Sperry Road have also been Forbes’s. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I was a little dubious about the Holden results and decided to recheck the goldenrod-filled meadows along Sperry Road near the Working Woods. The
tally? 19 Forbes’s and no Black-horned, even though Holden is considerably inland from Lake Erie. I feel confident about my earlier recordings now, and also about
those 19 crickets I recorded on a warm, but very overcast late afternoon shortly before rain showers moved in. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">There are also Forbes’s
Tree Crickets at <a href="https://www.geaugaparkdistrict.org/park/orchard-hills-park" target="_blank">Orchard Hills Park</a> in Geauga County near the Lake County
border, and </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I recorded 13 more
Forbes’s </span></span></span></span>12 miles due south at <a href="https://www.geaugaparkdistrict.org/park/frohring-meadows" target="_blank">Frohring Meadows</a>. Cleveland Metroparks’ <a href="https://www.clevelandmetroparks.com/parks/visit/parks/acacia-reservation" target="_blank">Acacia Reservation</a>, a former golf course in a
dense retail area next to I-271, also has Forbes’s Tree Crickets. Clearly, this
more western species has a strong six-legged foothold in locations east of the
Cuyahoga River. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Other areas have a mixture of both species, that can even be found singing next to each other in the same meadow. Although we
humans have great difficulty hearing the difference, the female tree crickets have no problem distinguishing who’s
who. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Range maps have shown our entire area to be the exclusive
home of Black-horned Tree Crickets, but that’s clearly not the case. Are
there areas in our region where Black-horned Tree Crickets are the majority?
Are they ever the only one of the two species present? Wolf Run Preserve was one case, but what about farther east?</span></span></span></span><br />
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mysterious Portage County</span></i></b></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuvsRn00pMQRghY7wmfpqnWfgEvf0kZi8_LoByuwdarExEP_VcLQKaspnMBieGvVeZRt1UTm1CvfzbQ_GZYs7jk7HiRGa-GVRR4R7Op-C9ohKfpUvGeeVpWAkdSb11VW-vRaUlrz7W1-4/s1600/Portage+County+sites+for+blog+post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="886" data-original-width="1085" height="522" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuvsRn00pMQRghY7wmfpqnWfgEvf0kZi8_LoByuwdarExEP_VcLQKaspnMBieGvVeZRt1UTm1CvfzbQ_GZYs7jk7HiRGa-GVRR4R7Op-C9ohKfpUvGeeVpWAkdSb11VW-vRaUlrz7W1-4/s640/Portage+County+sites+for+blog+post.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Herrick Fen, upper left. Morgan Park, upper right. Breakneck Creek, lower right. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kent Bog, lower left. The turquoise pin the the middle is Towners Woods. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-jgjf442MSA-f4BqE57sP3on1ykU_X7EOzXtic8IIzYp9Mtw-ushlllmZZtfOIqoowbEbfMifRhx6kfaXjIoVqTikJtDmY-s5O2TOwHm8e4OvZn0ATfL_evWLMHm0ViLqva18BfGdGA/s1600/BHForbes%2527s+singing+male2+Breakneck+Creek+8-26-18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="839" data-original-width="1024" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-jgjf442MSA-f4BqE57sP3on1ykU_X7EOzXtic8IIzYp9Mtw-ushlllmZZtfOIqoowbEbfMifRhx6kfaXjIoVqTikJtDmY-s5O2TOwHm8e4OvZn0ATfL_evWLMHm0ViLqva18BfGdGA/s640/BHForbes%2527s+singing+male2+Breakneck+Creek+8-26-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></b></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;">Breakneck Creek Preserve, 8-26-18. Visual identification is not possible.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The most likely area in which to find Black-horneds seems to be Portage County. I found exclusively
Black-horned along the Butterfly Trail at <a href="http://portageparkdistrict.org/parks-trails/towners-woods" target="_blank">Towners Woods</a> in both 2017
and 2018, and <a href="http://portageparkdistrict.org/parks-trails/parks-not-yet-open/breakneck-creek-preserve" target="_blank">Breakneck Creek Preserve</a> had 13 Black-horned and 7 Forbes’s in
2018. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpfqUVe1ReVMmRQD9ipYQNRgmMc2by3-t-XdCMj7VzwJ8tT6_OaVpn0x1hNBI8UKSVSkCxxgd73WDbYFbfPp6ShBcm8jiWy-Vitg-qBsLSmEe_2FeCzjuu-RWNbj-3lf-ICOmPd4M6CxI/s1600/Female+probably+Forbes%2527s+in+common+milkweed+leaf+Breakneck+Creek+8-26-18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="951" data-original-width="1024" height="594" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpfqUVe1ReVMmRQD9ipYQNRgmMc2by3-t-XdCMj7VzwJ8tT6_OaVpn0x1hNBI8UKSVSkCxxgd73WDbYFbfPp6ShBcm8jiWy-Vitg-qBsLSmEe_2FeCzjuu-RWNbj-3lf-ICOmPd4M6CxI/s640/Female+probably+Forbes%2527s+in+common+milkweed+leaf+Breakneck+Creek+8-26-18.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> This Breakneck Creek female was near a Forbes's male, as confirmed by my recording. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> It seemed likely that she, too, was a Forbes's. However, I can't confirm this because the females don't sing </span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I had assumed <a href="http://naturepreserves.ohiodnr.gov/cooperriderkentbog" target="_blank">Kent Bog</a> could be a reliable place to find Black-horned, as I recorded 5 Black-horned and 2 Forbes’s in
2017. My recordings and temperatures were accurate.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Yet when I went back in September 2018 with tree cricket citizen scientist extraordinaire
<a href="http://www.oecanthinae.com/index2.html" target="_blank">Nancy Collins</a>, I recorded 12 Forbes’s and NO Black-horneds in the goldenrod-filled field next to the bog in 2018. Zero.
My recording and temperature methods were identical both years. What was
different? </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">On to another of Portage County’s bogs and fens. <a href="http://naturepreserves.ohiodnr.gov/herrickfen" target="_blank">Herrick Fen’s</a> tall, dense goldenrod approaching the boardwalk is generously adorned
with singing with Black-Horned Tree Crickets. I recorded 14 of them in 2017,
and those were just the crickets that were
accessible to me (with difficulty, I might add). Yet I found 4 Forbes’s Tree Crickets but no
Black-horneds along the boardwalk in the fen itself. Why this difference? The vegetation in the fen area? Less density among the plants?
But if Forbes’s is a more western species, why would I find them in a Portage
County fen that is surrounded by Black-horned Tree Crickets? How long have they been there?</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Although Portage County may be the best place in the
Cleveland region to search for Black-horned Tree Crickets, there’s no guarantee
that a plethora of Forbes’s might not turn up instead. <a href="http://portageparkdistrict.org/parks-trails/morgan-park/" target="_blank">Morgan Park</a> had a wealth
of singing tree crickets in the meadow when I visited on 8-20-18, and to my
surprise, 21 were Forbes’s with only 2 Black-horned. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The area in which I made all those recordings was
primarily a goldenrod meadow. Would the
results have been different if I’d recorded in the nearby wetland area that’s being
restored? </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">It seems that each time I’ve thought I could begin
to consider some conditional conclusions about what I was discovering, I found
I was puzzled instead. I brought individual crickets home from this county so
that I could verify the accuracy of my species identifications from these locations.
My in-house recordings always matched the species identifications from the field. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I reminded myself that I was making recordings and
observations. I had neither enough information nor enough background to make
conclusions about what I was finding, so maybe I was writing a mystery without
any idea how it would end.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Well, Portage County, I’ll be making additional trips out your way in 2019…</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;">Burton Wetlands, Geauga County</span></i></b></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I also paid a visit to one of my oldest friends: Burton Wetlands. I did a two-year singing insect survey for the Geauga Park District as a Small Grant Program recipient in 2010-2011 and got to know this park better than any other since that time. But there was still something I needed to learn: Black-horned, Forbes's, or both?</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="http://naturepreserves.ohiodnr.gov/burtonwetlands" target="_blank">Burton Wetlands</a> in Geauga County has a glacial kettle lake, and a significant area of the park consists of goldenrod-filled former agricultural
land. </span></span></span></span>My intensive time there occurred before Nancy Collins alerted me to the fact that both Black-horned and Forbes's were possible species in my area. </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span></span></span>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">What
I found especially interesting about my 2018 recordings is that
there were 9 Black-horned Tree Crickets that were all around the edge
of Lake Kelso. I even recorded a few of them from the floating dock and by
hanging over the observation deck by the poison sumac. Here's one of
them:</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXbXHNVWCGdQ6kJc6STFZfViZDw8D6NUPwzeLbUpQVW5oXFqz7LzuTLu-tvdemTdmD5UJNqoCqFTo-S4Q0pSQ3wTD5p1r-TlYWA4TwnvL-gegUD0yrX2lXxPSljgfNZyM3cctV1jGzj9M/s1600/Black-horned+sonogram+Obs+deck+Lake+Kelso+8-27-18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="109" data-original-width="1320" height="52" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXbXHNVWCGdQ6kJc6STFZfViZDw8D6NUPwzeLbUpQVW5oXFqz7LzuTLu-tvdemTdmD5UJNqoCqFTo-S4Q0pSQ3wTD5p1r-TlYWA4TwnvL-gegUD0yrX2lXxPSljgfNZyM3cctV1jGzj9M/s640/Black-horned+sonogram+Obs+deck+Lake+Kelso+8-27-18.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/573997911&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">T</span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">here were no Forbes's by the glacial lake, yet I recorded 17 Forbes's (and no Black-horned) in the goldenrod meadows. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;">Just
across the Summit County line</span></i></b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></b></span></span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVcjyqk9kVAN9kojaYGgny7E91ocYo8VMiX0EXTgU9h2sV021D1phpLgcAgFMWVF1OlTNZ7RVnPmmQqeEmjHoMf3bk30OMFSzudqpSJUrFfUBllv67JNT6seVu7kGhMbcxMV3JmQm0MAk/s1600/Pond+Brook+and+Novak+Sanctuary+on+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="1262" height="314" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVcjyqk9kVAN9kojaYGgny7E91ocYo8VMiX0EXTgU9h2sV021D1phpLgcAgFMWVF1OlTNZ7RVnPmmQqeEmjHoMf3bk30OMFSzudqpSJUrFfUBllv67JNT6seVu7kGhMbcxMV3JmQm0MAk/s640/Pond+Brook+and+Novak+Sanctuary+on+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></i></b></span></span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-size: small;">The Pond Brook Conservation Area of Liberty Park is in Summit County and Novak Sanctuary is in Portage County. Only six miles apart, they feel like the same region.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Crickets and katydids don’t know or care which side
of the county line they’re on, and there are areas of Summit County – and even
parts Geauga County - that feel quite similar to those just across the Portage County
border. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Summit and Portage certainly appeared to be an
overlap zone, but there were also areas of exclusively Forbes’s </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">in both counties</span></span></span></span>.<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://fieldstation.uakron.edu/" target="_blank">Bath Nature Preserve </a>on the western side of Summit
County has both species, yet </span></span></span></span><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ve only
recorded Forbes </span></span></span></span>across that county line in Medina County. Well inside Summit County, however, I recorded 29 Forbes’s and no Black-horned at
<a href="https://www.summitmetroparks.org/munroe-falls-metro-park.aspx" target="_blank">Tallmadge Meadows</a> in the Akron area of Summit County. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">In 2016, I did a similar survey across the county
line in the Greater Cleveland Audubon Society’s <a href="http://naturepreserves.ohiodnr.gov/novaksanctuary" target="_blank">Novak Sanctuary</a> in Portage County - just six
miles from Pond Brook in Summit County. </span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I recorded only Black-horned Tree Crickets at Novak in
2016 but subsequently found 7 Forbes’s and 5 Black-horned when I recorded in a larger area in 2017.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrwnJltFiP-7Sgo9asOLlbXpLcmttxuv_LhPNatiM29qr3kz5AgtSC7fH36TRvxf5cYDxabqEhf3M-ow0Pp7icBpm-jr6X4ZdTqIfjitDF9-4MCG4_lQg1aPOZvYZ_sWtSGczn9_GQdyo/s1600/Black-horned++female+ovipositing4++Novak+9-22-16.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="964" data-original-width="1024" height="602" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrwnJltFiP-7Sgo9asOLlbXpLcmttxuv_LhPNatiM29qr3kz5AgtSC7fH36TRvxf5cYDxabqEhf3M-ow0Pp7icBpm-jr6X4ZdTqIfjitDF9-4MCG4_lQg1aPOZvYZ_sWtSGczn9_GQdyo/s640/Black-horned++female+ovipositing4++Novak+9-22-16.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> <span style="font-size: small;"> Female ovipositing at Novak Sanctuary in Aurora, Portage County. She could be either species, as both are present.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I definitely wanted to refine my search at </span></span></span></span></span><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Liberty Park's <a href="https://www.summitmetroparks.org/liberty-park.aspx" target="_blank">Pond Brook Conservation Area</a> in Twinsburg.</span></span></span></span></span> It has an abundance of appropriate habitat to support these tree cricket species. I know this preserve well, too. I explored some of its
habitats in detail and made a singing insects species list there in August and
September of 2013 - again, before I knew about the Forbes's Tree Crickets.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">August 28<sup>th</sup> was one of those wonderfully warm,
calm, humid nights I love for singing insects research. I recorded 15
Black-horned Tree Crickets and 9 Forbes’s at Pond Brook. At one point on the
Buttonbush Trail, all the crickets on the brook side of the path were one
species and those on the opposite side of the path were the other. I literally
had Black-horneds singing by my left
shoulder and Forbes’s by my right! </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Here are two of the crickets I recorded: both
species are in close proximity and were recorded at the same temperature. You’ll
hear other crickets in the overall chorus – especially the ubiquitous Jumping Bush
Crickets – and Pond Brook itself in the background. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBTsGUuxxUXQq7HqvwoiWuObe07UYv0hnr8eILnW9dZp15jZd1erNdr5RC49lxTKAOkvLh1Gbfzk-yXg6tUN38ck2d-yANUVmBLpXX9BDWyyIt-pyguLmPBqPtvNw_41INyYFP81kI-qk/s1600/Forbes%2527s+then+Black-horned+Pond+Brook+sonogram+8-28-18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="102" data-original-width="1307" height="48" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBTsGUuxxUXQq7HqvwoiWuObe07UYv0hnr8eILnW9dZp15jZd1erNdr5RC49lxTKAOkvLh1Gbfzk-yXg6tUN38ck2d-yANUVmBLpXX9BDWyyIt-pyguLmPBqPtvNw_41INyYFP81kI-qk/s640/Forbes%2527s+then+Black-horned+Pond+Brook+sonogram+8-28-18.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="20" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/572503656&color=%23ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true" width="100%"></iframe>
</div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Why are two such similar species living together in
the same parks and preserves? Do they only seem similar to the unrefined
hearing and vision of humans? How long have they coexisted? Is one displacing
the other? Are why do some parks only have Forbes’s?</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’ve probably made a case for spending an entire
summer in Portage and Summit Counties. </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbv_aiMG-d0uUaEivhvl1XNR7DmS27OL9nTKQd0S9ArDO24Ln-K3vrHDmjjmOMFjOyIw5H2Kp31yorangeLY5YmDxrwqyh-CIoEg331aFxJTVfC0YqtdOvDHTWfHC6AlgaJRVLjJt1X84/s1600/2018+recording+sites+and+dates.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="759" height="466" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbv_aiMG-d0uUaEivhvl1XNR7DmS27OL9nTKQd0S9ArDO24Ln-K3vrHDmjjmOMFjOyIw5H2Kp31yorangeLY5YmDxrwqyh-CIoEg331aFxJTVfC0YqtdOvDHTWfHC6AlgaJRVLjJt1X84/s640/2018+recording+sites+and+dates.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;"> </span></i></b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="line-height: 107%;">So,
2019…</span></i></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’m
definitely getting a clearer idea of where each
species is found and the areas where they overlap. 2018 also brought
surprises, and it seemed that addtional observations resulted in new questions.</span></span></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">If I go a little farther east into Ashtabula
County next year, would I still find Forbes's along the lakeshore but then discover more Black-horneds as I explore farther inland? Could I perhaps find a couple of folks to
join me in Mahoning or Trumbull County for a night survey or two to see/hear what’s similar a little east
of mysterious Portage County? Would I find more Black-horned Tree Crickets than
Forbes’s? Just where are the edges of the overlap zone– and
why?</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’d also like to look a little farther south if I can get
after-dark access. I have only limited and inconclusive recordings for places
like The Wilderness Center. Tree cricket researcher <a href="http://www.laurelsymes.com/" target="_blank">Dr. Laurel Symes</a> collected
Forbes’s and Black-horned data in Ohio and documented both species in Clinton
(Summit County) and North Canton (Stark County). This is a little south of
where I’ve been recording, and I find it encouraging that my data seems
consistent with hers. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">And I can’t forget that I’ve barely skimmed the
Table of Contents for what Lorain County might reveal…</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">
</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I know, I know. The list is getting several years
long, and perhaps longer than the number of years I may have to explore the
locations and questions that are so intriguing to me. I already have some very
interesting and rewarding singing insect teaching coming up in 2019, and the
beginning of fall semester on August 26<sup>th</sup> will necessitate
prioritizing my searches further. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">I’m
definitely getting a clearer idea of where each
species is found and the places they overlap. This year also brought
some surprises, and I found that the more data I collected, the more
questions I
have. </span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">The 2018 singing insect season ended like those
before it; field clothes covered with burrs, various sticktights, and the
ubiquitous tick trefoil seeds. Blackberry thorns were embedded in my arms and
hands. My hair, as usual, seemed to harbor a goldenrod seed bank. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">Is it obvious that I can hardly wait for next August?</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9VpT8WCxyHCuCEv-FbmbOEPZEL1pkYgrk7wyxcwqyAFfzcxm2sJkp7quyzWsDygrNNhW0UVwLuPDkRjNtl2IVJ78dEYGrA7xLNdEorixiwRLMRr_EPGRjBHGDc0PEhqfymmsD-hoMk84/s1600/Forbes%2527s+Black-hornded+satellite+map+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="882" data-original-width="1175" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9VpT8WCxyHCuCEv-FbmbOEPZEL1pkYgrk7wyxcwqyAFfzcxm2sJkp7quyzWsDygrNNhW0UVwLuPDkRjNtl2IVJ78dEYGrA7xLNdEorixiwRLMRr_EPGRjBHGDc0PEhqfymmsD-hoMk84/s640/Forbes%2527s+Black-hornded+satellite+map+2019.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="color: #0c343d;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 107%;">For more information on these crickets and my study of them, please see my Listening to Insects field guide entry <a href="https://www.listeningtoinsects.com/two-crickets-that-look-and-sound-id" target="_blank">here</a>. </span></span></span></span></i><br />
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Lisa Rainsonghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16728287766989599546noreply@blogger.com2